Abstract
Assessment and management of risks connected to health and safety protection have very old origins. In fact, procedures for regulating the consumption of potentially dangerous foods are mentioned in the Bible. Laws including some risk management principles were also present in legislation from the Roman Empire and Middle Ages. English laws were issued in the thirteenth and fourteenth century for the prevention of health risks by unwholesome or damaged foods. As early as 1661, John Evelyn discussed health problems by smog in London. In 1855 the question of how to evaluate a clean environment was expressed by Chief Seattle in his famous letter to the American President, in which he states: “If we do not own the freshness of the air and the sparkle of the water, how can you buy them?”
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Edwards, W., 1977, Use of multiattribute measurement for social decision making, in: “Conflicting Objectives in Decisions,” B.E. Bell, R.L. Keeney, and H. Raiffa, eds., Wiley, New York, pp. 247–276.
Føllesdal, D., 1986, Risk: philosophical and ethical aspects, in: “Risk and Reason. Risk Assessment in Relation to Environmental mutagens and Carcinogens,” P. Oftedal and A. Brøgger, eds., Alan R. Liss, New York, pp. 4l–52.
Keeney, R.L., and Raiffa, H.F., 1976, “Decisions with Multiple Objectives: Preferences and Value Trade-offs,” John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Morgan, M.G., 1983, “The role of decision analysis in the implementation of environmental policies,” Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, ENV/CHEM/CM 83. 5, Annex, Geneva.
National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, 1983, “Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process,” National Academy Press, Washington.
Roy, B., 1977, Partial preference analysis and decision aid: the fuzzy outranking relation concept, in: “Conflicting Objectives in Decisions,” B.E. Bell, R.L. Keeney, and H. Raiffa, eds., Wiley, New York, pp. 40–75.
Roy, B., and Bouyssou, D., 1986, Comparison of two decision-aid models applied to a nuclear power plant siting example, Eur. J. Oper. Res., 25: 200.
Royal Comm., 1984, Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, tenth report: Tackling Pollution — Experience and Prospects, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London.
Slovic, P., Lichtenstein, S., and Fishhoff, B., 1984, Modelling the social impact of fatal accidents, Manage. Su., 30: 464.
Slovic, P., 1987, Perception of risk, Science, 236: 280.
Southwood, T.R.E., 1985, The roles of proof and concern in the work of the Royal Commission on environmental pollution, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 16: 346.
Suter, G.W., Barnthouse, L.W., and O’Neill, R.V., 1987, Treatment of risk in environmental impact assessment, Environ. Manage., 11: 295
U.S. EPA, 1984, Risk assessment and risk management: framework for decision making, EPA 600/9-85-002.
WCED, 1987, “Our Common Future,” The World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Wilson, R., and Crouch, E.A.C., 1987, Risk assessment and comparisons: an introduction, Science, 236: 267.
Zeleny, M., 1982, “Multiple-criteria Decision-Making,” McGraw-Hill, New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Seip, H.M., Heiberg, A. (1989). Pilot Study on Risk Management of Chemicals in the Environment: An Introduction. In: Seip, H.M., Heiberg, A.B. (eds) Risk Management of Chemicals in the Environment. NATO · Challenges of Modern Society, vol 12. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5604-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5604-2_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5606-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5604-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive