Abstract
Myelin is the protein and lipid sheath, consisting of consecutive, spirally wrapped, compacted segments of cell membrane, which surrounds each large axon in vertebrates and causes saltatory conduction of the action potentials. Nerve fiber sheaths with certain features of myelin are found in other animals, notably in some arthropods. True myelin, however, seems to be confined to true vertebrates, from the elasmobranchs up, and is strongly conserved in vertebrate evolution. Myelin has unique ultrastructural and biochemical components; it is formed by unique cells (in the CNS of warm-blooded vertebrates, by the oligodendrocytes); and it has a unique relationship to another cell, for normally it only forms around part of a neuron, almost always the axon. All this implies the existence of numerous DNA sequences which encode, not only for the structural components of adult myelin, but also for various steps of its development. Because myelin is strongly conserved, information about this DNA obtained from any mammal is likely to be directly applicable to other mammals including man.
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Wolf, M.K., Billings-Gagliardi, S. (1984). CNS Hypomyelinated Mutant Mice (Jimpy, Shiverer, Quaking): In Vitro Evidence for Primary Oligodendrocyte Defects. In: Lauder, J.M., Nelson, P.G. (eds) Gene Expression and Cell-Cell Interactions in the Developing Nervous System. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 181. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4868-9_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4868-9_10
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