Skip to main content

The Human Endometrium

Cyclic and Gestational Changes

  • Chapter
Biology of the Uterus

Abstract

The endometrium is an ideal tissue for study of the interrelated effects of ovarian hormones, enzymes, and prostaglandins. Advances in the biochemistry and physiology of the uterus have stimulated reinterpretation of the cyclic morphological changes in the endometrium. Concomitantly, ultrastructural studies have bridged the gap between the large body of cytochemical information and the conventional histological studies of endometrial development and disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Armstrong, E. M., More, I. A. R., McSeveney, D., and Chatfield, W. R., 1973, Reappraisal of the ultrastructure of the human endometrial glandular cell, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw. 80: 446–460.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baggish, M. S., Pauerstein, C. J., and Woodruff, J. D., 1967, Role of stroma in regeneration of endometrial epithelium, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 99: 459–466.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bardawil, W. A., 1987, Endometrium, in: Gynecologic Endocrinology, 4th ed. ( J. J. Gold and J. B. Josimovich, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 185–245.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Borell, U., Nilsson, O., and Westman, A., 1959, The cyclical changes occurring in the epithelium lining the endometrial glands. An electron-microscopical study in the human being, Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 38: 364–377.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brosens, I. A., Robertson, W. B., and Dixon, H. G., 1972, The role of the spiral arteries in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, in: Obstetrics and Gynecology Annual, Volume 1 ( R. M. Wynn, ed.), Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, pp. 177–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brosens, I., Dixon, H. G., and Robertson, W. B., 1977, Fetal growth retardation and the arteries of the placental bed, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 84: 656–664.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cavazos, F., and Lucas, F. V., 1973, Ultrastructure of the endometrium, in: The Uterus ( H. J. Norris, A. T. Hertig, and M. R. Abell, eds.), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 136–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavazos, F., Green, J. A., Hall, D. G., and Lucas, F. V., 1967, Ultrastructure of the human endometrial glandular cell during the menstrual cycle, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 99: 833–854.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colville, E. A., 1968, The ultrastructure of the human endometrium, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Commonw. 75: 342–350.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czernobilsky, B., Rotenstreich, L., Mass, N., and Lancet, M., 1975, Effect of intrauterine device on histology of endometrium, Obstet. Gynecol. 45: 64–66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Brüx, J., and Ancla, M., 1964, Arias-Stella endometrial atypias. Case study with the electron microscope, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 89: 661–669.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Wolf, F., De Wolf-Peeters, C., and Brosens, I., 1973, Ultrastructure of spiral arteries in the human placental bed at the end of normal pregnancy, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 117: 833–848.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Wolf, F., Robertson, W. B., and Brosens, I., 1975, The ultrastructure of acute atherosis in hypertensive pregnancy, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 123: 164–174.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Downie, J., Poyser, N. L., and Wunderlich, M., 1974, Levels of prostaglandins in human endometrium during the normal menstrual cycle, J. Physiol. ( Lond. ) 236: 465–472.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubrauszky, V., and Pohlmann, G., 1960, Strukturveränderungen am Nukeolus von Korpusendometriumzellen während der Sekretionsphase, Naturwissenschaften 47: 523–524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferenczy, A., 1976, Studies on the cytodynamics of human endometrial regeneration. I. Scanning electron microscopy, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 124: 64–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferenczy, A., 1980, Regeneration of the human endometrium, in: Progress in Surgical Pathology, Volume 1 ( C. M. Fenoglio and M. Wolff, eds.), Masson, USA, New York, pp. 157–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferenczy, A., and Richart, R. M., 1974, Female Reproductive System: Dynamics of Scan and Transmission Electron Microscopy, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferenczy, A., Richart, R. M., Agate, F. J., Jr., Purkerson, M. L., and Dempsey, E. W., 1972, Scanning electron microscopy of the human endometrial surface epithelium, Fertil. Steril. 23: 515–521.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedrich, E. R., 1967, Effects of contraceptive hormone preparations on the fine structure of the endometrium, Obstet. Gynecol 30: 201–219.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gompel, C., 1962, The ultrastructure of the human endometrial cell studied by electron microscopy, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 84: 1000–1009.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gudmundsson, J. A., Lindgren, A., Lundkvist, Ö., Nillius, S. J., and Bergquist, C., 1987, Endometrial morphology after 6 months of continuous treatment with a new gonadotropin-releasing hormone super-agonist for contraception, Fer til. Steril. 48: 52–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henzl, M. R., Smith, R. E., Boost, G., and Tyler, E. T., 1972, Lysosomal concept of menstrual bleeding in humans, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 34: 860–875.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hitschmann, F., and Adler, L., 1908, Der Bau der Uterusschleimhaut des geschlechtsreifen Weibes mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Menstruation, Monatsschr. Geburtshilfe Gynaekol. 27: 1–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johannisson, E., and Nilsson, L., 1972, Scanning electron microscopic study of the human endometrium, Fertil. Steril. 23: 613–625.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kearns, M., and Lala, P. K., 1983, Life history of decidual cells: A review, Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 3: 78–82.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawn, A. M., Wilson, E. W., and Finn, C. A., 1971, The ultrastructure of human decidual and predecidual cells, J. Reprod. Fertil. 26: 85–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacLennan, A. H., Harris, J. A., and Wynn, R. M., 1971, Menstrual cycle of the baboon. II. Endometrial ultrastructure, Obstet. Gynecol. 38: 359–374.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martel, D., Malet, C., Gautray, J. P., and Psychoyos, A., 1981, Surface changes of the luminal uterine epithelium during the human menstrual cycle: A scanning electron microscopic study, in: The Endometrium: Hormonal Impacts ( J. de Brux, R. Mortel and J. P. Gautray, eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 15–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maruffo, C. A., Casavilla, F., Van Nynatten, B., and Perez, V., 1974, Modifications of the human endometrial fine structure induced by low-dose progestogen therapy, Fertil. Steril. 25: 778–787.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maslar, I. A., Powers-Craddock, P., and Ansbacher, R., 1986, Decidual prolactin production by organ cultures of human endometrium: Effects of continuous and intermittent progesterone treatment, Biol. Reprod. 34: 741–750.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masterson, R., Armstrong, E. M., and More, I. A. R., 1975, The cyclical variation in the percentage of ciliated cells in the normal human endometrium, J. Reprod. Fertil. 42: 537–540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLennan, C. E., and Rydell, A. H., 1965, Extent of endometrial shedding during normal menstruation, Obstet. Gynecol. 26: 605–621.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • More, I. A. R., and Masterson, R. G., 1975, The fine structure of the human endometrial ciliated cell, J. Reprod. Fertil. 45: 343–348.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • More, I. A. R., Armstrong, E. M., McSeveney, D., and Chatfield, W. R., 1974, The morphogenesis and fate of the nucleolar channel system in the human endometrial glandular cell, J. Ultrastruct. Res. 47: 74–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • More, I. A. R., Armstrong, E. M., and McSeveney, D., 1975, Observations on the three-dimensional structure of the nucleolar channel system of the human endometrial glandular cell, J. Anat. 119: 163–167.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, O., 1962a, Electron microscopy of the glandular epithelium in the human uterus. I. Follicular phase, J. Ultrastruct. Res. 6: 413–421.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, O., 1962b, Electron microscopy of the glandular epithelium in the human uterus. II. Early and late luteal phase, J. Ultrastruct. Res. 6: 422–431.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, O., Hagenfeldt, K., and Johannisson, E., 1974, Ultrastructural signs of an interference in the carbohydrate metabolism of human endometrium produced by the intrauterine copper-T device, Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 53: 139–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noyes, R. W., Hertig, A. T., and Rock, J., 1950, Dating the endometrial biopsy, Fertil. Steril. 1: 3–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parr, M. B., and Parr, E. L., 1974, Uterine luminal epithelium: Protrusions mediate endocytosis, not apocrine secretion, in the rat, Biol. Reprod. 11: 220–233.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pryse-Davies, J., Ryder, T. A., and MacKenzie, M. L., 1979, In vivo production of the nucleolar channel system in postmenopausal endometrium, Cell Tissue Res. 203: 493–498.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, W. B., Brosens, I., and Dixon, H. G., 1967, The pathological response of the vessels of the placental bed to hypertensive pregnancy, J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 93: 581–592.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakbun, V., Koay, E. S. C., and Bryant-Greenwood, G. D., 1987, Immunocytochemical localization of prolactin and relaxin C-peptide in human decidua and placenta, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 65: 339–343.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawaragi, I., and Wynn, R. M., 1969, Ultrastructural localization of metabolic enzymes during the human endometrial cycle, Obstet. Gynecol. 34: 50–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sengel, A., and Stoebner, P., 1970a, Ultrastructure de l’endometre humain normal. I. Le chorion cytogene, Z. Zellforsch. 109: 245–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sengel, A., and Stoebner, P., 1970b, Ultrastructure de l’endometre humain normal. II. Les glandes, Z. Zellforsch. 109: 260–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheppard, B. L., and Bonnar, J., 1976, The ultrastructure of the arterial supply of the human placenta in pregnancy complicated by fetal growth retardation, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 83: 948–959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheppard, B. L., and Bonnar, J., 1981, An ultrastructural study of utero-placental spiral arteries in hypertensive and normotensive pregnancy and fetal growth retardation, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 88: 695–705.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tekelioglu-Uysal, M., Edwards, R. G., and Ki§ni§gi, H. A., 1975, Ultrastructural relationships between decidua, trophoblast and lymphocytes at the beginning of human pregnancy, J. Reprod. Fertil. 42: 431–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Themann, H., and Schiinke, W., 1963, The fine structure of the glandular epithelium of the human endometrium, electron microscopic morphology, in: The Normal Human Endometrium ( H. Schmidt-Mat-thiesen, ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 99–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thrasher, T. V., and Richart, R. M., 1972, Ultrastructure of the Arias-Stella reaction, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 112: 113–120.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsibris, J. C., Fort, F. L., Cazenave, C. R., Cantor, B., Bardawil, W. A., Notelovitz, M., and Spellacy, W. N., 1981, The uneven distribution of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human endometrium, J. Steroid Biochem. 14: 997–1003.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wessel, W., 1960, Das elektronenmikroskopische Bild menschlicher endometrialer Drüsenzellen während das menstruellen Zyklus, Z. Zellforsch. 51: 633–657.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wetzstein, R. H., and Wagner, H., 1960, Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am menschlichen Endometrium, Anat. Arn. 108: 362–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wienke, E. C., Cavazos, F. ? Hall, D. G., and Lucas, F. V., 1968, Ultrastructure of the human endometrial stroma cell during the menstrual cycle, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 102: 65–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R. M., 1967a, Fetomaternal cellular relations in the human basal plate. An ultrastructural study of the placenta, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 97: 832–850.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R. M., 1967b, IUDs: Effects on ultrastructure of human endometrium, Science 156: 1508–1510.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R. M., 1968, Fine structural effects of intrauterine contraceptives on the human endometrium, Fértil. Steril 19: 867–882.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R. M., 1972, Cytotrophoblastic specializations: An ultrastructural study of the human placenta, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 114: 339–355.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R. M., 1974, Ultrastructural development of the human decidua, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 118: 652–670.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R. M., 1978, The placenta in preeclampsia, in: Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy ( F. K. Beller and I. MacGillivray, eds.), Georg Thieme, Stuttgart, pp. 45–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R. M., and Harris, J. A., 1967a, Ultrastructure of trophoblast and endometrium in invasive hydatidiform mole (chorioadenoma destruens), Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 99: 1125–1135.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R. M., and Harris, J. A., 1967b, Ultrastructural cyclic changes in the human endometrium. I. Normal preovulatory phase, Fértil. Steril. 18: 632–648.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R. M., and Sawaragi, I., 1969, Effects of intra-uterine and oral contraceptives on the ultrastructure of the human endometrium, J. Reprod. Fértil. Suppl. 8: 45–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R. M., and Woolley, R. S., 1967, Ultrastructural cyclic changes in the human endometrium. II. Normal postovulatory phase, Fértil. Steril. 18: 721–738.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Plenum Publishing Corporation

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wynn, R.M. (1989). The Human Endometrium. In: Wynn, R.M., Jollie, W.P. (eds) Biology of the Uterus. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5589-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5589-2_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5591-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5589-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics