Abstract
Recent findings by novel techniques severely challenge so many key aspects of earlier models of autonomic neurotransmission (Burnstock, 1986a) that mere revision is not enough — an entirely new paradigm is required (Stjärne, 1986,1987). The present paper describes the microanatomical aspects of the new model as applied to the guinea-pig and mouse vas deferens. These tissues are selected for two reasons: First, they are uniquely well suited for combined biochemical and electrophysiological analysis of the secretory activity in single sympathetic nerve varicosities (Blakeley and Cunnane, 1979; Stjärne, 1985). Second, since their smooth muscle cells have a dual autonomic innervation (Burnstock, 1970) they permit study of interactions between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous control of smooth muscle. Due to the limited space the discussion is brief and references are often given to review articles rather than to original papers.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bennett M.R. (1973) Structure and electrical properties of the autonomic neuromuscular junction. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 265, 25–34.
Bevan J.A., Chesher G.B. and Su C:. (1969) Release of adrenergic transmitter from terminal plexus in artery. Agents and Actions 1, 20–26.
Birmingham, A.T. (1966) The potentiation by anticholinesterase drugs of the responses of the guinea-pig isolated vas deferens to alternate preganglionic and postganglionic stimulation. Br. J. Pharmac., 27, 145–156.
Blakeley A.G.N. and Cunnane T.C. (1979) The packeted release of transmitter from the sympathetic nerves of the guinea-pig vas deferens: An electrophysiological study. J. Physiol. Lond., 296, 85–96.
Blakeley A.G.H., Mathie A. and Petersen S.A. (1984) Facilitation at single release sites of a sympathetic neuroeffector junction in the mouse. J. Physiol. Lond., 349, 57–71.
Bolton T.B. and Large W.A. (1986) Are junction potentials essential? Dual mechanism of smooth muscle cell activation by transmitter released from autonomic nerves. Quart. J. Exp. Physiol., 71, 1–28.
Burnstock, G. (1970) Structure of smooth muscle and its innervation. In Smooth Muscle (eds. Bülbring, E., Brading, A.F., Jones, A.W. and Tornita, T. ), pp. 1–70. Edward Arnold, London.
Burnstock G. (1986a) The changing face of autonomic neurotransmission. Acta physiol. scand., 126, 67–92.
Burnstock G. (1986b) Autonomic neuromuscular junctions: current developments and future directions. J. Anat., 146, 1–30.
Cunnane T.C. and Stjärne L. (1984) Transmitter secretion from individual varicosities of guinea-pig and mouse vas deferens: Highly intermittent and monoquantal. Neuroscience, 13, 1–20.
Folkow B. and Häggendal J. (1970) Some aspects of the quantal release of the adrenergic transmitter. In Bayer-Symposium II, (eds. Schumann, H.J. and Kroneberg, G.), pp.91–97.Springer-Verlag.
Fried, G., Terenius, L., Brodin, E., Efendic, S., Dockray, G., Fahrenkrug, J., Goldstein, M. and Hökfelt, T. (1986) Neuropeptide Y, enkephalin and oradrenaline coexist in sympathetic neurons innervating the bovine spleen. Cell Tissue Res., 243, 495–508.
Furness J.B. (1970) The excitatory input to a single smooth muscle cell. Pflügers Arch., 314, 1–13.
Hackett J.T., Jackson H. and Rubel E.W. (1982) Synaptic excitation of the second and third order auditory neurons in the avian brain stem. Neuroscience, 7, 1455–1469.
Hirst: G.D.S. and Neild T.O. (1980) Some properties of spontaneous excitatory junction potentials recorded from arterioles of guinea-pig. J. Physiol. Lond., 303, 43–60.
Hökfelt T. (1969) Distribution of noradrenaline storing particles in peripheral adrenergic neurons as revealed by electron microscopy. Acta physiol. scand. 76, 427–440.
Jack J.J., Redman S.J. and Wong K. (1981) The components of synaptic potentials evoked in cat spinal motoneurones by impulses in single group la afferents. J. Physiol. Lond., 321, 65–96.
Kadlec O., Maack K. and Seferna I. (1984) The topography of posttetanic potentiation in guinea-pig ileum. Experientia, 40, 404–406.
Korn H. (1984) What central inhibitory pathways tell us about mechanisms of transmitter release. Exp. Brain Res., Suppl. 9, pp. 201–224.
Langer S.Z. Presynaptic regulation of the release of catecholamines. Pharmac. Rev., 32, 337–362.
Lundberg J.M. and Hökfelt T. (1986) Multiple co-existence of peptides and classical transmitter in peripheral autonomic and sensory neuronsfunctional and pharmacological implications. Progr. Brain Res., 68, 241–262.
Sjöstrand N.O. (1980) Smooth muscles of vas deferens and other organs in the male reproductive tract. In Smooth Muscle (eds. Bülbring, A., Brading, A.F., Jones, A.-W. and Tornita, T.), pp. 367–376. Edward Arnold, London.
Smith A.D. and Winkler H. (1972) Fundamental mechanisms in the release of catecholamines. In Catecholamines. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (eds. Blaschko, H. and Muscholl, E.), Vol. 33, pp. 538–617. Springer Berlin.
Sneddon P. and Westfall D.P. (1984) Pharmacological evidence that adenosine triphosphate and noradrenaline are co-transmitters in the guinea-pig vas deferens. J. Physiol. Lond. 347, 561–580.
Stjärne, L. (1975) Pre-and postjunctional receptor-mediated cholinergic interactions with adrenergic transmission in guinea-pig vas deferens. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol., 288, 305–310.
Stjärne L. (1985) Scope and mechanisms of control of stimulus-secretion coupling in single varicosities of sympathetic nerves. Clinical Science, 68, (Suppl. 10), 77s - 81s.
Stjärne L. (1986) New paradigm: Sympathetic neurotransmission by lateral interaction between secretory units intermittently releasing single mixed quanta? News in Physiological Sciences, 1, 103–107.
Stjärne L. (1987) New paradigm: A digital model of feedback regulation of sympathetic neurotransmitter secretion. In Proc. 4th Symposium on Vasodilator Mechanisms, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, July 10–12 1986. In press.
Stjärne, L. and Lundberg, J.M. (1986) On the possible roles of noradrenaline, adenosine 5’-triphosphate and neuropeptide Y as sympathetic cotransmitters in the mouse vas deferens. Progr. Brain Res., 68, 263–278.
Stjärne L. and Astrand P. (1984) Discrete events measure single quanta of ATP secreted from sympathetic nerves of guinea-pig and mouse vas deferens. Neuroscience, 13, 21–28.
Stjärne L. and Astrand P. (1985) Relative pre-and postjunctional roles of noradrenaline and adenosine 5’-triphosphate as neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nerves of guinea-pig and mouse vas deferens. Neuroscience, 14, 929–946.
Stjärne L., Lundberg J.M. and Astrand P. (1986) Neuropeptide Y–a cotransmitter with noradrenaline and adenosine 5’-triphosphate in the sympathetic nerves of the mouse vas deferens? A biochemical, physiological and electropharmacological study. Neuroscience, 18, 151–166.
Vizi E.S. (1985) Non-synaptic Interactions Between Neurons: Modulation of Neurochemical Transmission. Wiley, Chichester.
Zhu P.C., Thuresson-Klein A. and Klein R.L. (1986) Exocytosis from large dense cored vesicles outside the active synaptic zones of terminal subnucleus caudalis: a possible mechanism for neuropeptide release. Neuroscience, 19, 43–54.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 The Wenner-Gren Center
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stjärne, L. (1987). New Paradigm: Autonomic Neurotransmission by Multiple Interaction between Sites Intermittently Secreting Single Mixed Quanta. In: Fuxe, K., Agnati, L.F. (eds) Receptor-Receptor Interactions. Wenner-Gren Center International Symposium Series. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5415-4_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5415-4_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5417-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5415-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive