Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Paramyxoviruses

  • Chapter
Book cover Virus-Induced Immunosuppression

Part of the book series: Infectious agents and pathogenesis ((IAPA))

  • 150 Accesses

Abstract

The family Paramyxoviridae contains three genera: paramyxoviruses, morbilliviruses, and pneumoviruses(1) (Table I). They infect a large variety of mammals and birds, but the strains are very host specific. Classification in separate genera is based on differences in hemagglutinating and neuramini dase activities, as well as in morphology. The Paramyxovirus genus includes the human pathogens, mumps virus, parainfluenza virus types 1–4, and several animal pathogens, of which Sendai virus of mice, simian virus 5 (SV5) of monkey, and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of birds are the best characterized. The genus Morbillivirus includes measles virus (MV) and three nonhuman viruses, canine distemper virus (CDV), rinderpest virus (RPV), and peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Measles virus is not included in this review, because it has been presented in Chapter 18. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and pneumonia virus of mice are members of the genus Pneumovirus. Throughout this chapter, the term paramyxoviruses) is used to describe the whole family Paramyxoviridae.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Kingsbury, D. W., M. A. Bratt, P. W. Choppin, R. P. Hanson, Y. Hosaka, V. ter Meulen, E. Norrby, W. Plowright, R. Rott, and W. H. Wunner, Paramyxoviridae, Intervirology 10:137–151 (1983).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Portner, A., The HN glycoprotein of Sendai virus: Analysis of site(s) involved in hemag-glutinating and neuraminidase activities, Virology 115:375–384 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Yewdell, J., and W. Gerhard, Delineation of four antigenic sites on a paramyxovirus glycoprotein via which monoclonal antibodies mediate distinct antiviral activities, J. Immu nol. 128:2670–2675 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Örvell, C., and E. Norrby, Immunologic properties of purified Sendai virus glycoproteins, J. Immunol. 119:1882–1887 (1977).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Blumberg, B., C. Giorgi, L. Roux, R. Raju, P. Dowling, A. Chollet, and D. Kolakofsky. Sequence determination of the Sendai virus HN gene and its comparison to the influenza virus glycoproteins, Cell 41:269–278 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hiebert, S. W., R. G. Paterson, and R. A. Lamb, Hemagglutinin neuraminidase protein of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5: Nucleotide sequence of the mRNA predicts an N-terminal membrane anchor, J. Virol. 53:1–6 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Örvell, C., and M. Grandien, The effects of monoclonal antibodies on biologic activities of structural proteins of Sendai virus, J. Immunol. 129:2779–2787 (1982).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Wertz, G. W., P. L. Collins, Y. Huang, C. Gruber, S. Levine, and L. A. Ball, Nucleotide sequence of the G protein gene of human respiratory syncytial reveals an unusual type of viral membrane protein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:4075–4079 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Elango, N., J. E. Copligan, R. C. Jambou, and S. Venkatesan, Human parainfluenza type 3 virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein: Nucleotide sequence of mRNA and limited amino acid sequence of the purified protein, J. Virol. 57:481–489 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Markwell, M. K., and C. F. Fox, Protein-protein interactions within paramyxoviruses identified by native disulfide bonding or reversible chemical cross-linking, J. Virol. 33:152–166 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Löve, A., R. Rydbeck, G. Utter, C. Örvell, K. Kristensson, and E. Norrby. Monoclonal antibodies against the fusion protein are protective in necrotizing mumps meningoen cephalitis, J. Virol. 58:220–222 (1986).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Merz, D. C., A. C. Server, M. N. Waxham, and J. S. Wolinsky, Biosynthesis of mumps virus F glycoprotein: Non-fusing strains efficiently cleave the F glycoprotein precursor, J. Gen. Virol. 64:1457–1467 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Paterson, R. G., T. J. R. Harris, and R. A. Lamb, Fusion protein of the paramyxovirus SV5: Nucleotide sequence of mRNA predicts a highly hydrophobic glycoprotein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:6706–6710 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Jambou, R. C., N. Elango, and S. Venkatesan, Proteins associated with human parainfluenza virus type 3, J. Virol. 56:298–302 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Rozenblatt, S., O. Eizenberg, R. Ben-Levy, V. Lavie, and W. J. Bellini, Sequence homology within the morbilliviruses, J. Virol. 53:684–690 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Galinsky, M. S., M. A. Mink, D. M. Lambert, S. L. Wechsler, and M. W. Pons, Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the human parainfluenza 3 virus RNA encoding the nucleocapsid protein, Virology 149:139–151 (1986).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Buetti, E., and P. V. Choppin, The transcriptase complex of the Paramyxovirus SV5, Virology 82:493–508 (1977).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mottet, G., A. Portner, and L. Roux, Drastic immunoreactivity changes between the immature and mature forms of the Sendai virus HN and Fo glycoproteins, J. Virol.. 59:132–141 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Waxham, M. N., D. C. Merz, and J. S. Wolinsky, Intracellular maturation of mumps virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein: Conformational changes detected with monoclonal antibodies, J. Virol. 59:392–400 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Prince, G. A., A. B. Jenson, R. L. Horswood, E. Camargo, and R. M. Chanock. The pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats, Am. J. Pathol. 93:771 -783 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Prince, G. A., R. L. Horswood, E. Camargo, D. Koening, and R. M. Chanock. Mechanism of immunity to respiratory syncytial virus in cotton rats, Infect. Immun. 42:81–87 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Prince, G. A., R. L. Horswood, and R. M. Chanock, Quantitative aspects of passive immunity to respiratory syncytial virus infection in infant cotton rats, J. Virol. 55:517–520 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Walsh, E. E., J. J. Schlesinger, and M. W. Brandriss, Protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies, Infect. Immun. 43:765–758 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Yanagihara, R. and K. Mcintosh. Secretory immunological response in infants and children to parainfluenza virus types 1 and 2, Infect. Immun. 30:23–28 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Mcintosh, K., H. B. Masters, I. Orr, R. K. Chao, and R. M. Barkin, The immunologic response to infection with respiratory syncytial virus in infants, J. Infect. Dis. 138:24–32 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kaul, T. N., R. C. Welliver, and P. L. Ogra, Appearance of complement components and immunoglobulins on nasopharyngeal epithelial cells following naturally acquired infec tion with respiratory syncytial virus, J. Med. Virol. 9:149–158 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Mcintosh, K., Interferon in nasal secretions from infants with viral respiratory tract infections, J. Pediatr. 93:33–36 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hall, C. B., R. G. Douglas, R. L. Simons, and J. M. Geiman, Interferon production in children with respiratory syncytial, influenza, and parainfluenza virus infections, J. Pediatr. 93:28–32 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Meurman, O., O. Ruuskanen, H. Sarkkinen, P. Hänninen, and P. Halonen, Immunoglobulin class-specific antibody response in respiratory syncytial virus infection measured by enzyme immunoassay, J. Med. Virol. 14:67–72 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Welliver, R. C., T. N. Kaul, T. I. Putnam, M. Sun, B. S. Riddlesberger, and P. L. Ogra, The antibody response to primary and secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus: Kinetics of class-specific responses, J. Pediatr. 96:808–813 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Scott, R., M. Scott, and G. L. Toms, Cellular and antibody response to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus in human colostrum, maternal blood, and cord blood, J. Med. Virol. 8:55– 66 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Vainionpää, R., O. Meurman, and H. Sarkkinen, Antibody response to respiratory syncytial virus structural proteins in children with acute respiratory syncytial virus infection, /. Virol. 53:976–979 (1985).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Ward, K. A., P. R. Lambden, M. M. Ogilvie, and P. J. Watt. Antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus polypeptides and their significance in human infection, /. Gen. Virol. 64:1867–1876 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kasel, J. A., A. L. Fran, W. A. Keitel, L. H. Taber, and W. P. Glezen, Acquistion of serum antibodies to specific viral glycoproteins of parainfluenza virus 3 in children,J. Virol. 52:828–832 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Fernald, G. W., J. R. Almond, and F. W. Henderson. Cellular and humoral immunity in recurrent respiratory syncytial virus infections, Pediatr. Res. 17:753–758 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Cranage, M. P., and P. S. Gardner, Systemic cell-mediated and antibody responses in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections, J. Med. Virol. 5:161–170 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Welliver, R. C., T. N. Kaul, M. Sun, and P. L. Ogra, Defective regulation of immune responses in respiratory syncytial virus infection, J. Immunol. 133:1925–1930 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Domurat, F., N. J. Roberts, Jr, E. E. Walsh, and R. Dagan, Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human mononuclear leukocytes in vitro and in vivo, J. Infect. Dis. 152:895–902 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kupers, T. A., J. M. Petrich, A. W. Holloway, and J. W. Geme, Jr., Depression of tuberculin delayed hypersensitivity by live attenuated mumps virus, J. Pediatr. 76:716–721 (1970).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hall, C. B., and F. S. Kantor. Depression of established delayed hypersensitivity by mumps virus, J. Immunol. 108:81–85 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Chiba, Y., K. Horino, M. Umetsu, Y. Wataya, S. Chiba, and T. Nakao, Virus excretion and antibody response in saliva in natural mumps, Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 111:229–238 (1973).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ukkonen, P., M-L. Granström, and K. Penttinen, Mumps-specific immunoglobulin M and G antibodies in natural mumps infection as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, J. Med. Virol. 8:131–142 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ukkonen, P., M-L. Granström, J. Räsänen, E-M. Salonen, and K. Penttinen, Local production of mumps IgG and IgM antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis patients, J. Med. Virol. 8:257–265 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Fryden, A., H. Link, and E. Norrby, Cerebrospinal fluid and serum immunoglobulins and antibody titers in mumps meningitis and aseptic meningitis of other etiology, Infect. Immun. 21:852–861 (1978).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Copelovici, Y., D. Strulovici, A. L. Cristea, V. Tudor, and V. Armasu, Data on the efficiency of specific anti mumps immunoglobulins in the prevention of mumps and of its complications, Rev. Roum. Med. Virol. 30:171–177 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Ilonen, J., Lymphocyte blast transformation response of seropositive and seroegative subjects to herpes simplex, rubella, mumps and measles virus antigens, Acta Pathol. Micro biol. Scand. Sect. C 87:151–157 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Ilonen, J., A. Salmi, K. Penttinen, and E. Herva, Lymphocyte blast transformation and antibody response after vaccination with inactivated mumps virus vaccine, Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. Sect. C 89:303–309 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Fryden, A., H. Link, and E. Möller, Demonstration of cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes sensitized against virus antigens in mumps meningitis, Acta Neurol. Scand. 57:396–404 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kreth, H. W., L. Kress, H. G. Kress, H. F. Ott, and G. Eckert, Demonstration of primary cytotoxic T cells in venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid of children with mumps meningitis, J. Immunol. 128:2411–2415 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kress, H. G., and H. W. Kreth, HLA restriction of secondary mumps-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, J. Immunol. 129:844–849 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Tsutsumi, H., Y. Chiba, W. Abo, S. Chiba, and T. Nakao, T-cell-mediated cytotoxic response to mumps virus in humans, Infect. Immun. 30:129–134 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Roberts, Jr., N. J., A. H. Prill, and T. N. Mann, Interleukin 1 and interleukin 1 inhibitor production by human macrophages exposed to influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus, J. Exp. Med. 163:511–519 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Borysiewicz, L. K., P. Casali, B. Rogers, S. Morris, and J. G. P. Sissons, The immunosuppressive effects of measles virus on T cell function-Failure to affect IL-2 release of cytotoxic T cell activity in vitro, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 59:29–36 (1985).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Roberts, N. J., Jr., Different effects of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and Sendai virus on human lymphocytes and macrophages, Infect. Immun. 35:1142–1146 (1982).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Nakayama, T., Immune-specific production of gamma interferon in human lymphocyte cultures in response to mumps virus, Infect. Immun. 40:486–492 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Dunnick, J. K., and G. J. Galasso, Clinical trials with exogenous interferon: Summary of a meeting, J. Infect. Dis. 139:109–123 (1979).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Aderka, D., H. Holtmann, L. Toker, T. Hahn, D. Wallach. Tumor necrosis factor induction by Sendai virus, J. Immunol. 136:2938–2942 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Brenan, M., and R. M. Zinkernagel, Influence of one virus infection on a second concurrent primary in vivo antiviral cytotoxic T-cell response, Infect. Immun. 41:470–475 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Scott, R., M. O. De Landazuri, P. S. Gardner, and J. J. T. Owen, Human antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against target cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 28:19–26 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Cranage, M. P., P. S. Gardner, and K. Mcintosh, In vitro cell-dependent lysis of respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells mediated by antibody from local respiratory secretions, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 43:28–35 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Kaul, T. N., R. C. Welliver, and P. L. Ogra, Development of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the respiratory tract after natural infection with respiratory syncytial virus, Infect. Immun. 37:492–498 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Meguro, H., M. Kervina, and P. F. Wright, Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus: Characterization of in vitro and in vivo properties, J. Immunol. 122:2521–2526 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Alsheikhly, A. R., B. Wahlin, T. Andersson, and P. Perlmann, Virus-induced enhancement of lymphocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro, J. Immunol. 132:2760–2766 (1984).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Alsheikhly, A., C. Örvell, B. Härfast, T. Andersson, P. Perlmann, and E. Norrby, Sendai-virus-induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro, Scand. J. Immunol. 17:129–138 (1983).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Alsheikhly, A-R, T. Andersson, and P. Perlmann, Virus-mediated induction in human lymphocytes of antibody-independent cytotoxicity (ADCC) against natural killer-resistant tumor target cells, Cell Immunol 88:511–520 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Alsheikhly, A. R., C. Örvell, T. Andersson, and P. Perlmann, The role of serologically defined epitopes on mumps virus HN-glycoprotein in the induction of virus-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, Scand. J. Immunol. 22:529–538 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Härfast, B., T. Andersson, V. Stejskal, and P. Perlmann, Interactions between human lymphocytes and paramyxovirus-infected cells: Adsorption and cytotoxicity, J. Immunol. 118:1132–1137 (1977).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Welsh, R., and L. A. Hallenbek, Effect of virus infections on target cell susceptibility to natural killer cell-mediated lysis, J. Immunol. 124:2491–2497 (1980).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Andersson, L. J., J. C. Hierholzer, C. Tsou, R. M. Hendry, B. F. Fernie, Y. Stone, and K. Mcintosh. Antigenic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus strains with mono clonal antibodies, J. Infect. Dis. 151:626–633 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Mufson, M. A., C. Örvell, B. Rafnar, and E. Norrby, Two distinct subtypes of human respiratory syncytial virus, J. Gen. Virol. 66:2111–2124 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Welliver, R. C., D. T. Wong, M. Sun, B. S. Middleton, Jr., R. S. Vaughan, and P. L. Ogra, The development of respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE and the release of histamine in nasopharyngeal secretions after incubation, N. Engl. J. Med. 15:841–846 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Kim, H. W., J. G. Canchola, C. D. Brandt, G. Pyles, R. M. Chanock, K. Jensen, and R. H. Parrott, Respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants despite prior administration of antigenic inactivated vaccine, Am. J. Epidemiol. 89:422–434 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Fulginiti, V. A., J. J. Eller, O. F. Sieber, J. W. Joyner, M. Minamitani, and G. Meiklejohn, Respiratory virus immunization. I. A. field trial of two inactivated respiratoy virus vaccines: An aqueous trivalent parainfluenza virus vaccine and an alumprecipitated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, Am. J. Epidemiol. 89:435–448 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  74. Chin, J., R. L. Magoffin, L. A. Shearer, J. H. Schieble, and E. H. Lennette, Field evaluation of a respiratory syncytial virus vaccine and a trivalent parainfluenza virus vaccine in a pediatric population, Am. J. Epidemiol. 89:449–463 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Penttinen, K., E-P. Helle, and E. Norrby, Differences in antibody response induced by formaldehyde inactivated and live mumps vaccines, Dev. Biol. St. 43:265–268 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Murphy, B. R., G. A. Prince, E. E. Walsh, H. W. Kim, R. H. Parrott, V. G. Hemming, W.J. Rodriguez, and R. M. Chanock, Dissociation between serum neutralizing and glycoprotein antibody responses of infants and children who received inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, J. Clin. Microbiol. 24:197–202 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Norrby, E., G. Enders-Ruckle, and V. ter Meulen, Differences in the appearance of antibodies to structural components of measles virus after immunization with inactivated and live virus, J. Infect. Dis. 132:262–269 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Prince, G. A., A. B. Jenson, V. G. Hemming, B. R. Murphy, E. E. Walsh, R. L. Horswood, and R. M. Chanock, Enchancement of respiratory syncytial virus pulmonary pathology in cotton rats by prior intramuscular inoculation of formalin-inactivated virus, /. Virol. 57:721–728 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Elango, N., G. A. Prince, B. R. Murphy, S. Venkatesan, R. M. Chanock, and B. Moss, Resistance to human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection induced by immunization of cotton rats with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the RSV G glycoprotein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:1906–1910 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Appel, M. J. G., Reversion to virulence of attenuated canine distemper virus in vivo and in vitro, J. Gen. Virol. 41:385–393 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Rossiter, P. B., and R. C. Wardley, The differential growth of virulent and avirulent strains of rinderpest virus in bovine lymphocytes and macrophages, J. Gen. Virol. 66:969– 975 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Due-Nguyen, H., and W. Henle, Replication of mumps virus in human leukocyte cultures, J. Bacteol. 92:258–265 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  83. Fleischer, B., and H. W. Kreth, Mumps virus replication in human lymphoid cell lines and in peripheral blood lymphocytes: Preference for T cells, Infect. Immun. 35:25–31 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Mangi, R. J., T. P. Munyer, S. Krakowka, R. O. Jacoby, and F. S. Kantor, A canine distemper model of virus-induced anergy,y. Infect. Dis. 133:556–563 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Kauffman, C. A., A. G. Bergman, and R. P. O’Connor, Distemper virus infection in ferrets: An animal model of immunosuppression, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 67:617–625 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  86. Kaul, T. N., H. Faden, and P. L. Ogra, Effects of respiratory syncytial virus and virus-antibody complexes on the oxidative metabolism of human neutrophils, Infect. Immun. 32:649–654 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Smith, T. F., K. Mcintosh, M. Fishaut, and P. M. Henson. Activation of complement by cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus, Infect. Immun. 33:43–48 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Jakab, G. J., and G. A. Warr, Immune-enhanced phagocytic dysfunction in pulmonary macrophages infected with parainfluenza 1 (Sendai) virus1-3, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 124:575–581 (1981).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Silverberg, B. A.,G. J. Jakab, R. G. Thompson, G. A. Warr, and K. S. Boo, Ultrastructural alterations in phagocytic functions of alveolar macrophages after parainfluenza virus infection, J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. 25:405–416 (1979).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Virology, University of Turku, SF-20520, Turku, Finland

    Raija Vainionpää & Timo Hyypiä

Authors
  1. Raija Vainionpää
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Timo Hyypiä
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33612-4799, USA

    Steven Specter  & Herman Friedman  & 

  2. Department of Biomedicine, University of Pisa, I-56100, Pisa, Italy

    Mauro Bendinelli

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Vainionpää, R., Hyypiä, T. (1989). Paramyxoviruses. In: Specter, S., Bendinelli, M., Friedman, H. (eds) Virus-Induced Immunosuppression. Infectious agents and pathogenesis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5583-0_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5583-0_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5585-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5583-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation