Abstract
SPO1 is a large virulent bacteriophage of Bacillus subtilis, first isolated from soil in Osaka, Japan (Okubo et al., 1964). Because of its complex sequence of gene action and the isolation of mutations altering that sequence, SPO1 has been an object of intensive study, which has provided fundamental insights into the mechanisms of sequential gene action. The study of other aspects of SPO1 biology has not progressed as far but has identified several interesting phenomena that require further investigation. This review will summarize current knowledge of SPO1.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alegria, A. H., Kahan, F. M., and Marmur, J., 1968, A new assay for phage hydroxymethylases and its use in Bacillus subtilis transfection, Biochemistry 7: 3179.
Alonso, J. C., Sarachu, A. N., and Grau, 0., 1981, DNA gyrase inhibitors block development of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPO1, J. Virol. 39: 855.
Aposhian, H. V., and Tremblay, G. Y., 1966, Deoxythymidylate 5’-nucleotidase. Purification and properties of an enzyme found after infection of B. subtilis with phage SP5C*, /. Biol. Chem. 241: 5095.
Arwert, F., and Veneman, G., 1974, Transfection of Bacillus subtilis with bacteriophage H1 DNA: Fate of transfecting DNA and transfection enhancement in B. subtilis uvr and uvr-strains, Mol. Gen. Genet. 128: 55.
Brennan, S. M., 1984, Ribonucleoside triphosphate concentration-dependent termination of bacteriophage SPO1 transcription in vitro by B. subtilis RNA polymerase, Virology 135: 555.
Brennan, S. M., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1983, Regions specifying transcriptional termination and pausing in the bacteriophage SPO1 terminal repeat, Nucleic Acids Res. 11: 4157.
Brennan, S. M., Chelm, B. K., Romeo, J. M., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1981, A transcriptional map of the bacteriophage SPO1 genome. II. The major early transcription units, Virology 111: 604.
Brown, N. C., 1970, 6-(p-Hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil: A selective inhibitor of host DNA replication in phage-infected Bacillus subtilis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 67: 1454.
Chelm, B. K., Romeo, J. M., Brennan, S. M., and Geiduschek, E. P., 198la, A transcriptional map of the bacteriophage SPO1 genome. III. A region of early and middle promoters Othe gene 28 region), Virology 112: 572.
Chelm, B. K., Beard, C., and Geiduschek, E. P., 198 lb, Changes in the association between Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase core and two specificity-determining subunits during transcription, Biochemistry 20: 6564.
Chelm, B. K., Duffy, J. J., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1982a, Interaction of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase core with two specificity-determining subunits, I. Biol. Chem. 257: 6501.
Chelm, B. K., Greene, J. R., Beard, C., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1982b, The transition between early and middle gene expression in the development of phage SPO1: Physiological and biochemical aspects, in: Molecular Cloning and Gene Regulation in Bacilli ( A. T. Ganesan, S. Chang, and J. A. Hoch, eds.), pp. 345–395, Academic Press, New York.
Chiu, C.-S., Tomich, P. K., and Greenberg, G. R., 1976, Simultaneous initiation of synthesis of bacteriophage T4 DNA and of deoxyribonucleotides, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73: 757.
Choy, H. A., Romeo, J. M., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1986, Activity of a phage-modified RNA polymerase at hybrid promoters: Effects of substituting thymine for hydroxymethyluracil in a phage SPO1 middle promoter, J. Mol. Biol. 191: 59.
Coene, M., Hoet, P., and Cocito, C., 1983, Physical map of phage 2C DNA: Evidence for the existence of large redundant ends, Eur. J. Biochem. 132: 69.
Costanzo, M. C., 1983, Bacteriophage SPO1 regulatory genes, Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Costanzo, M., and Pero, J., 1983, Structure of a Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPO1 gene encoding a RNA polymerase 4) factor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 1236.
Costanzo, M., and Pero, J., 1984, Overproduction and purification of a bacteriophage SPO1-encoded RNA polymerase sigma factor, I. Biol. Chem. 259: 6681.
Costanzo, M., Hannett, N., Brzustowicz, L., and Pero, J., 1983, Bacteriophage SPO1 gene 27: Location and nucleotide sequence, I. Virol. 48: 555.
Costanzo, M., Brzustowicz, L., Hannett, N., and Pero, J., 1984, Bacteriophage SPO1 genes 33 and 34. Location and primary structure of genes encoding regulatory subunits of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase, /. Mol. Biol. 180: 533.
Cregg, J. M., and Stewart, C. R., 1977, Timing of initiation of DNA replication in SPO1 infection of Bacillus subtilis, Virology 80: 289.
Cregg, J. M., and Stewart, C. R., 1978, Terminal redundancy of “high frequency of recombination” markers of Bacillus subtilis phage SPO1, Virology 86: 530.
Curran, J. F., and Stewart, C. R., 1985a, Cloning and mapping of the SPO1 genome, Virology 142: 78.
Curran, J. F., and Stewart, C. R., 1985b, Transcription of Bacillus subtilis plasmid pBD64 and expression of bacteriophage SPO1 genes cloned therein, Virology 142: 98.
Davison, P. F., 1963, The structure of bacteriophage SP8, Virology 21: 146.
Davison, P. F., Freifelder, D., and Holloway, B. W., 1964, Interruptions in the polynucleotide strands in bacteriophage DNA, J. Mol. Biol. 8: 1.
DeAntoni, G. L., Besso, N. E., Zanassi, G. E., Sarachu, A. N., and Grau, O., 1985, Bacterio- phage SPO1 DNA polymerase and the activity of viral gene 31, Virology 143: 16.
Downard, J. S., and Whiteley, H. R., 1981, Early RNAs in SP82- and SPO1-infected Bacillus subtilis may be processed, J. Virol. 37: 1075.
Duffy, J. J., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1973, Transcription specificity of an RNA polymerase fraction from bacteriophage SPO1-infected B. subtilis, FEBS Lett. 34: 172.
Duffy, J. J., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1975, RNA polymerase from phage SPO1-infected and uninfected Bacillus subtilis, J. Biol. Chem. 250: 4530.
Duffy, J. J., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1977, Purification of a positive regulatory subunit from phage SPO1-modified RNA polymerase, Nature 270: 28.
Duffy, J. J., Petrusek, R. L., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1975, Conversion of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase activity in vitro by a protein induced by phage SPO1, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72: 2366.
Dunham, L. T., and Price, A. R., 1974a, Deoxythymidine triphosphate-deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase induced by Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage fie, Biochemistry 13: 2667.
Dunham, L. T., and Price, A. R., 1974b, Mutants of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage 4)e defective in dTTP-dUTP nucleotidohydrolase, J. Virol. 14: 709.
Epstein, H. T., and Mahler, I., 1968, Mechanisms of enhancement of SP82 transfection. /. Virol. 2: 710.
Ferrari, E., Siccardi, A. G., Galizzi, A., Canosi, U., and Mazza, G., 1977, Host cell reactivation of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages, /. Bacteriol. 131: 382.
Fox, T. D., 1976, Identification of phage SPO1 proteins coded by regulatory genes 33 and 34, Nature 262: 748.
Fox, T. D., and Pero, J., 1974, New phage-SPO1-induced polypeptides associated with Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71: 2761.
Fox, T. D., Losick, R., and Pero, J., 1976, Regulatory gene 28 of bacteriophage SPO1 codes for a phage-induced subunit of RNA polymerase, J. Mol. Biol. 101: 427.
Fujita, D. J., 1971, Studies on conditional lethal mutants of bacteriophage SPO1, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Chicago, Chicago.
Fujita, D. J., Ohlsson-Wilhelm, B. M., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1971, Transcription during bacteriophage SPO1 development: Mutations affecting the program of viral transcription, J. Mol. Biol. 57: 301.
Gage, L. P., and Fujita, D. J., 1969, Effect of nalidixic acid on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in bacteriophage SPO1-infected Bacillus subtilis, J. Bacteriol. 98: 96.
Gage, L. P., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1971a, RNA synthesis during bacteriophage SPO1 development: Six classes of SPO1 RNA, /. Mol. Biot. 57: 279.
Gage, L. P., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1971b, RNA synthesis during bacteriophage SPO1 development. II. Some modulations and prerequisites of the transcription program, Virology 44: 200.
Geiduschek, E. P., and Ito, J., 1982, Regulatory mechanisms in the development of lytic bacteriophages in Bacillus subtilis, in: The Molecular Biology of Bacilli I (D. A. Dubnau, ed.), pp. 203–245, Academic Press, New York.
Geiduschek, E. P., and Sklar, J., 1969, Continual requirement for a host RNA polymerase component in a bacteriophage development, Nature (Lond.) 221: 833.
Geiduschek, E. P., Armelin, M. C. S., Petrusek, R., Beard, C., Duffy, J. J., and Johnson, G. G., 1977, Effects of the transcription inhibitory protein, TF1, on phage SPO1 promoter complex formation and stability, J. Mol. Biol. 117: 825.
Gitt, M. A., Wang, L.-F., and Doi, R. H., 1985, A strong sequence homology exists between the major RNA polymerase a factors of B. subtilis and E. coli, I. Biol. Chem. 260: 7178.
Glassberg, J., Slomiany, R. A., and Stewart, C. R., 1977a, Selective screening procedure for the isolation of heat-and cold-sensitive, DNA replication-deficient mutants of bacteriophage SPO1 and preliminary characterization of the mutants isolated, /. Virol. 21: 54.
Glassberg, J., Franck, M., and Stewart, C. R., 1977b, Initiation and termination mutants of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPO1, /. Virol. 21: 147.
Glassberg, J., Franck, M., and Stewart, C. R., 1977e, Multiple origins of replication for Bacillus subtilis phage SPO1, Virology 78: 433.
Green, D. M., 1964, Infectivity of DNA isolated from Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SP82, 1. Mol. Biol. 10: 438.
Green, D. M., 1966, Intracellular inactivation of infective SP82 bacteriophage DNA, J. Mol. Biol. 22: 1.
Green, D. M., and Laman, D., 1972, Organization of gene function in Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SP82G, /. Virol. 9: 1033.
Greene, J. R., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1985a, Site-specific DNA binding by the bacteriophage SPO1-encoded type II DNA binding protein, EMBO I. 4: 1345.
Greene, J. R., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1985b, Interaction of a virus-coded type II DNA binding protein, in: Sequence Specificity in Transcription and Translation (R. Calendar, ed.), pp. 255–269, Alan R. Liss, New York.
Greene, J. R., Chelm, B. K., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1982, SPO1 gene 27 is required for viral late transcription, J. Virol. 41: 715.
Greene, J. R., Brennan, S. M., Andrew, D. J., Thompson, C. C., Richards, S. H., Heinrikson, R. L., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1984, Sequence of bacteriophage SPO1 gene coding for transcription factor 1, a viral homologue of the bacterial type II DNA-binding proteins, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 7031.
Greene, J. R., Morrissey, L. M., Foster, L. M., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1986, DNA binding by the bacteriophage SPO1-encoded type II DNA-binding protein, TF1: Formation of nested complexes at a selective binding site, J. Biol. Chem. 261: 1 2820.
Greene, J. R., Appelt, K., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1987, Prokaryotic chromatin: Site-selective and genome-specific DNA-binding by a virus-coded type II DNA-binding protein, in: DNA: Protein Interactions and Gene Regulation ( E. B. Thompson and J. Papaconstantinou, eds.), pp. 57–65, University of Texas Press, Austin.
Gribskov, M., and Burgess, R. R., 1986, Sigma proteins from E. coli, B. subtilis, phage SPO1 and T4 are homologous proteins, Nucleic Acids Res. 14: 6745.
Haslam, E. A., Roscoe, D. H., and Tucker, R. G., 1967, Inhibition of thymidylate synthetase
in bacteriophage-infected Bacillus subtilis Biochim. Biophys. Acta 134:312.
Heintz, N., and Shub, D. A., 1982, Transcriptional regulation of bacteriophage SPO1 protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro, J. Virol. 42: 951.
Hemphill, H. E., and Whiteley, H. R., 1975, Bacteriophages of Bacillus subtilis, Bacteriol. Rev. 39: 257.
Hiatt, W. R., and Whiteley, H. R., 1978, Translation of RNAs synthesized in vivo and in vitro from bacteriophage SP82 DNA, J. Virol. 25: 616.
Hoet, P., Fraselle, G., and Cocito, C., 1976, Recombinational-type transfer of viral DNA during bacteriophage 2C replication in Bacillus subtilis, J. Virol. 17: 718.
Hoet, P. P., Fraselle, G., and Cocito, C., 1979, Discontinuous duplication of both strands of virus 2C DNA, Mol. Gen. Genet. 171: 43.
Hoet, P., Coene, M., and Cocito, C., 1983, Comparison of the physical maps and redundant
ends of the chromosomes of phages 2C, SPO1, SP82 and 4e, Eur. J. Biochem. 132:63. Johnson, G. G., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1972, Purification of the bacteriophage SPO1 tran-scription factor 1 J. Biol. Chem. 247 :3571.
Johnson, G. G., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1977, Specificity of the weak binding between the phage SPO1 transcription-inhibitory protein, TF1, and SPO1 DNA, Biochemistry 16: 1473.
Johnson, W. C., Moran, C. P., and Losick, R., 1983, Two RNA polymerase sigma factors from Bacillus subtilis discriminate between overlapping promoters for a developmentally related gene. Nature 302: 800.
Kahan, E., 1966, A genetic study of temperature-sensitive mutants of the subtilis phage SP82, Virology 30: 650.
Kahan, E., 1971, Early and late gene function in bacteriophage SP82, Virology 46: 634.
Kallen, R. G., Simon, M., and Marmur, J., 1962, The occurrence of a new pyrimidine basereplacing thymine in a bacteriophage DNA: 5-hydroxymethyl uracil, J. Mol. Biol. 5: 248.
King, J. J., and Green, D. M., 1977, Inhibition of nuclease activity in Bacillus subtilis following infection w ith bacteriophage SP82G, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 74: 492.
Komberg, A., 1980, DNA Replication, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.
Kunitani, M. G., and Santi, D. V., 1980, On the mechanism of 2’-deoxyuridylate hydroxymethylase, Biochemistry 19: 1271.
Lavi, U., Nattenberg, A., Ronen, A., and Marcus, M., 1974, Bacillus subtilis DNA polymerase III is required for the replication of virulent bacteriophage 4e, J. Virol. 14: 1337.
Lawrie, J. M., and Whiteley, H. R., 1977, A physical map of bacteriophage SP82 DNA, Gene 2: 233.
Lawrie, J. M., Downard, J. S., and Whiteley, H. R., 1978, Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages SP82, SPO1 and 4e: A comparison of DNAs and of peptides synthesized during infection, J. Virol. 27: 725.
Lee, G., and Pero, J., 1981, Conserved nucleotide sequences in temporally controlled bacteriophage promoters, J. Mol. Biol. 152: 247.
Lee, G., Talkington, C., and Pero, J., 1980a, Nucleotide sequence of a promoter recognized by Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase, Mol. Gen. Genet. 180: 57.
Lee, G., Hannett, N. M., Korman, A., and Pero, J., 1980b, Transcription of cloned DNA from Bacillus subtilis phage SPO1. Requirement for hydroxymethyluracil-containing DNA by phage-modified RNA polymerase, J. Mol. Biol. 139: 407.
Levinthal, C., Hosoda, J., and Shub, D., 1967, The control of protein synthesis after phage infection, in: The Molecular Biology of Viruses (J. S. Colter and W. Paranchych, eds.), pp. 71–87, Academic Press, New York.
Levner, M. H., 1972a, Replication of viral DNA in SPO1-infected Bacillus subtilis. II. DNA maturation during aborative infection, Virology 48: 417.
Levner, M. H., 1972b, Eclipse of viral DNA infectivity in SPO1-infected Bacillus subtilis, Virology 5n: 267.
Levner, M. H., and Cozzarelli, N. R., 1972, Replication of viral DNA in SPO1-infected Bacillus subtilis. I. Replicative intermediates, Virology 48: 402.
Liljemark, W. F., and Anderson, D. L., 1970, Structure of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage 0925 and 0925 deoxyribonucleic acid, J. Virol. 6: 107.
Losick, R., and Pero, J., 1981, Cascades of sigma factors. Cell 25: 582.
Marcus, M., and Newlon, M. C., 1971, Control of DNA synthesis in Bacillus subtilis by 09e, Virology 44: 83.
Marmur, J., and Greenspan, C. M., 1963, Transcription in vivo of DNA from bacteriophage SP8, Science 142: 387.
Marmur, J., Greenspan, C. M., Palecek, E., Kahan, F. M., Levine, J., and Mandel, M., 1963, Specificity of the complementary RNA formed by Bacillus subtilis infected with bacteriophage SP8, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 28: 191.
McAllister, W. T., 1970, Bacteriophage infection: Which end of the SP82G genome goes in first? J. Virol. 5: 194.
McAllister, W. T., and Green, D. M., 1972, Bacteriophage SP82G inhibition of intracellular deoxyribonucleic acid inactivation process in Bacillus subtilis, J. Virol. 10: 51.
Nishihara, M., Chrambach, A., and Aposhian, H. V., 1967, The deoxycytidylate deaminase found in Bacillus subtilis infected with phage SP8, Biochemistry 6: 1877.
Okubo, S., Strauss, B., and Stodolsky, M., 1964, The possible role of recombination in the infection of competent Bacillus subtilis by bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid, Virology 24: 552.
Okubo, S., Yanagida, T., Fujita, D. J., and Ohlsson-Wilhelm, B. M., 1972, The genetics of bacteriophage SPO1, Biken J. 15: 81.
Panganiban, A. T., and Whiteley, H. R., 1981, Analysis of bacteriophage SP82 major “early” in vitro transcripts, /. Virol. 37: 372.
Panganiban, A. T., and Whiteley, H. R., 1983a, Purification and properties of a new Bacillus subtilis RNA processing enzyme, /. Biol. Chem. 258: 1 2487.
Panganiban, A. T., and Whiteley, H. R., 1983b, Bacillus subtilis RNAase III cleavage sites in phage SP82 early mRNA, Cell 33: 907.
Parker, M. L., 1979, Structure and composition of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPO1, Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Los Angeles.
Parker, M. L., and Eiserling, F. A., 1983a, Bacteriophage SPO1 structure and morphogenesis. I. Tail structure and length regulation, J. Virol. 46: 239.
Parker, M. L., and Eiserling, F. A., 1983b, Bacteriophage SPO1 structure and morphogenesis. III. SPO1 proteins and synthesis, J. Virol. 46: 260.
Parker, M. L., Ralston, E. J., and Eiserling, F. A., 1983, Bacteriophage SPO1 structure and morphogenesis. II. Head structure and DNA size, J. Virol. 46: 250.
Pene, J. J., and Marmur, J., 1967, Deoxyribonucleic acid replication and expression of early and late bacteriophage functions in Bacillus subtilis, I. Virol. 1: 86.
Perkus, M. E., and Shub, D. A., 1985, Mapping the genes in the terminal redundancy of bacteriophage SPO1 with restriction endonucleases, /. Virol. 56: 40.
Pero, J., 1983, A procaryotic model for the developmental control of gene expression, in: Gene Structure and Regulation in Development (S. Subtelny and F. C. Kafatos, eds.), pp. 227–233, Alan R. Liss, New York.
Pero, J., Tjian, R., Nelson, J., and Losick, R., 1975, In vitro transcription of a late class of phage SPO1 genes, Nature 257: 248.
Pero, J., Hannett, N. M., and Talkington, C., 1979, Restriction cleavage map of SPO1 DNA: General location of early, middle, and late genes, J. Virol. 31: 156.
Piggot, P. J., and Hoch, J. A., 1985, Revised genetic linkage map of Bacillus subtilis, Microbiol. Rev. 49: 158.
Price, A. R., Dunham, L. F., and Walker, R. L., 1972, Thymidine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase and deoxyuridylate hydroxymethylase induced by mutants of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SP82G, /. Virol. 10: 1240.
Rabussay, D., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1977, Regulation of gene action in the development of lytic bacteriophages, in: Comprehensive Virology 8 ( H. Fraenkel-Conrat and R. R. Wagner, eds.), pp. 1–196, Plenum Press, New York.
Ratner, D., 1974, The interaction of bacterial and phage proteins with immobilized Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, /. Mol. Biol. 88: 373.
Reeve, J. N., Mertens, G., and Amann, E, 1978, Early development of bacteriophages SPO1 and SP82G in minicells of Bacillus subtilis, J. Mol. Biol. 120: 183.
Romeo, J. M., Brennan, S. M., Chelm, B. K., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1981, A transcriptional map of the bacteriophage SPO1 genome. I. The major early promoters, Virology 111: 588.
Roscoe, D. H., 1969a, Synthesis of DNA in phage-infected B. subtilis, Virology 38:527. Roscoe, D. H., 1969b, Thymidine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase: A phage-induced enzyme in Bacillus subtilis, Virology 38: 520.
Roscoe, D. H., and Tucker, R. G., 1964, The biosynthesis of a pyrimidine replacing thymine in bacteriophage DNA, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 16: 106.
Rosenberg, M., and Court, D., 1979, Regulatory sequences involved in the promotion and termination of RNA transcription. Annu. Rev. Gen. 13: 319.
Sarachu, A. N., Anon, M. C., and Grau, 0., 1978, Bacteriophage SPO1 development: Defects in a gene 31 mutant, J. Virol. 27: 483.
Sarachu, A. N., Alonso, J. C., and Grau, 0., 1980, Novobiocin blocks the shutoff of SPO1 early transcription, Virology 105: 13.
Shub, D. A., 1966, Functional stability of messenger RNA during bacteriophage develop-ment, Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Shub, D. A., 1975, Nature of the suppressor of Bacillus subtilis HA101B, J. Bacteriol. 122: 788.
Shub, D. A., and Johnson, G. G., 1975, Bacteriophage SPO1 DNA- and RNA-directed protein synthesis in vitro: The effect of TF-1, a template-selective transcription inhibitor, Mol. Gen. Genet. 137: 161.
Shub, D. A., Swanton, M., and Smith, D. H., 1979, The nature of transcription selectivity of bacteriophage SPO1-modified RNA polymerase, Mol. Gen. Genet. 172: 193.
Sinha, N. K., Morais, C. F., and Alberts, B. M., 1980, Efficient in vitro replication of double-stranded DNA templates by purified T4 bacteriophage replication system, J. Biol. Chem. 255: 4290.
Spiegelman, G. B., and Whiteley, H. R., 1974, In vivo and in vitro transcription by ribonucleic acid polymerase from SP82-infected Bacillus subtilis, /. Biol. Chem. 249: 1483.
Stetler, G. L., King, G. J., and Huang, W. M., 1979, T4 DNA-delay proteins, required for specific DNA replication, form a complex that has ATP-dependent DNA topoisomerase activity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 3737.
Stewart, C. R., 1984, Dissection of HA20, a double mutant of bacteriophage SPO1, J. Virol. 49: 300.
Stewart, C. R., and Franck, M., 1981, Predominance of bacteriophage SP82 over bacteriophage SPO1 in mixed infections of Bacillus subtilis, J. Virol. 38: 1081.
Stewart, C. R., and Marmur, J., 1970, Increase in lytic activity in competent cells of Bacillus subtilis after uptake of deoxyribonucleic acid, /. Bacteriol. 101: 449.
Stewart, C. R., Cater, M., and Click, B., 1971, Lysis of Bacillus subtilis by bacteriophage SP82 in the absence of DNA synthesis, Virology 46: 327.
Stewart, C. R., Click, B., and Tole, M. F., 1972, DNA replication and late protein synthesis during SP82 infection of Bacillus subtilis, Virology 50: 653.
Stewart, G. C., and Bott, K. F., 1983, DNA sequence of the tandem ribosomal RNA promoter for B. subtilis operon rrnB, Nucleic Acids Res. 11: 6289.
Sugino, A., and Bott, K. F., 1980, Bacillus subtilis deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase, /. Bacteriol. 141: 1331.
Swanton, M., Smith, D. H., and Shub, D. A., 1975, Synthesis of specific functional messenger RNA in vitro by phage-SPO1 modified RNA polymerase of Bacillus subtilis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72: 4886.
Talkington, C., and Pero, J., 1977, Restriction fragment analysis of temporal program of bacteriophage SPO1 transcription and its control by phage-modified RNA polymerases, Virology 83: 365.
Talkington, C., and Pero, J., 1978, Promoter recognition by phage SPO1-modified RNA polymerasc, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75: 1185.
Talkington, C., and Pero, J., 1979, Distinctive nucleotide sequences of promoters recognized by RNA polymerase containing a phage-coded “cr-like” protein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 5465.
Tanaka, I., Appelt, K., Dijk, J., White, S. W., and Wilson, K. S., 1984, 3-A resolution of a protein with histone-like properties in prokaryotes, Nature 310: 376.
Tomich, P. K., Chiu, C.-S., Wovcha, M. G., and Greenberg, G. R., 1974, Evidence for a complex regulating the in vivo activation of early enzymes induced by bacteriophage T4, /. Biol. Chem. 249: 7613.
Truffaut, N., Revet, B., and Soulie, M. O., 1970, Etude comparative des DNA de phages 2C, SP8, SP82, fie, SPOI et SP50, /. Biochem. 15: 391.
Watson, J. D., 1972, Origin of concatemeric T7 DNA, Nature New Biol. 239: 197.
Webb, V. B., and Spiegelman, G. B., 1984, Ribosomal RNA synthesis in uninfected and SPO lam 34 infected B. subtilis, Mol. Gen. Genet. 194: 98.
Wilhelm, J. M., Johnson, G., Haselkorn, R., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1972, Specific inhibition of bacteriophage SPO1 DNA-directed protein synthesis by the SPOT transcription factor, TF1, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 46: 1970.
Wilson, D. L., and Gage, L. P., 1971, Certain aspects of SPO1 development, /. Mol. Biot. 57: 297.
Wilson, D. L., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1969, A template-selective inhibitor of in vitro transcription, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 62: 514.
Wu, R., and Geiduschek, E. P., 1975, The role of replication proteins in the regulation of bacteriophage T4 transcription, /. Mol. Biol. 96: 513.
Yansura, D. G., and Henner, D. J., 1984, Use of the Escherichia coli lac repressor and operator to control gene expression in Bacillus subtilis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 439.
Yehle, C. O., and Ganesan, A. T., 1972, Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in bacteriophage SPO1-infected Bacillus subtilis. I. Bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and fate of host deoxyribonucleic acid in normal and polymerase-deficient strains, I. Virol. 9: 263.
Yehle, C. O., and Ganesan, A. T., 1973, Deoxyribonucleic synthesis in bacteriophage SPOIinfected Bacillus subtilis. II. Purification and catalytic properties of a deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase induced after infection, /. Biol. Chem. 248: 7456.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stewart, C. (1988). Bacteriophage SPO1. In: Calendar, R. (eds) The Bacteriophages. The Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5424-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5424-6_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5426-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5424-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive