Skip to main content

Living with Chronic Disease: The Importance of Cognitive Appraisal

  • Chapter
Book cover Illness Behavior

Abstract

The plight of the chronically ill patient covers a wide array of potential life interruptions and psychological changes as well as illness-related factors such as permanent changes in physical functioning and in physical appearance. Patients with various chronic illnesses may face separation from families, friends, and other sources of gratification, the loss of social and vocational roles, disruption of plans for the future, assaults on self-image and self-esteem, uncertain and unpredictable futures, and distressing emotional reactions (Turk, 1979). Moreover, by nature of the disease, chronic illnesses unlike acute diseases have an extended time course of months or years with repeated demands recurring throughout the adjustment process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., &Teasdale, J. P. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 49–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association, Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antonovsky, A. (1979). Health, stress and coping. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. New York: Hoeber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., &Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bentler, P. M., &Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588–606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binik, Y. M. (1983). Coping with chronic life-threatening illness: Psychosocial perspectives on end-stage renal disease. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 15, 373–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, N. A., &Matson, R. R. (1982). Social-psychological adjustment to multiple sclerosis. Social Science and Medicine, 16, 2129–2135.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brownell, A., &Shumaker, S. A. (Eds.). (1984). Social support: New perspectives in theory, research, and intervention. Part 1. Theory and research. Journal of Social Issues, 40, (Whole Issue), -138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bukberg, J., Penman, D., &Holland J. C. (1984). Depression in hospitalized cancer patients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 46, 199–212.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cassileth, B. R., Lusk, E. J., Strouse, T. B., Miller, D. S., Brown, L. L., Cross, P. A., &Tenaglia, A. N. (1984). Psychosocial status in chronic illness: A comparative analysis of six diagnostic groups. New England Journal of Medicine, 311, 506–511.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, R., &Lazarus, R. S. (1979). Coping with the stress of illness. In G. C. Stone, F. Cohen, &N. E. Adler (Eds.), Health psychology -A handbook (pp. 217–254). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S., &Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Comstock, G. W., &Helsing, K. J. (1976). Symptoms of depression in two communities. Psychological Medicine, 6, 551–563.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devins, G. M., Binik, Y. M., Gorman, P., Dattel, M., McCloskey, B., Oscar, G., &Briggs, J. (1982). Perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and negative mood states in end-stage renal disease. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91 ,241–244.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devins, G. M., Binik, Y. M., Hollomby, D. J., Barré, P. E., &Guttmann, R. D. (1981). Helplessness and depression in end-stage renal disease. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 531–545.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devins, G. M., Binik, Y. M., Hutchinson, T. A., Hollomby, D. J., Barre, P. E., &Gutmann, R. D. (1983-1984). The emotional impact of end-stage renal disease: Importance of patients’ perceptions of intrusiveness and control. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 13, 327–343.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feighner, J. P., Robins, E., Guze, S. B., et al. (1972). Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry, 26, 57–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferster, C. B. (1973). A functional analysis of depression. American Psychologist, 28, 857–870.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 23, 56–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hathaway, S. R., &McKinley, J. C. (1943). The Minnesota multiphasic personality schedule. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joreskog, K. G., &Sorbom, D. (1981). LISREL _V: Analysis of linear structural relationships by maximum likelihood and least squares methods. Chicago: International Educational Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanfer, F. H. (1970). Self-regulation: Research issues and speculations. In C. Neuringer, &J. L. Michael (Eds.), Behavior modification in clinical psychology (pp. 178–220). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, B. H., Cassel, J., &Gore, S. (1977). Social support and health. Medical Care, 15, 47–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kerns, R. D., Turk, D. C., &Rudy. T. E. (1985). The West Haven-Yale multidimensional pain inventory. Pain, 23, 345–356.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S. (1974). Psychological stress and coping in adaptation and illness. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 5, 321–333.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S., &Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R. S., &Launier, R. (1978). Stress-related transactions between person and environment. In L. A. Pervin &M. Lewis (Eds.), Perspectives in interactional psychology, New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewinsohn, P. M. (1974). Clinical and theoretical aspects of depression. In K. S. Calhoun, H. E. Adams, &K. R. Mitchell (Eds.), Innovative treatment methods in psychopathology. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linn, L. S., &Greenfield, S. (1982). Patients suffering and patient satisfaction among the chronically ill. Medical Care, 20, 425–431.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lubin, B. (1965). Adjective checklists for measurement of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 57–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meichenbaum, D. (1977). Cognitive-behavior modification. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meichenbaum, D., Turk, D. C., &Burstein, S. (1975). The nature of coping with stress. In I. G. Sarason &C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Stress and anxiety (Vol. 2, pp. 337–360). Washington: Hemisphere.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melzack, R. (1975). The McGill pain questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods. Pain, 1, 277–299.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moffic, H., &Paykel, E. S. (1975). Depression in medical inpatients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 346–353.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, H. A. (1943). Thematic apperception test: Pictures and manual. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rehm, L. P. (1977). A self-control model of depression. Behavior Therapy, 8, 787–804.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romano, J. M., &Turner, J. A. (1985). Chronic pain and depression: Does the evidence support a relationship? Psychological Bulletin» 97, 18–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz, R., &Decker, S. (1985). Long-term adjustment to physical disability: The role of social support, perceived control, and self-blame. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1162–1172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Helplessness. New York: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tattersall, R. B. (1981). Psychiatric aspects of diabetes -A physician’s view. British Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 485–493.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turk, D. C. (1979). Factors influencing the adaptive process with chronic illness: Implications for intervention. In I. G. Sarson &C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Stress and anxiety (Vol. 6, pp. 291–311). Washington: Hemisphere.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turk, D. C., Kerns, R. D., &Rudy, T. E. (1985). Identifying the links between chronic illness and depression. Research in Education, Abstract No. ED 250645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turk, D. C., Meichenbaum, D., &Genest, M. (1983). Pain and behavioral medicine: A cognitive-behavioral perspective. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turk, D. C., &Rudy, T. E. (1985). Predictors of dysphoric mood among diabetics. Diabetes Care.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turk, D. C., Sobel, H. J., Follick, M. J., &Youkilis, H. D. (1980). A sequential criterion analysis for assessing coping with chronic illness. Journal of Human Stress, 6, 35–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R. J., Noh, S., &Levin, D. M. (1985). Depression across the life course -The significance of psychosocial factors among the physically disabled. In A. Dean (Ed.), Depression in multidisciplinary perspective (pp. 32–59). New York: Brunner/Mazel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visotsky, H. M., Hamburg, D. A., Goss, M. F., &Lebovits, B. Z. (1961). Coping behavior under extreme stress. Archives of General Psychiatry, 5, 423–448.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wallston, F. A., Wallston, B. S., &DeVellis, R. (1978). Development of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scales. Health Education Monographs, 6, 160–170.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westbrook, M. T., &Viney, L. L. (1982). Psychological reactions to the onset of chronic illness. Social Science and Medicine, 16, 899–905.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Turk, D., Rudy, T. (1986). Living with Chronic Disease: The Importance of Cognitive Appraisal. In: McHugh, S., Vallis, T.M. (eds) Illness Behavior. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5257-0_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5257-0_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5259-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5257-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics