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Ion Transport through Ligand-Gated Channels

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Book cover Membrane Transport Processes in Organized Systems

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Abstract

Channels are integral membrane proteins that permit charged species to traverse the lipid bilayers of cells by providing a water-filled pathway through which ions may pass. All cell types face the problem of how to regulate the transport of ions across the inhospitable hydrophobic environment of the cell membrane, and they all solve this problem in part by employing channels of various sorts. Channels generally have several characteristics:

  1. 1.

    Ion flow through channels is a passive—though possibly complex—process that derives the energy for ion flux solely from concentration gradients of the ion species moving through the channel. Ion motion is much like that in free diffusion but may be complicated by ion-ion and ion-protein interactions.

  2. 2.

    Channels are selective in that only certain ion species are permitted to pass through. Different types of channels exist, and each channel type generally has its characteristic selectivity. For example, one channel species might allow a Na+ flux and exclude K+ ions whereas another sort of channel would accept K+ ions and not Na+ ions.

  3. 3.

    Ion flux is regulated by the channel. A usual form of regulation is termed gating, in which case a pore through which ions can pass is opened and closed by conformational changes in the channel protein. Another form of regulation occurs when a cell controls the number and distribution of channels by metabolic or other means.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA

    Richard W. Aldrich & Charles F. Stevens

  2. Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA

    Vincent E. Dionne

  3. Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA

    Edward Hawrot

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA

    Thomas E. Andreoli M.D.  & Stanley G. Schultz M.D.  & 

  2. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Joseph F. Hoffman Ph.D.

  3. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

    Darrell D. Fanestil M.D.

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Aldrich, R.W., Dionne, V.E., Hawrot, E., Stevens, C.F. (1987). Ion Transport through Ligand-Gated Channels. In: Andreoli, T.E., Hoffman, J.F., Fanestil, D.D., Schultz, S.G. (eds) Membrane Transport Processes in Organized Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5404-8_7

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