Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Prevention of Cancer

  • Chapter
Handbook of Prevention

Abstract

For the first time in history the nation has a deliberate, conscious choice to make about whether or not to prevent cancer. In other words, current scientific knowledge about cancer has led us to a new avenue toward disease prevention and health promotion. In a sense, the nation and each individual is at a fork in the road. The way to health and a life without cancer requires changes in traditional lifestyles. Specifically, we now know that what causes or promotes at least 70% of cancer cases are lifestyle and environmental factors—most of which are controllable at the personal level. This knowledge, combined with recent advances in basic and applied research in detection and treatment and combined with advances in cancer control surveillance make the reduction of cancer mortality a genuine possibility. Clarifying this knowledge for the public and the medical community and motivating them to make changes in their lifestyles and professional practices are the next advances required to make cancer prevention a probability. In fact, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has estimated that a realistic goal is to reduce the mortality from cancer in the year 2000 by 50% of what it is today in 1984.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ahmed, P. I., & Gleeson, G. A. (1970). Changes in cigarette smoking habits between 1955 and 1966. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (PHS Publication No. 1000, Series 10, No. 59 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Cancer Society. (1969). The teenager looks at cigarette smoking. Lieberman Research, Inc., New York: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Cancer Society. (1977). I quit kit (Publication No. 2028 ). New York: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Cancer Society. (1981). A study of the impact of the 1980 great American smokeout. Summary report. A national program sponsored by the Gallup Organization, Inc., and analyzed by Lieberman Research, Inc., New York: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Cancer Society. (1983). A study of smoking behavior among black Americans. New York: Evaxx.

    Google Scholar 

  • Archer, V. E., Wagoner, J. K., & Lundin, F. E., Jr. (1973). Uranium mining and cigarette smoking effects on man. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 15, 204–211.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbolt, T. A., & Abraham, R. (1978). The effect of bran on dimethyl-hydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in the rat. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 157, 656–659.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becci, P. J. (1978). Inhibitory effect of 13–cis retinoic acid on urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced in C57BL/ 6 mice by N-Butyl-N-4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. Cancer Research, 38, 4464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Best, E. W. R. (1966). A Canadian study of smoking and health (pp. 65–86 ). Ottawa: Department of National Health and Welfare, Epidemiology Division.

    Google Scholar 

  • Best, J. A. (1980). Mass media, self-management, and smoking modification. In P. O. Davidson & S. M. Davidson (Eds.), Behavioral medicine: Changing health lifestyles (pp. 371–390 ). New Yoik: Brunner/ Mazel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, S., Williams, D. R. R., Cole, T. J., & James, W. P. T. (1979). Dietary fiber and regional large–bowel cancer mortality in Britain. British Journal of Cancer, 40, 456–463.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bjelke, E. (1975). Dietary vitamin A and human lung cancer. International Journal of Cancer, 15, 561–565.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borland, B. L., & Rudolph, J. P. (1975). Relative effects of low socio-economic status, parental smoking and poor scholastic performance on smoking among high school students. Social Science and Medicine, 9 (1), 27–30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Botvin, G. J., Eng, A., & Williams, C. L. (1980). Preventing the onset of cigarette smoking through life skills training. Preventive Medicine, 9, 135–143.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breslow, L. (1978). Risk factor intervention for health maintenance. Science, 200, 908–912.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunswick, A. F., & Messeri, P. A. (1982, November). Gender differences in processes of smoking initiation. Paper presented at the 1982 American Public Health Association meeting, Montreal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, K., & Kohr, H. (1970). Effects of dietary fat and dose level of 7, 12-Demethylbenz(a)-anthracene on mammary tumor incidence in rats. Cancer Research, 30, 2260–2264.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cederlof, R., Friberg, L., Hrubec, Z., & Lorich, U. (1975). The relationship of smoking and some covariables to mortality and cancer morbidity. A ten year follow-up. Stockholm, Sweden: Department of Environmental Hygiene, the Karolinska Institut.

    Google Scholar 

  • Center for Disease Control. (1974). Teenage self-test: Cigarette smoking. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health (DHEW Publication No. 74–8723 ). Atlanta: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Center for Disease Control. (1975a). Adult use of tobacco. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Atlanta: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Center for Disease Control. (1975b). A survey of physicians, dentists, nurses, and pharmacists: Their behavior and attitudes concerning tobacco. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Atlanta: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, W.-F., Patchefsky, A. S., & Goldsmith, H. S. (1978). Colonic protection from dimethylhydrazine by a high fiber diet. Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, 147, 503–507.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coe, R. M., & Brehm, H. P. (1971). Smoking habits of physicians and preventive care practices. Health Science and Mental Health Administration Health Reports, 86, 217–221.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creswell, W. H., Jr., Huffman, W. J., & Stone, D. B. (1970). Youth smoking behavior characteristics and their educational implications. A report of the University of Illinois Anti-Smoking Education Study. Champaign: University of Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dales, L. G., Friedman, G. D., Ury, H. K., Grossman, S., & Williams, S. R. (1978). A case-control study of relationships of diet and other traits to colorectal cancer in American blacks. American Journal of Epidemiology, 109, 132–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danaher, B. G., & Lichtenstein, E. (1978). Become an ex-smoker. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danaher, B. G., Berkanovic, E., & Gerber, B. (1983). Smoking and television: Review of extant literature. Addictive Behavior, 8, 173–182.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Development Associates, Inc. (1982). The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the Hispanic population in the United States, 1950–1980. A report to the Division of Spanish Surnamed Americans. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dicker, L., & Dicker, M. (1982). Occupational health hazards faced by Hispanic workers: An exploratory discussion. Journal of Latin Community Health, 1, 101–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doll, R., & Hill, A. B. (1954). The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits; a preliminary report. British Medical Journal, 4877, 1451–1455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doll, R., & Hill, A. B. (1956). Lung cancer and other causes of death in relation to smoking. A second report on the mortality of British doctors. British Medical Journal, 2, 1071–1081.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doll, R., & Peto, R. (1981). The causes of cancer: Quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 66, 1191–1308.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubren, R. (1977a). Evaluation of a televised stop-smoking clinic. Public Health Reports, 92, 81–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubren, R. (1977b). Self-reinforcement by recorded telephone messages to maintain nonsmoking behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 358–360.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, R. I. (1976). Smoking in children: Developing a social psychological strategy of deterrence. Journal of Preventive Medicine,5, 122–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, R. I., Rozelle, R. M., Mittelmark, M. B., Hansen, W. B., Bane, A. L., & Havis, J. (1978). Deterring the onset of smoking in children: Knowledge of immediate physiological effects and coping with peer pressure, media pressure, and parent modeling. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 8, 126–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farquhar, J. W., Maccoby, N., Wood, P. D., Alexander, J. D., Breitrose, H., Brown, B. W., Haskel, W. L., McAlister, A. L., Meyer, A. J., Nash, J. D., & Stern, M. P. (1977). Community education for cardiovascular health. Lancet, 1192–1195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M. (1977). Consumer beliefs and behavior with respect to cigarette smoking: A critical analysis of the public literature. In Federal Trade Commission. Report to Congress: Pursuant to the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act (for the year 1976 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flanders, W. D., & Rothman, K. J. (1982). Interaction of alcohol and tobacco in laryngeal cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology, 115, 371–379.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flay, B. R., d’Avernas, J. R., Best, J. A., Kersall, M. W., & Ryan, K. (1983). Why children smoke and ways of preventing them: The Waterloo study. In P. Firestone & P. McGrath (Eds.), Pediatric behavioral medicine. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleiszer, D. M., Murray, D., Richards, G. K., & Brown, R. A. (1980). Effects of diet on chemically induced bowel cancer. Canadian Journal of Surgery, 23, 67–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franks, C. M., & Wilson, G. T. (1977). Annual review of behavior therapy: Theory and practice. Volume V. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, H. J., Spiller, G. A., & Kim, Y. S. (1978). A double-blind study on the effect of purified cellulose dietary fiber on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colonic neoplasia. Cancer Research, 38, 2912–2917.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, H. J., Spiller, G. A., & Kim, Y. S. (1980). A double-blind study on the effects of differing purified cellulose and pectin fiber diets on 1,2–dimethylhydrazine–induced rat colonic neoplasia. Cancer Research, 40, 2661–2665.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, G. D., Siegelaub, A. B., Ury, H. K., & Klatsky, A. L. (1975). Is the increased risk of myocardial infarction in cigarette smokers due to psychological traits? An attempted exploration using psychological questionnaire responses. Preventive Medicine, 4, 526–532.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Generalitat Catalunya. (1982). El Tabaquismo en Catalunya. Informe 1982. Departament de Sanitat i Seguretat Social. Barcelona, Spain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giachello, A. L., Bell, R., Aday, L. A., & Anderson, R. M. (1983). Uses of the 1980 census for Hispanic health services research. American Journal of Public Health, 73, 266–274.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glasgow, R. E., & Rosen, G. M. (1978). Behavioral bibliotherapy: A review of self-help behavior therapy manuals. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1–23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glasgow, R. E., & Rosen, G. M. (1979). Self-help behavior therapy manuals: Recent developments and clinical usage. Clinical Behavior Therapy Review, 1, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glasgow, R. E., Schafer, L., & O’Neil, H. K. (1981). Self-help books and amount of therapist contact in smoking cessation programs. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 659–667.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glober, G. A., Klein, K. L., Moore, J. O., & Abba, B. C. (1974). Bowel transit-times in two populations experiencing similar colon-cancer risks. Lancet, 2, 80–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glober, G. A., Nomura, A., Kamiyama, S., Shimada, A., & Abba, B. C. (1977). Bowel transit-time and stool weight in populations with different colon-cancer risks, Lancet, 2, 110–111.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gouveia, J., Mathe, G., Hercend, T., Gros, F., LeMaigre, G., & Santelli, G. (1982). Degree of bronchial metaplasia in heavy smokers and its regression after treatment with a retinoid. Lancet, 27, 710–712.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S., & Gibson, R. W. (1971). Cessation of patterned behavior: Withdrawal from smoking. Social Science and Medicine, 5, 319–337.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, D. E. (1979). Teenage smoking: Immediate and long-term patterns. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Institute of Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, B. S., Heeter, C., Burgoon, M., Burgoon, J., & Korzenny, F. (1981). Mass communication behaviors and attitudes among Hispanic and Anglo youth (Report No. 5 ). Ann Arbor: Michigan State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammond, E. C., & Garfinkel, L. (1980). General air pollution and cancer in the United States. Preventive Medicine, 9, 206–211.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammond, E. C., & Horn, D. (1958). Smoking and death rates—Report on forty-four months of follow-up of 187,783 men. II. Death rates by cause. Journal of the American Medical Association, 166, 1294–1308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, L., & Associates, Inc. (1978). Health maintenance. Newport Beach, CA: Pacific Mutual Life Insurance.

    Google Scholar 

  • Health Services and Mental Health Administration. (1973). Chart book on smoking, tobacco, and health. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (Publication No. HSM 73–8718 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herbst, A. L., Ulfelder, H., & Poskanzer, D. C. (1971). Adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Association of maternal stilbestrol therapy with tumor appearance in young women. New England Journal of Medicine, 28, 878–881.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, D. (1971). Peer group conformity in adolescent smoking and its relationship to affiliation and autonomy needs. Australian Journal of Psychology, 23, 189–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirayama, T. (1979). Diet and cancer. Nutritional Cancer, 1, 67–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, G. H., Hymowitz, N., Ockene, J. K., Simon, N., & Vogt, T. M. (1981). The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT): V. Intervention on smoking. Preventive Medicine, 10, 476–500.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, S. M., Webber, L. S., & Berenson, G. S. (1980). Cigarette smoking and tobacco usage in children and adolescents: Bogalusa heart study. Preventive Medicine, 9, 701–712.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter, S. M., Baugh, J. G., Webber, L. S., Sklor, M. C., & Berenson, G. S. (1982). Social learning effects on trial and adoption of cigarette smoking in children. The Bogalusa heart study. Preventive Medicine, 11, 29–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hurd, P. D., Johnson, C. A., Pechacek, T. F., Bast, L. P., Jacobs, D. R., & Luepker, R. V. (1980). Prevention of cigarette smoking in seventh grade students. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 3, 15–28.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jablon, S., & Bailar, J. C., III. (1980). The contribution of ionizing radiation to cancer mortality in the United States. Preventive Medicine, 9, 219–226.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joly, D. J. (1975). Cigarette smoking in Latin America—A survey of eight cities. Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization, 9 (4), 329–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kark, J. D., Smith, A. H., Switzer, B. R., & Hames, C. G. (1981). Serum vitamin A (retinol) and cancer incidence in Evans County, Georgia. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 66, 7–16.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelson, S. R., Pullella, J. L., & Otterland, A. (1975). The growing epidemic. A survey of smoking habits and attitudes toward smoking among students in grades 7 through 12 in Toledo and Lucas County (Ohio) Public Schools—1964 and 1971. American Journal of Public Health, 65, 923–938.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolonel, L. N., Hankin, J. H., Lee, J., Chu, S. Y., Nomura, A. M. Y., & Ward-Hinds, M. W. (1981). Nutrient intakes in relation to cancer incidence in Hawaii. British Journal of Cancer, 44, 332.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kraybill, H. F. (1980). Evaluation of public health aspects of carcinogenic/mutagenic biorefractories in drinking water. Preventive Medicine, 9, 212–218.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lando, H. A. (1981). Effects of preparation, experimenter contact, and a maintained reduction alternative on a broad-spectrum program for eliminating smoking. Addictive Behavior, 6, 123–133.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lasnitzki, I. (1955). The influence of a hyper-vitaminosis on the effect of 20-methylcholanthrene on mouse prostrate glands grown in vitro. British Journal of Cancer, 9, 438–439.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, M. L., Goldstein, H., & Gerhardt, P. R. (1950). Cancer and tobacco smoking, preliminary report. Journal of American Medicine, 143, 336–338.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe, M. R., Green, L., Kurtz, S. M. S., Ashenberg, Z. S., & Fisher, E. B., Jr. (1980). Self-initiated, cue extinction, and covert sensitization procedures in smoking cessation. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 3, 357–372.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lubin, J. H., Burns, P. E., Blot, W. J., Ziegler, R. G., Lees, A. W., & Fraumeni, J. F., Jr. (1981). Dietary factors and breast cancer risk. International Journal of Cancer, 28, 685–689.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundin, F. E., Jr., Wagoner, J. K., & Archer, V. E. (1971). Randon daughter exposure and respiratory cancer. Quantitative and temporal aspects. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and National Institute of Environmental Health Science. (Joint Monograph No. 1 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyon, J. L., Gardner, J. W., & West, D. W. (1980). Cancer risk and life–style: Cancer among Mormons from 1967–1975. In J. Cairns, J. L. Lyon, & M. Skolnick (Eds.), Cancer Incidence in Defined Populations. (Banbury Report 4, pp. 3–28 ). Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLennan, R., Jensen, O. M., Mosbech, J., & Vuori, H. (1978). Diet, transit time, stool weight, and colon cancer in two Scandinavian populations. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 31, S239–S242

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mantek, M., & Erben, R. (1974). Behavior therapy: New approaches towards smoking cessation. International Journal of Health Education, 17, 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, V. L. (1974). The Saskatoon smoking study: Habits and beliefs of children in grades seven and eight about smoking. Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, College of Medicine. Saskatoon, Canada: University of Saskatchewan.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAlister, A. L. (1981). Progress in developing effective communications. In R. E. Rice & W. J. Paisley (Eds.), Public communications campaigns. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAlister, A. L., Perry, C., & Maccoby, N. (1979). Adolescent smoking: Onset and prevention. Pediatrics, 63, 650–658.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McAlister, A. L., Perry, C., Killen, J. Slinkard, L. A., & Maccoby, N. (1980). Pilot study of smoking, alcohol and drug abuse prevention. American Journal of Public Health, 70, 719–721.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAlister, A. L., Puska, P., Koskela, K., Pallonen, U., & Maccoby, N. (1980). Mass communication and community organization for public health education. American Psychologist, 35, 375–379.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCoy, D. G., Hecht, S. S., & Wynder, E. L. (1980). The roles of tobacco, alcohol, and diet in the etiology of upper alimentary and respiratory tract cancers. Preventive Medicine, 9, 622–629.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merki, D. J., Creswell, W. H., Stone, D. B., Huffman, W., & Newman, I. (1968). The effects of two educational methods and message themes on rural youth smoking behavior. Journal of School Health, 38, 448–454.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mermelstein, R., Mclntyre, K., & Lichtenstein, E. (1981). Effects of spouse interactions on smoking cessation. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A., Kelley, A., Choi, N., Matthews, V., Morgan, R., Munan, L., Burch, J., Feather, J., Howe, G., & Jain, M. (1978). A study of diet and breast cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology, 107, 499–509.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Modan, B., Barell, V., Lubin, F., Modan, M., Greenberg, R. A., & Graham, S. (1975). Low-fiber intake as an etiologic factor in cancer of the colon. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 55, 15–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ockene, J. K., Hymowitz, N., Sexton, M., & Broste, S. K. (1982). Comparison of patterns of smoking behavior change among smokers in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Preventive Medicine, 11, 621–638.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ockene, J. K., & Ockene, I. S. (1982). 9 ways to help your patients stop smoking. Your Patient and Cancer. New York: Dominus.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Rourke, T. W. (1973). Research on smoking behavior: Some limitations and suggestions for improvement. Public Health Reviews, 2, 105–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, A. B. (1970). Some variables contributing to the onset of cigarette smoking among junior high school students. Social Science and Medicine, 4, 359–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pechacek, T. F., & McAlister, A. L. (1980). Strategies for the modification of smoking behavior: Treatment and prevention. In J. M. Ferguson & C. B. Taylor (Eds.), The comprehensive handbook of behavioral medicine: Volume 3. Extended applications and issues (pp. 257–298 ). New York: Spectrum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pederson, L. L. (1982). Compliance with physician advice to quit smoking: A review of the literature. Preventive Medicine, 11, 71–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perri, M. G., Richards, C. S., & Schultheis, K. R. (1977). Behavioral self-control and smoking reduction: A study of self-initiated attempts to reduce smoking. Behavior Therapy, 8, 360–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, R. L. (1975). Role of lifestyle and dietary habits in risk of cancer among Seventh-Day Adventists. Cancer Research, 35, 3513–3522.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pomerleau, O. F., & Pomerleau, C. S. (1977). Break the smoking habit. A behavioral program for giving up cigarettes. Champaign, IL: Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, D. R., & McCann, B. S. (1981). The effects of a multiple treatment program and maintenance procedures on smoking cessation. Preventive Medicine, 10, 94–104.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raw, M. (1976). Persuading people to stop smoking. Behavior Research and Therapy, 14, 97–101.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogot, E., & Murray, J. L. (1980). Smoking and causes of death among U.S. veterans: 16 years of observation. Public Health Reports, 95, 213–222.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, G., & Hamilton, P. J. S. (1978). A randomized controlled trial of the effect on middle–aged men of advice to stop smoking. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 32, 275–281.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothman, K. J. (1980). The proportion of cancer attributable to alcohol consumption. Preventive Medicine, 9, 174–179.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Royal College of Physicians. (1962). Smoking and Health. Summary and report of the Royal College of Physicians of London on smoking in relation to cancer of the lung and other diseases. New York: Pitman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozensky, R. H., & Bellack, A. S. (1974). Behavior change and individual differences in self-control. Behavior Research and Therapy, 12, 267–268.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, M. A. H. (1971). Cigarette dependence: II. Doctor’s role in management. British Medical Journal, 2, 393–395.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, M. A. H., Wilson, C., Taylor, C., & Baker, C. D. (1979). Effect of general practitioners advice against smoking. British Medical Journal, 2, 231–235.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schachter, S. (1982). Recidivism and self-cure of smoking and obesity. American Psychology, 37, 436–444.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schottenfeld, D., Gantt, R. C., & Wynder, E. L. (1974). The role of alcohol and tobacco in multiple primary cancers of the upper digestive system, larynx, and lung: A prospective study. Preventive Medicine, 3, 277–293.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz. J L., & Duoitzky, M. (1967). Express willingness of smokers to try 10 smoking withdrawal methods. Public Health Reports, 82, 855–861.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shekelle, R. B., Lepper, M., Liu, S., Maliza, C., Raynor, W. J., & Rossof, A. H. (1981). Dietary vitamin A and risk of cancer in the Western Electric study. Lancet, 28, 1185–1190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherif, M., & Sherif, C. W. (1964). Reference groups: Exploration into conformity and deviation in adolescents. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shubik, P. (1980). Food additives, contaminants, and cancer. Preventive Medicine, 9, 197–201.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stolley, P. D. (1980). Drugs and cancer in humans. Preventive Medicine, 9, 202–205.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Syme, S. L., & Alcalay, R. (1982). Control of cigarette smoking from a social perspective. Annual Review of Public Health, 3, 179–199.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tannenbaum, A. (1942). The genesis and growth of tumors III: Effects of a high fat diet. Cancer Research, 2, 468 — 475.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, E. L. (1978). Smoking education programs 1960–1976. American Journal of Public Health, 68, 250–257.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, H. J., Becci, P. J., Noon, R. C., Sporn, M. B., Newton, D. L., Brown, C. C., Nurrenbach, A., & Paust, J. (1980). Inhibition of 1-Methyl-l-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in the rat by the retinoid axrophthene. Arzneimittel-Forschung(Aulendorf)/Drug Research, 30, 1127–1129.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tongas, P. N. (1979). The Kaiser-Permanente smoking control program: Its purpose and implications for an HMO. Professional Psychology, 10, 409–418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urbach, F. (1980). Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer in man. Preventive Medicine, 9, 227–230.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1980). Health consequences of smoking for women. A report of the Surgeon General. Public Health Service. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1981a). National Health Interview Survey. In Smoking and health bulletin. Public Health Service, Office of Smoking and Health. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1981b). Smoking, tobacco, and health: A fact book. Office on Smoking and Health (Publication No. PHS 80–50150 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1982). Health consequences of smoking: Cancer. A report of the Surgeon General. Office of Smoking and Health (Publication No. PHS 82–50179 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1983). Health consequences of smoking: Cardiovascular disease. A report of the Surgeon General. (Publication No. PHS 84–50204 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1984). Summary report of the Cancer Prevention Awareness Survey. Office of Cancer Communications. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (1964). Smoking and health. (PHS Publication No. 1103 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (1976). Teenage smoking, national patterns of cigarette smoking, ages 12 through 18, in 1972 and 1974. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health (DHEW Publication No. NIH 76–931 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (1977). Smoking digest. Progress report and a nation kicking the habit. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Office of Cancer Communications. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (1979). Smoking and health. A report of the Surgeon General. Public Health Service, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Office on Smoking and Health (DHEW Publication No. PHS 79–50066 ). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wald, N., Idle, M., Boreham, J., & Bailey, A. (1980). Low serum-vitamin A and subsequent risk of lung cancer: Preliminary results of a prospective study. Lancet, 18, 813–815.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warnecke, R. B., Graham, S., Rosenthal, S., & Manfredi, C. (1978). Social and psychological correlates of smoking behavior among black women. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19, 397 — 410.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warner, K. E. (1981). Cigarette smoking in the 1970’s: The impact of the antismoking campaign on consumption. Science, 211, 729–731.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wattenberg, L. W. (1978). Inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 60, 11–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, H., Levine, S., Idelson, R. K., Rohman, M., & Taylor, J. O. (1983). The physician’s role in health promotion—A survey of primary-care practitioners. New England Journal of Medicine, 308, 97–100.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weir, J. M., & Dunn, J. E., Jr. (1970). Smoking and mortality: A prospective study. Cancer, 25, 105–112.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • West, D. W., Graham, S., Swanson, M., & Wilkinson, G. (1977). Five year follow-up of a smoking withdrawal clinic population. American Journal of Public Health, 67, 536–544.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, T. M. (1971). Summary and implications of review of literature related to adolescent smoking. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Health Services and Mental Health Administration, National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health. Atlanta: Center for Disease Control.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. R., & Horn, J. W. (1977). Association of cancer sites with tobacco and alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status of patients. Interview study from the Third National Cancer Survey. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 158, 525–547.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, R. B., Hutcheson, D. P., & Wideman, L. (1977). Dimethyl-hydrazine-induced colon tumors in rats fed diets containing beef fat or corn oil with and without wheat bran. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 30, 176–181.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witschi, H., Williamson, D., & Lock, S. (1977). Enhancement of urethan tumorigenesis in mouse lung by butylated hydroxytoluene. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 58, 301–305.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wohlford, P. (1970). Initiation of cigarette smoking: Is it related to parental behavior? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 34, 148–151.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynder, E. L., & Gori, G. B. (1977). Contribution of the environment to cancer incidence: An epidemiologic exercise. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 58, 825–832.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynder, E. L., & Graham, E. A. (1950). Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchiogenic carcinoma. A study of six hundred and eighty-four proved cases. Journal of the American Medical Association, 143, 329–336.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynder, E. L., MacCormick, F., Hill, P., Cohen, L. A., Chan, P. C., & Weisburger, J. H. (1976). Nutrition and the etiology and prevention of breast cancer. Cancer Detection and Prevention, 1, 293–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yankelovich, Skelley, & White, Inc. (1979). The General Mills American family report 1978–1979: Family health in an era of stress. Minneapolis: General Mills.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20205, USA

    Joseph Cullen & Peter Greenwald

Authors
  1. Joseph Cullen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peter Greenwald
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA

    Barry A. Edelstein

  2. Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Larry Michelson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cullen, J., Greenwald, P. (1986). Prevention of Cancer. In: Edelstein, B.A., Michelson, L. (eds) Handbook of Prevention. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5044-6_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5044-6_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5046-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5044-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation