Abstract
Mounting experimental evidence indicates that skeletal remodeling is under local as well as systemic control. Local environmental factors which may well be significant include mechanical (loading and fluid pressure) and electrical forces, and locally elaborated humoral factors such as prostaglandins, regulatory proteins, and components of the organic matrix. The local ionic milieu and direct cell-cell interactions may also contribute. The effects of systemically elaborated hormones such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1α,25-(OH)2 D3 under physiological conditions may only be permissive, at least under physiological conditions, establishing the proper environment and ensuring an adequate supply of cellular participants for remodeling. High levels of these agents sharply enhance the likelihood of resorption and remodeling. By contrast, local forces seem to be important determinants of the location and frequency of remodeling activity, and may well perpetuate the remodeling cascade so that it proceeds inevitably through an entire coupled sequence of resorption and formation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
H.M. Frost, “Mathematical Element of Bone Remodeling,” Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois (1964).
H.M. Frost, Bone dynamics in metabolic bone disease, J. Bone Joint Surg. 48A:1192 (1 966).
H.M. Frost, The skeletal intermediary organization; a synthesis, in “Bone and Mineral Research/3,” pp. 49–108, W.A. Peck, ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam (1985).
P. Tran Van, A. Vignery, and R. Baron, Cellular kinetics of the bone remodeling sequence in the rat, Anat. Rec. 202: 445 (1982).
P. Tran Van, A. Vignery, and R. Baron, An electron microscopic study of the bone remodeling sequence in the rat, Cell Tissue Res. 225: 283 (1982).
G.A. Rodan and T.J. Martin, Role of osteoclasts in hormonal control of bone resorption - a hypothesis, Calc. Tiss. Int. 33: 349 (1981).
S.S. Miller, A.M. Wolf, and C.D. Arnaud, Bone cells in culture: morphologic transformation by hormones, Science 192: 1340 (1976).
J.D. Malone, S.L. Teitelbaum, G.L. Griffin, R.M. Senior, and A.J. Kahn, Recruitment of osteoclast precursors by purified bone matrix constituents, J. Cell Biol. 92: 227 (1982).
G.R. Mundy and J.W. Poser, Chemotactic activity of the y-carboxyglutamic acid containing protein in bone, Calc. Tiss. Int. 35: 164 (1983).
S. Sakamoto and M. Sakamoto, Isolation and characterization of collagenase synthesized by mouse bone cells in culture, Biomed. Res. 5: 39–46 (1984).
M. Sakamoto and S. Sakamoto, Immunocytochemical localization of collagenase in isolated mouse bone cells, Biomed. Res. 5: 29–38 (1984).
R.L. Jilka and J.W. Hamilton, Evidence for two pathways for stimulation of collagenolysis in bone, Calc. Tiss. Int. 37: 300 (1985).
L.G. Raisz, J.Y. Vanderhoek, H.A. Simmons, B.E. Kream, and K.C. Nicolaou, Prostaglandin synthesis by fetal rat bone in vitro: evidence for a role of prostacyclin, Prostaglandins 17: 905 (1979).
Aubin, J.E., Alders, E., and Heersche, J.N.M. A primary role for micro-filaments but not microtubules in hormone-induced cytoplasmic retraction. Exp. Cell Res. 143: 439 (1983).
S. Sakamoto, M. Sakamoto, P. Goldhaber, and M.J. Glimcher, Collagenase activity and morphological and chemical bone resorption induced by prostaglandin E2 in tissue culture, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 161: 99 (1979).
D.C. Klein and L.G. Raisz, Prostaglandins: stimulation of bone resorption in tissue culture, Endocrinology 86: 1436 (1970).
A.H. Tashjian, Jr., E.L. Hohmann, H.N. Antoniades, and L. Levine, Platelet-derived growth factor stimulates bone resorption via a prostaglandin-mediated mechanism, Endocrinology 111: 118 (1982).
A.H. Tashjian, Jr. and L. Levine, Epidermal growth factor stimulates prostaglandin production and bone resorption in cultured mouse calvaria, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 85: 966.
K.J. Ibbotson, J. Harrod, M. Gowen, S. D’Souza, M. Winkler, G. Carpenter, R. Derynck, and G.R. Mundy, Effects of human transforming growth factor (TGF)a on bone resorption and formation in vitro, abstract 64 in “Program and Abstracts, Seventh Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research,” Kelseyville, California, Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
T. Yoneda and G.R. Mundy, Monocytes regulate osteoclast-activating factor production by releasing prostaglandins, J. Exp. Med. 150: 338 (1979).
M. Gowen, D.D. Wood, E.J. Ihrie, M.K.B. McGuire, and R.G.G. Russell, An interleukin 1 like factor stimulates bone resorption in vitro, Nature 306: 378 (1983).
J.K. Heath, M.C. Meikle, S.J. Atkinson, and J.J. Reynolds, A factor synthesized by rabbit periosteal fibroblasts stimulates bone resorption and collagenase production by connective tissue cells in vitro, Biochim Biophys. Acta 800: 301 (1984).
G.R. Mundy, Monocyte-macrophage system and bone resorption, Lab. Invest. 49: 119 (1983).
K.J. Ibbotson, G.D. Roodman, L.M. McManus, and G.R. Mundy, Identification and characterization of osteoclast-like cells and their progenitors in cultures of feline marrow mononuclear cells, J. Cell Biol. 99: 471 (1984).
M.J. Pharoah and J.N.M. Heersche, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 causes an increase in the number of osteoclastlike cells in cat bone marrow cultures, Calc. Tiss. Int. 37: 276 (1985).
A.J. D’Ercole, G.T. Applewhite, and L.E. Underwood, Evidence that somatomedin is synthesized by multiple tissue in the fetus. Dev. Biol. 75: 315 (1980).
J.R. Farley and D.J. Baylink, Purification of a skeletal growth factor from human bone, Biochemistry 21: 3502 (1982).
J.R. Farley, T. Masuda, J.E. Wergedal, and D.J. Baylink, Human skeletal growth factor: characterization of the mitogenic effect on bone cells in vitro, Biochemistry 21: 3508 (1982).
E. Canalis, W.A. Peck, and L.G. Raisz, Stimulation of DNA collagen synthesis by autologous growth factor in cultured fetal rat calvaria, Science 210: 1021 (1980).
R.T. Turner, J.E. Puzas, M.D. Forte, G.E. Lester, T.K. Gray, G.A. Howard, and D.J. Baylink, In vitro synthesis of lo,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol by isolated calvarial cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:5720 (1980).
L. Rifas, V. Shen, K. Mitchell, and W.A. Peck, Macrophage-derived growth factor for osteoblast-like cells and chondrocytes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 4558 (1984).
V. Shen, L. Rifas, G. Kohler, and W.A. Peck, Fetal rat chondrocytes sequentially elaborate separate growth-and differentiation-promoting peptides during their development in Vitro, Endocrinology 116: 920, 1985.
M. Owen, Lineage of osteogenic cells and their relationship to the stromal system, pp. 1–26, in “Bone and Mineral Research/3,” W.A. Peck, ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam (1985).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Peck, W.A., Rifas, L., Cheng, SL., Shen, V. (1986). The Local Regulation of Bone Remodeling. In: Massry, S.G., Olmer, M., Ritz, E. (eds) Phosphate and Mineral Homeostasis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 208. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5206-8_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5206-8_32
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5208-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5206-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive