Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Involvement of Nucleotides in Protein Synthesis Initiation

  • Chapter
Book cover Translational Regulation of Gene Expression

Abstract

The process of protein synthesis initiation in eukaryotes is very complex, requiring more than a dozen factors made up of over 30 polypeptide chains. This process is outlined in Fig. 1, and some of the physical characteristics of the initiation factors are listed in Table I. These summaries represent the efforts of many laboratories, and the reader is referred to several recent reviews1–5 to obtain a more detailed description of the entire process that requires binding of the initiator Met-transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) to 40 S ribosomal subunits followed by the addition of the 60 S subunit to yield an 80 S initiation complex. The purpose of this chapter is to focus more on the nucleotide requirements for the process of initiation, the requirement for GTP to bind the initiator tRNA, and the requirement for ATP to bind mRNA to 40 S ribosomal subunits. The chapter presents results that have been obtained with mammalian systems (rabbit reticulocytes or HeLa cells) that are thought in general to reflect the properties of components of the eukaryotic translational machinery. While in large part this seems to be true, it is clear that several minor differences do exist between mammalian systems and yeast, wheat germ, or brine shrimp. The data presented from our laboratory were obtained through the use exclusively of rabbit reticulocyte proteins.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Moldave, K., Grossman L. (eds.), 1979, Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 60, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Benne, R., Hershey, J. W. B., 1978, J. Biol. Chem. 253: 3078–3087.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kozak, M., 1983, Microbiol. Rev. 47: 1–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Voorma, H. O., Goumans, H., Amesz, H., Benne, R., 1983, Curr. Top. Cell. Regul. 22: 51–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Moldave, K., 1985, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 54: 1109–1149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lloyd, M. A., Osborne, J. C., Jr., Safer, B., Powell, G. M., Merrick, W. C., 1980, J. Biol. С hem. 255: 1189–1193.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Barrieux, A., Rosenfeld, M. G., 1977, J. Biol. Chem. 252: 3843–3847.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Carvalho, J. F., Carvalho, M. G., Merrick, W. C., 1984, Arch. Bicohem. Biophys. 234: 591–602.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Carvalho, M. G., Carvalho, J. F., Merrick, W. C., 1984, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 234: 603–611.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kurchalia, T. V., Bommer, U. A., Babkina, G. T., Karpova, G. G., 1984, FEBS Lett. 175: 313–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Nygard, O., Westermann, P., Hultin, T., 1980, FEBS Lett. 113: 125–128.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Westermann, P., Nygard, O., Bielka, H., 1981, Nucleic Acids Res. 9: 2387–2396.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Merrick, W. C., Kemper, W. M., Anderson, W. F., 1975, J. Biol. Chem. 250: 5556–5562.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Merrick, W. C., 1979, J. Biol. Chem. 254: 3708–3711.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Peterson, D. T., Safer, B., Merrick, W. C., 1979, J. Biol. Chem. 254: 7730–7735.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. La Cour, T. F. M., Nyborg, J., Thirup, S., Clark, B. F. C., 1985, Eur. Mol. Biol. Org. J. 4: 2385–2388.

    Google Scholar 

  17. McCormick, F., Clark, B. F. C., la Cour, T. F. M., Kjeldgaard, M., Norskov-Lauritsen, L., Nyborg, J., 1985, Science 230: 78–82.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Arai, K., Clark, B. F. C., Duffy, L., Jones, M. D., Kaziro, Y., Laursen, R. A., L’Italien, J., Miller, D. L., Nagarkatti, S., Nakamura, S., Nielsen, K. M., Petersen, T. E., Takahashi, K., Wade, M., 1980, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77: 1326–1330.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Montandon, P., Stutz, E., 1983, Nucleic Acids Res. 11: 5877–5892.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Nagata, S., Tsunetsugu-Yokota, Y., Naito, A., Kaziro, Y., 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80: 6192–6196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Nagata, S., Nagashima, K., Tsunetsugu-Yokota, Y., Fujimura, K., Miyazaki, M., Kaziro, Y., 1984, Eur. Mol. Biol. Org. J. 3: 1825–1830.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cottrelle, P., Thiele, D., Price, V. L., Memet, S., Micouin, J. Y., Marck, C., Buhler, J. M., Sentenac, A., Fromageot, P., 1985, J. Biol. Chem. 260: 3090–3096.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Van Hemert, F. J., Amons, R., Pluijms, W. J. M., Van Ormondt, H., Moller, W., 1984, Eur. Mol. Biol. Org. J. 3: 1109–1113.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Brands, J. H. G. M., Maassen, J. A., Van Hemert, F. J., Amons, R., Moller, W., 1986, Eur. J. Biochem. 155: 167–171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ovchinnikov, Y. A., Alakhov, Y. B., Bundulis, Y. P., Bundule, M. A., Dovgas, N. V., Kozlov, V. P., Motuz, L. P., Vinokurov, L. M., 1982, FEBS Lett. 139: 130–135.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. March, P. E., Inouye, M., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82: 7500–7504.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sacerdot, C., Dessen, P., Hershey, J. W. B., Plumbridge, J. A., Grunberg-Manago, M., 1984, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81: 7787–7791.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. DeFeo-Jones, D., Scolnick, E. M., Koller, R., Dhar, R., 1983, Nature (London) 306: 707–709.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Powers, S., Kataoka, T., Fasano, O., Goldfarb, M., Strathern, J., Broach, J., Wigler, M., 1984, Cell 36: 607–612.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dahr, R., Nieto, A., Koller, R., DeFoe-Jones, D., Scolnick, E. M., 1984, Nucleic Acids Res. 12: 3611–3618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Gallwitz, D., Donath, C., Sander, C., 1983, Nature (London) 306: 704–707.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Capon, D. J., Chen, E. Y., Levinson, A. D., Seeburg, P. H., Goeddel, D. V., 1983, Nature (London) 302: 33–37.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Taparowsky, E., Shimizu, K., Goldfarb, M., Wigler, M., 1983, Cell 34: 581–586.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Shimizu, K., Birnbaum, D., Ruley, M., Fasano, O., Suard, Y., Edlund, L., Taparowsky, E., Goldfarb, M., Wigler, M., 1983, Nature (London) 304: 497–500.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Rasheed, S., Norman, G. L., Heidecker, G., 1983, Science 221: 155–157.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Reddy, E. P., Lipman, D., Andersen, P. R., Tronick, S. R., Aaronson, S. A., 1985, J. Virol. 53: 984–987.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Dhar, R., Ellis, R. W., Shih, T. Y., Oroszlan, S., Shapiro, B., Maizel, J., Lowy, D., Scolnick, E., 1982, Science 217: 934–937.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Tsuchida, N., Ryder, T., Ohtsubo, E., 1982, Science 217: 937–939.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Madaule, P., Axel, R., 1985, Cell 41: 31–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Cook, J. S., Weldon, S. L., Garcia-Ruiz, J. P., Hod, Y., Hanson, R. W., 1986, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83: 7583–7587.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Cook, J.S. Weldon, S. L. Garcia-Ruiz, J. P., Hod, Y., and Hanson, R.W., 1986, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83:7583–7587.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Yatsunami, K., Khorana, H. G., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82: 4316–4320.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Tanabe, T., Nukada, T., Nishikawa, Y., Sugimoto, K., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, H., Noda, M., Haga, T., Ichiyama, A., Kangawa, K., Minamino, H., Matsuo, H., Numa, S., 1985, Nature (London) 315: 242–245.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Robishaw, J. D., Russell, D. W., Harris, B. A., Smigel, M. D., Gilman, A. G., 1986, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83: 1251–1255.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Ponstingl, H., Krauhs, E., Little, M., Kempf, T., 1981, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78: 2757–2761.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Krauhs, E., Little, M., Kempf, T., Hofer-Warbinek, R., Ade, W., Ponstingl, H., 1981, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78: 4156–4160.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Penningroth, S. M., Kirschner, M. W., 1978, Biochemistry 17: 734–740.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Marcus, A., 1970, J. Biol. Chem. 245: 955–961.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kramer, G., Konecki, D., Cimadevilla, J. M., Hardesty, B., 1976, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 174: 355–358.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Trachsel, H., Erni, B., Schrier, M. H., Staehelin, T., 1977, J. Mol. Biol. 116: 755–767.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Kozak, M., 1980, J. Mol. Biol. 144: 291–304.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kozak, M., 1980, Cell 22: 459–467.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Grifo, J. A., Tahara, S. M., Leis, J. P., Morgan, M. A., Shatkin, A. J., Merrick, W. C., 1982, J. Biol. Chem. 257: 5246–5252.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Nielsen, P. J., McMaster, G. K., Trachsel, H., 1985, Nucleic Acids Res. 13: 6867–6880.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Seal, S. N., Schmidt, A., Marcus, A., 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80: 6562–6565.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Felsenfeld, G., Miles, H. T., 1967, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 36: 407–448.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Tahara, S. M., Morgan, M. A., Shatkin, A. J., 1981, J. Biol. Chem. 256: 791–794.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Rose, J. K., Trachsel, H., Leong, K., Baltimore, D., 1978, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73: 2732–2736.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Helentjaris, T., Ehrenfeld, E., Brown-Leudi, M.L., and Hershey. J.W. B., 1979, J. Biol. Chem. 254:10,973–10,978.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Grifo, J. A., Tahara, S. M., Morgan, M. A., Shatkin, A. J., Merrick, W. C., 1983, J. Biol. Chem. 258: 5804–5810.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Edery, I., Humblin, M., Darveau, A., Lee, K.A.W., Milburn, S., Hershey, J.W.B., Trachsel, H., and Sonenberg, N., 1983, J. Biol. Chem. 258:11,398–11,403.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Ray, B. K., Lawson, T. G., Kramer, J. C., Cladaras, M. H., Grifo, J. A., Abramson, R. D., Merrick, W. C., Thach, R.E., 1985, J. Biol. Chem. 260: 7651–7658.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Lax, S., Fritz, W., Browning, K., Ravel, J., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82: 330–333.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Sonenberg, N., Rupprecht, K. M., Hecht, S. M., Shatkin, A. J., 1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76: 4345–4349.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Webb, N. R., Chari, R. V. J., DePillis, G., Kozarich, J. W., Rhoads, R. E., 1984, Biochemistry 23: 177–181.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Rychlik, W., Gardner, P. R., Vanaman, T. C., Rhoads, R. E., 1986, J. Biol. Chem. 261: 71–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Etchison, D., Milburn, S.C Edery, I., Sonenberg, N., and Hershey, J. W. B., 1982, J. Biol. Chem. 257–14,810.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Lee, K. A., Edery, I., Sonenberg, N., 1985, J. Virol. 54: 515–524.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Etchison, D., Fout, S., 1985, J. Virol. 54: 634–638.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Duncan, R., Hershey, J. W. B., 1985, J. Biol. Chem. 260: 5486–5492.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Ray, B. K., Brendler, T. G., Adya, S., Daniels-McQueen, S., Miller, J. K., Hershey, J. W. B., Grifo, J. A., Merrick, W. C., Thach, R. E., 1983, Proc. Nail. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80: 663–667.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Grifo, J. A., Abramson, R. D., Satler, C. A., Merrick, W. C., 1984, J. Biol. Chem. 259: 8648–8654.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Godefroy-Colburn, T., Ravelonandro, M., Pinck, L., 1985, Eur. J. Biochem. 147: 549–552.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Pelletier, J., Sonenberg, N., 1985, Cell 40: 515–526.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Godefroy-Colburn, T., and Thach, R.E., 1981, J. Biol, Chem. 256:11,762–11,773.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Hughes, S. M., 1983, FEBS Lett. 164: 1–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Gilman, A. G., 1984, Cell 36: 577–579.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Jagus, R., Crouch, D., Konieczny, A., Safer, B., 1982, Curr. Topics Cell. Regul. 21: 36–64.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Lee, H., Iglewski, W. J., 1984, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81: 2703–2707.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Duncan, R., and Iglewski, W. J., 1984, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81–2707.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Panniers, R., Stewart, E. B., Merrick, W. C., Henshaw, E. C., 1985, J. Biol. Chem. 260: 9648–9653.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Duncan, R., Hershey, J. W. B., 1983, J. Biol. Chem. 258: 7228 - 7235.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Duncan, R., Hershey, J. W. B., 1985, J. Biol. Chem. 260: 5493–5497.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA

    William C. Merrick, Richard D. Abramson, Donald D. Anthony Jr., Thomas E. Dever & Angela M. Caliendo

Authors
  1. William C. Merrick
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Richard D. Abramson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Donald D. Anthony Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Thomas E. Dever
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Angela M. Caliendo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Developmental Genetics and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA

    Joseph Ilan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Merrick, W.C., Abramson, R.D., Anthony, D.D., Dever, T.E., Caliendo, A.M. (1987). Involvement of Nucleotides in Protein Synthesis Initiation. In: Ilan, J. (eds) Translational Regulation of Gene Expression. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5365-2_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5365-2_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5367-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5365-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation