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Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors

  • Chapter
Handbook of Neurochemistry

Abstract

Despite limitations imposed by their ubiquitous occurrence, universal neuronal excitant properties, and involvement in metabolic functions, glutamic (Glu) and aspartic (Asp) acids now satisfy many of the basic criteria employed to assess and ascribe a transmitter role to neuroactive substances.1-4 The dicarboxylate amino acids (AAs) exhibit a heterogeneous distribution in the mam malian central nervous system (CNS), being enriched, together with their synthetic enzymes, within synaptosomal fractions. Release of endogenous and exogenous AAs from CNS preparations by depolarizing stimuli has been demonstrated. Iontophoresed Glu, Asp, and their analogs produce neuronal excitation, mimicking the responses evoked by stimulation of excitatory pathways, and their actions are terminated by specific uptake mechanisms. Furthermore, specific synaptic binding proteins and receptor-mediated ionic fluxes and cyclic nucleotide generation associated with Glu and Asp have been detected and extensively evaluated.2-4

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  1. Najam A. Sharif

    Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, England

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA

    Najam A. Sharif

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  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Wards Island, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha

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Sharif, N.A. (1984). Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors. In: Lajtha, A. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4568-8_9

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