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Non-Equilibrium Formation of Ice in Aqueous Solutions: Efficiency of Polyalcohol Solutions for Vitrification

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The Biophysics of Organ Cryopreservation

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSA,volume 147))

Abstract

Many individual cells can now be preserved without damage in liquid nitrogen. For this, they are cooled in the presence of a cryoprotectant at an optimum cooling rate where they become surrounded by ice crystals. The cells lose water due to the resulting osmotic pressure. Their shrinkage is sufficient to avoid intracellular ice crystallization but insufficient to be damaging by itself (1). Unfortunately, attempts to preserve the major organs, such as the heart, kidney or liver of man and mammals have almost always failed until now. One of the reasons is that the interior of the organ is cooled more slowly than the exterior: the cooling rate cannot be optimum everywhere in the organ. It may be constituted of different kinds of cells requiring different cooling rates. Furthermore, as noted by Fahy (2), extracellular ice is itself damaging for the structure of the organ and can break the capillaries.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Unité INSERM 217, Département de Recherche Fondamentale, CEN.G 85X, F 38041, Grenoble, Cedex, France

    Pierre Boutron

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  1. Pierre Boutron
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. MRC Medical Cryobiology Group, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK

    David E. Pegg

  2. Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA

    Armand M. Karow Jr.

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© 1987 Plenum Press, New York

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Boutron, P. (1987). Non-Equilibrium Formation of Ice in Aqueous Solutions: Efficiency of Polyalcohol Solutions for Vitrification. In: Pegg, D.E., Karow, A.M. (eds) The Biophysics of Organ Cryopreservation. NATO ASI Series, vol 147. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5469-7_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5469-7_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5469-7

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