Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Development of the Vertebrate Retina pp 69–86Cite as

Development of the Visual System in Hypopigmented Mutants

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Perspectives in Vision Research ((PIVR))

Abstract

The ganglion cells of most vertebrate retinas are distributed nonuniformly across the retina. Three major retinal specializations occur within the ganglion cell layer: the visual streak, the area or fovea centralis, and the nasotemporal division. Understanding the mechanisms that influence the development of these specializations has become a central theme in visual and developmental neuroscience (see also Chapters 6, 9, and 10 in this volume).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Assheton, R., 1892, On the development of the optic nerve of vertebrates, and the choroidal fissure of embryonic life, Q. J. Microsc. 34:85–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beazley, L. D., Perry, V. H., Baker, B., and Darby, J. E., 1987, An investigation into the role of ganglion cells in the regulation of cell division and death of other retinal cells, Dev. Brain Res. 33:169–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bunt, S., Lund, R. D., and Land, P. W., 1983, Prenatal development of the optic projection in albino and hooded rats. Dev. Brain Res. 6:149–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choudhury, B. P., 1981, Ganglion cell distribution in the albino rabbit’s retina, Exp. Neurol. 72:638–644.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, M. L., and Pettigrew, J. D., 1979, The retinothalamic pathways in Siamese cats, J. Comp. Neurol. 187:313–348.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cowey, A., and Franzini, C., 1979, The retinal organization of uncrossed optic nerve fibers in rats and their role in visual discrimination, Exp. Brain Res. 35:445–455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowey, A., and Perry, V. H., 1979, The projection of temporal retina in rats, studied by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase, Exp. Brain Res. 35:457–464.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creel, D., and Giolli, R. A., 1976, Retinogeniculate projections in albino and ocularly hypopigmented rats, J. Comp. Neurol. 166:445–456.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creel, D., O’Donell, F. E., and Witkop, C. J., 1978, Visual system anomalies in human ocular albinos. Science 201:931–933.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creel, D., Hendrickson, A. E., and Levinthal, A. G., 1982, Retinal projections in tyrosinase- negative albino cats, J.Neurosci. 2(7):907–911.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cucchiaro, J., and Guillery, R. W., 1984, The development of the retinogeniculate pathways in the normal and albino ferrets, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 223:141–164.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drager, U. C., 1974, Autoradiography of tritiated proline and sucrose transported transneuronally from the eye to the visual cortex in pigmented and albino mice. Brain Res. 82:284–292.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drager, U. C., 1985a, Birth dates of retinal ganglion cells giving rise to the crossed and uncrossed optic projections in the mouse, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 224:57–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drager, U. C., 1985b, Calcium binding in pigmented and albino eyes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82:6716–6720.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drager, U. C., and Olsen, J. F., 1980, Origin of crossed and uncrossed retinal projections in pigmented and albino mice, J. Comp. Neurol 191:383–412.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dreher, B, Potts, R. A., Ni, S. Y. K., and Bennett, M. R., 1984, The development of heterogeneities in distribution and soma sizes of rat retinal ganglion cells, in Development of visual pathways in mammals (J. Stone, B. Dreher, and D. H. Rapaport, eds.), pp. 39–57, Alan R. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dreher, B., Sefton, A. J., Ni, S. Y. K., and Nisbett, G., 1985, The morphology, number, distribution and central projections of Class 1 retinal ganglion cells in albino and hooded rats. Brain Behav. Evol 26:10–48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlop, S. A., Longley, W. A., and Beazley, L. D., 1987, Development of the area centralis and visual streak in the grey kangaroo Macropus fuliginosus, Vision Res. 27(2): 151–164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujisawa, H., Morioka, H., Watanabe, H., and Nakamura, H., 1976, A decay in gap junctions associated with cell differentiation of neural retina in chick embryonic development, J. Cell Sci. 22:585–596.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuda, Y., 1977, A three-group classification of rat retinal ganglion cells: Histological and physiological studies. Brain Res. 119:327–344.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fulton, A. B., Albert, D. M., and Craft, J. L., 1978, Human albinism. Light and electron microscopy study. Arch. Ophthalmol. 96:305–310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garrod, P. R., 1986, Desmosomes, cell adhesion molecules and the adhesive properties of cells in tissues, J.Cell Sci. (Suppl.) 4:221–237.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giolli, R. A., and Guthrie, M. D., 1969, The primary optic projections in the rabbit. An experimental degeneration study, J. Comp. Neurol. 136:99–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, K.J., and Hickey, T. L., 1980, Abnormal laminar patterns in the lateral geniculate nucleus of an albino monkey. Brain Res. 190:231–237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guillery, R. W., 1969, An abnormal retino-geniculate projection in Siamese cats. Brain Res. 14:739–741.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guillery, R. W., and Kaas, J. H., 1971, A study of normal and cogenitally abnormal retinogenicu- late projections in cats, J. Comp. Neurol. 143:73–100.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guillery, R. W., Amorn, C. S., and Eighmy, B. B., 1971, Mutants with abnormal visual pathways: An explanation of anomalous geniculate laminae. Science 174:831–832.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guillery, R. W., Casagrande, V. A., and Oberdorfer, M. D., 1974, Congenitally abnormal vision in Siamese cats. Nature (London) 252:195–199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guillery, R. W., Oberdorfer, M. D., and Murphy, E. H., 1979, Abnormal retinogeniculate and geniculocortical pathway in several genetically distinct color phases of the mink (Mustela vison), J. Comp. Neurol. 185:623–656.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guillery, R. W., Hickey, T. L., Kaas, J. H., Felleman, D. J., Dedruyn, E. J., and Sparks, D. L., 1984, Abnormal central visual pathways in the brain of an albino green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops), J. Comp. Neurol. 226:165–183.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guillery, R. W., Jeffery, G., and Cattanach, B. M., 1986, The number of uncrossed retinofugal fibers in mice that show albino mosaicism: High variability indicates that a small cell group determines the albino abnormality, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 12:122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, B. P, 1976, The distribution of intercellular gap junctions in the developing retina and pigment epithelium of Xenopus laevis, Anat. Embryol. 150:99–111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendrickson, A. E., and Rakic, P., 1977, Histogenesis and synaptogenesis in the dorsal lateral geniculate of the fetal monkey brain, Anat. Ree. 187:602.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horsburgh, G. M., and Sefton, A. J., 1986, The early development of the optic nerve and chiasm in embryonic rat, J. Comp. Neurol. 243:547–560.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffrey, G., Cowey, A., and Kuypers, H. G.J. M., 1981, Bifurcating retinal ganglion cell axons in the rat, demonstrated by retrograde double labelling, Exp. Brain Res. 44:34–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keens, J., 1981, Aspects of retinal projections in rats, Proc. Aust. Physiol. Pharmacol. Soc. 12:163P.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kliot, M., and Shatz, C. J., 1982, Genesis of different retinal ganglion cell types in the cat, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 8:815.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kliot, M., and Shatz, C. J., 1985, Abnormal development of the retinogeniculate projection in Siamese cats, J.Neurosci. 5(10):2641–2653.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuwabara, T., 1975, Development of the optic nerve of the rat. Invest. Opthalmol. 14(10):732–745.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuwabara, T., and Weidman, T. A., 1974, Development of the prenatal rat retina, Invest. Ophthalmol 3:725–739.

    Google Scholar 

  • Land, P. W., and Lund, R. D., 1979, Development of the rat’s uncrossed retinotectal pathway and its relation to plasticity studies. Science 205:698–700.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Land, P. W., Hargrove, K., Eldridge, J., and Lund, R. D., 1981, Differential reduction in the number of ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells during the development of retinofugal projections in the albino and pigmented rats, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 7:141.

    Google Scholar 

  • La Vail, J. H., Nixon, R. A., and Sidman, R. L., 1978, Genetic control of retinal ganglion cell projections, J. Comp. Neurol. 182:399–422.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lund, R. D., 1965, Uncrossed visual pathways of hooded and albino rats. Science 149:1506–1507.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lund, R. D., 1978, Development and Plasticity of the Brain: An Introduction, Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, L, 1969, Development of the Human Eye, pp. 22–28, Grune & Stratton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, P. E., and Land, P. W., 1981, Development of retinogeniculate projections in albino and pigmented rats, Anat. Ree. 199:165A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murakami, D., Sesma, M. A., and Rowe, M. H., 1982, Characteristics of nasal and temporal retina in Siamese and normally pigmented cats. Brain. Behav. Evol. 21:67–113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naito, J., 1986, Course of retinogeniculate projection fibers in the cat optic nerve, J. Comp. Neurol. 251:376–387.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naumann, G. O. H., Lerche, W., and Schroeder, W., 1976, Foveola-Aplasie bei Tyrosinase- positivem oculocutanen Albinismus, Von Graefe’s Arch. Ophthalmol. 200:39–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navascues, J., Rodriguez-Gallardo, L., Martin-Partido, G., and, Alvarez, I. S., 1985, Proliferation of glial precursors during early development of the chick optic nerve, Anat. Emhryol. 172:365–373.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oberdorfer, M., Miller, N., and Silver, J., 1981, Distribution of axons in albino and pigmented embryonic optic stalks. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 20:174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Provis, J. M., 1987, Patterns of cell death in the ganglion cell layer of the human retina, J. Comp. Neurol. 259:237–246.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rager, G. H., 1980a, Development of the retinotectal projection in the chicken, Adv. Anat. Embryol. Cell Biol. 63:41–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rager, G. H., 1980b, Die ontogenese der retinotopen projektion Beobachtung und Reflexion, Naturewissenschaften 67:280–287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rakic, P., 1981, Neuronal-glia interactions during brain development. Trends Neurosci. 4:184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rapaport, D. H., and Stone, J., 1982, The site of commencement of maturation in mammalian retina: Observations in the cat. Dev. Brain Res. 5:273–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rapaport, D. H., and Stone, J., 1983, The topography of cytogenesis in the developing retina of the cat, J.Neurosci. 3:1824–1838.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rapaport, D. H., Robinson, S. R., and Stone, J., 1984, Cell movement and birth in the developing cat retina, in Development of Visual Pathways in Mammals (J. Stone, B. Dreher, and D. H. Rapaport, eds.), pp. 23–38, Alan R. Liss, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, A., 1896, On the formation and structure of the optic nerve, and its relation to the optic stalk, J. Anat. Physiol. (London) 30:319–333.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, S. R., 1987, Ontogeny of the area centralis in the cat, J. Comp. Neurol. 255:50–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodieck, R. W., 1973, The Vertebrate Retinal W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, M. H., and Stone, J., 1976, Properties of ganglion cells in the visual streak of the cat’s retina, J. Comp. Neurol. 169:99–126.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanderson, K. E., Guillery, R. W., and Shackelford, R. M., 1974, Congenitally abnormal visual pathways in mink (Mustela vison) with reduced retinal pigment, J. Comp. Neurol. 154:225–248.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sengelaub, D. R., and Finlay, B. L., 1982, Cell death in the mammalian visual system during normal development: I. Retinal ganglion cells, J. Comp. Neurol. 204:311–317.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sengelaub, D. R., Dolan, R. P., and Finlay, B. L., 1986, Cell generation, death, and retinal growth in the development of the hamster retinal ganglion cell layer, J. Comp. Neurol. 246:527–543.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shatz, C. J., 1977, A comparison of visual pathways in Boston and Midwestern Siamese cats, J. Comp. Neurol. 171:205–228.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shatz, C. J., 1983, The prenatal development of the cat’s retinogeniculate pathway, J.Neurosci. 3:482–498.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shatz, C. J., and Kliot, M., 1982, Prenatal misrouting of the retinogeniculate pathway in Siamese cats. Nature (London) 300(9):525–529.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silver, J., 1984, Studies on factors that govern directionality of axonal growth in the embryonic optic nerve and at the chiasm of mice, J. Comp. Neurol 223:238–251.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silver, J., and Hughes, A. F. W., 1973, The role of cell death during morphogenesis of the mammalian eye, J. Morphol. 140:159–170.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silver, J., and Robb, R. M., 1979, Studies on the development of the eye cup and optic nerve in normal mice and in mutants with congenital optic nerve aplasia. Dev. Biol. 68:175–190.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silver, J., and Sapiro, J., 1981, Axonal guidance during development of the optic nerve. The role of the pigment epithelia and other extrinsic factors, J. Comp. Neurol. 202:521–538.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silver, J., and Sidman, R. L., 1980, A mechanism for the guidance and topographic patterning of retinal ganglion cell axons, J. Comp. Neurol. 189:101–111.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stone, J., 1983, Parallel Processing in the Visual System, Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, J., and Rapaport, D. H., 1986, The role of cell death in shaping the ganglion cell layer population of the adult cat retina, in Visual Neuroscience (J. D. Pettigrew, K.J. Sanderson, and W. R. Levick, eds.), pp. 157–165, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, J., Campion, J. E., and Leicester, J., 1978, The nasotemporal division of retina in the Siamese cat, J. Comp. Neurol. 180:783–798.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strongin, A. C., and Guillery, R. W., 1981, The distribution of melanin in the developing optic cup and stalk and its relation to cellular degeneration, J.Neurosci. 1(11): 1193–1204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, C., and Polley, E. H., 1985, The topography of ganglion cell production in the cat’s retina, J. Neurosci. 5:741–750.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, C., Polley, E. H., Hickey, T. L., and Guillery, R. W., 1983, Generation of cat retinal ganglion cells in relation to central pathways. Nature (London) 302:611–614.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webster, M. J., 1985, Cytogenesis, histogenesis and morphological differentiation of the retina, Ph.D., thesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster, M. J., and Rowe, M. H., 1985, Development of retinal topography in albino and pigmented rats, Neurosci. Lett. (Suppl.) 19:109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster, M. J., and Rowe, M. H., 1988, Altered timing of the developmental processes in albino rat retina, J. Comp. Neurol, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster, M. J., Shatz, C. J., Kliot, M., and Silver, J., 1986, Abnormal differentiation of the optic stalk and its relation to axon misguidance in embryonic Siamese cat, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 16:121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster, M. J., Shatz, C. J., Kliot, M., and Silver, J., 1988, Abnormal pigmentation and unusual morphogenesis of the optic stalk may be correlated with retinal axon misguidance in embryonic Siamese cat, J. Comp. Neurol 269:592–611.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. W., Bastiani, M. J., Lia, B., and Chalupa, L. M., 1986, Growth cones, dying axons and developmental fluctuations in the fiber population of the cat’s optic nerve, J. Comp. Neurol 246:32–69.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wise, R. P., and Lund, R. D., 1976, The retina and central projections of heterochromic rats, J. Exp. Neurol 51:68–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuroscience Program, Department of Developmental Genetics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 44106, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Maree J. Webster & Jerry Silver

  2. Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Ursula C. Drager

Authors
  1. Maree J. Webster
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ursula C. Drager
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jerry Silver
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    Barbara L. Finlay

  2. Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

    Dale R. Sengelaub

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Webster, M.J., Drager, U.C., Silver, J. (1989). Development of the Visual System in Hypopigmented Mutants. In: Finlay, B.L., Sengelaub, D.R. (eds) Development of the Vertebrate Retina. Perspectives in Vision Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5592-2_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5592-2_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5594-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5592-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation