Abstract
The detection of specific antibodies in body fluids has proven to be of considerable value in diagnostic medicine for a wide variety of diseases, including those of infectious as well as of auto-immune origins. A number of divergent methods have been developed for these purposes, such as complement fixation, passive hemagglutination, viral hemagglutination inhibition, immunofluorescence and latex agglutination procedures. All of these require serial dilution titration for quantitation, which is tedious and reduces precision, and all suffer from the fact that the readings are largely subjective. Weak reactions are often very difficult to distinguish from negative ones. The development of enzyme immunoassays, particularly of the “sandwich” ELISA type (Engvall and Perlmann, 1972), permitted quantitative estimations to be made with a single dilution of serum or plasma over a wide range of values. They also easily permit antibody activity in the various immunoglobulin classes to be distinguished. The results are objectively read in a photometer, and the intensity of the reading is directly correlated with the antibody level. By use of the appropriate antigen in the solid phase and the correct type of enzyme-labeled anti-immunoglobulin conjugate, numerous antibody tests can be designed using the same format.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Chessum, B. S. and J. R. Denmark (1978). Inconstant ELISA. Lancet, Jan., 161.
Engvall, E., and P. Perlmann (1972). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA. III. Quantitation of specific antibodies by enzyme-linked anti-immunoglobulin in antigen-coated tubes. J. Immunol. 109: 129–135.
Halbert, S. P., J. Karsh, and M. Anken (1980). A quantitative enzyme immunoassay for IgM rheumatoid factor using human immunoglobulin G as substrate. Am. J. Clin. Path. 74: 776–784.
Halbert, S. P., J. Karsh, and M. Anken (1981). Studies on autoantibodies to deoxyribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleoprotein with enzyme-immunoassay (ELISA). J. Lab. Clin. Med. 97: 97–111.
Halbert, S. P., M. Anken, W. Henle, and R. Golubjatnikov (1982). Detection of infectious mononucleosis heterophil antibody by a rapid, standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure. J. Clin. Microbiol. 15: 610–616.
Halbert, S. P., C. H. Bastomsky, and M. Anken (1983). A rapid standardized enzyme immunoassay for autoantibodies to thyroglobulin. Clin. Chim. Acta 127: 69–76.
Healy, G. R., and J. M. Walker (1982). Analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the CORDIA A ELISA test for the diagnosis of amebiasis. 31st Annual Meeting of Am. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. Poster #86.
Janeway, C. A., F. S. Rosen, E. Merler, and C. A. Alper (1967). The Gamma Globulins. Little, Brown and Company, Boston 148 pp.
Karsh, J., S. P. Halbert, M. Anken, E. Klima and A. D. Steinberg (1982). Anti-DNA anti-deoxyribonucleoprotein and rheumatoid factor measured by ELISA in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren’s syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immun. 68: 60–69.
Kiefer, D. J., D. A. Phelps, and S. P. Halbert (1983). Normalized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determining immunoglobulin G antibodies to cytomegalovirus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 18: 33–39.
Kiefer, D. (1984). Personal communication.
Kleeman, K. T., D. J. Kiefer, and S. P. Halbert (1983). Rubella antibodies detected by several commercial immunoassays in hemagglutination inhibition-negative sera. J. Clin. Microbiol. 18: 1131–1137.
Lin, T. M., S. P. Halbert, and G. R. O’Connor (1980). Standardized quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassay for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. J. Clin. Microbiol. 11: 675–681.
Lin, T. M., S. P. Halbert, C. T. Chiu, and R. Zarco (1981). Simple standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human antibodies to Entamoeba histolytica. J. Clin. Microbiol. 13: 646–651.
Lin, T. M., S. P. Halbert, R. Cort, and M. J. Blaschke (1983). An enzyme-linked immunoassay for circulating immune complexes using solid-phased goat Clq. J. Immuno1. Methods 63: 187–205.
Lin, T. M., M. W. Chin-See, and S. P. Halbert (1984). To be published.
Morgan-Capner, P., R. S. Tedder, and J. E. Mace (1983). Rubella-specific IgM reactivity in sera from cases of infectious mononucleosis. J. Hyg. Camb. 90: 407–413.
Serdula, M. K., S. B. Halstead, N. H. Wiebenga, and K. L. Herrmann (1984). Serological response to rubella vaccination. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 251: 1974–1977.
Torrigiani, G., I. M. Roitt, and D. Doniach (1961). Quantitative distribution of thyroglobulin autoantibodies in different immunoglobulin classes. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 3: 621–630.
Weisburger, E. K., A. B. Russfield, F. Homburger, J. H. Weisburger, E. Boger, C. G. van Dongen, and K. C. Chu (1978). Testing of twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity. J. Environmental Path. Toxicol. 2: 325–356.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Halbert, S.P., Lin, TM. (1985). Enzyme Immunoassay of Antibody. In: Ngo, T.T., Lenhoff, H.M. (eds) Enzyme-Mediated Immunoassay. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5012-5_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5012-5_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5014-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5012-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive