Skip to main content

Organization and Expression of the Chloroplast Genome of Euglena gracilis

  • Chapter
Structure and Function of Plant Genomes

Abstract

We have been involved in a characterization of the chloroplast (ct) genes of the unicellular photosynthetic eucaryote Euglena gracitis. Previous work from several different laboratories on physical mapping and cloning of this DNA, and on the characterization of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) operons has been recently reviewed.1 In the present article we describe our recent studies on the organization and expression of transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. Nucleotide sequence data is now available for 18 different species. We also describe a new Euglena chloroplast extract that catalyzes DNA-dependent, selective in vitro transcription of Euglena ct tRNA genes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. R. B. Hallick, Chloroplast DNA, in “The Biology of Euglena, Vol. IV,” D. E. Buetow, ed., Academic Press, New York, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  2. E. M. Southern Detection of Specific Sequences Among DNA Fragments Separated by Gel Electrophoresis, J. Mol. Biol. 98: 503 (1975).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. R. B. Hallick, K. E. Rushlow, E. M. Orozco, Jr., G. L. Stiegler, and P. W. Gray Chloroplast DNA of Euglena gracilis Gene Mapping and Selective in vitro Transcription of the Ribosomal RNA Region, ICN-UCLA Symp. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 127 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. E. M. Orozco Jr., and R. B. Hallick, Euglena gracilis Chloroplast Transfer RNA Transcription Units. I. Physical Map of the Transfer RNA Gene Loci, J. Biol. Chem. 257: 3258 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. M. R. El-Gewely, M. I. Lomax, E. T. Lau, R. B. Helling, W. Farmerie, and W. E. Barnett, A Map of Specific Cleavage Sites and tRNA Genes in the Chloroplast Genome of Euglena gracilis bacillaris, Mol. Gen. Genet 181:296 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  6. E. M. Orozco Jr., K. E. Rushlow, J. R. Dodd, and R. B. Hallick, Euglena gracilis Chloroplast Ribosomal RNA Transcription Units II. Nucleotide Sequence Homology Between the 16 S-23 S Ribosomal RNA Spacer and the 16 S Ribosomal RNA Leader Regions, J. Biol. Chem. 255: 10997 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. L. Graf, H. Kossel, and E. Stutz Sequencing of 16 S-23 S Spacer in a Ribosomal RNA Operon of Euglena gracilis Chloroplast DNA Reveals Two tRNA Genes, Nature 286: 908 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. E. M. Orozco Jr., and R. B. Hallick, Euglena gracilis Chloroplast Transfer RNA Transcription Units. II Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of a tRNAVal-tRNAAsn-tRNAArg-tRNALeu Gene Cluster, J. Biol. Chem. 257: 3265 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. M. J. Hollingsworth, and R. B. Hallick, Euglena gracilis Chloroplast Transfer RNA Transcription Units. Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of a tRNATyr-tRNAHis-tRNAMet-tRNATrp-tRNAGlu-tRNAGIy Gene Cluster, J. Biol. Chem. in press (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  10. G. D. Karabin and R. B. Hallick, Euglena gvaoilis Chloroplast Transfer RNA Transcription Units. Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of a tRNAThr-tRNAGly-tRNAMet-tRNASer-tRNAGln Gene Cluster, submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  11. S. H. Chang, C. K. Brum, M. Silberklang, U. L. RajBhandary, L. I. Hecker, and W. E. Barnett The First Nucleotide Sequence of an Organelle Transfer RNA:Chioroplastic tRNAPhe, Cell 9: 717 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J. A. Nickoloff and R. B. Hallick, Synthetic Deoxyoligonucleotides as General Probes for Transfer RNA Genes, submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  13. R. P. Singhal and P. A. M. Fallis, Structure Function, and Evolution of Transfer RNAs (with Appendix Giving Complete sequences of 178 tRNAs), Prog. Nucl. Acids Res, and Molec. Biol. 23: 227 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. K. E. Rushlow, E. M. Orozco, Jr., C. Lipper, and R. B. Hallick Selective in Vitro Transcription of Euglena Chloroplast Ribosomal RNA Genes by a Transcriptionally Active Chromosome, J. Biol. Chem. 255: 3786 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. W. Gruissem, D. M. Prescott, B. M. Greenberg, and R. B. Hallick Transcription of E. coli and Euglena Chloroplast tRNA Gene Clusters and Processing of the Polycistronic Transcripts in a HeLa Cell Free System, Cell 30: 81 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. M. R. El-Gewely, R. B. Helling, W. Farmerie, and W. E. Barnett Location of a Phenylalanine tRNA Gene on the Physical Map of the Euglena gracilis Chloroplast Genome, Gene 17: 337 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. G. L. Stiegler, H. M. Matthews, S. E. Bingham, and R. B. Hallick, The Gene for the Large Subunit of Ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase in Euglena gracilis Chloroplast DNA: Location, Polarity Cloning, and Evidence for an Intervening Sequence, Nucleic Acids Res. 10: 3427 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. J. Driesel, J. Speirs, and H. J. Bohnert, Spinach Chloroplast mRNA for a 32000 Dalton Polypeptide Size and Localization on the Physical Map of the Chloroplast DNA, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 610: 297 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. G. Zurawski, personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  20. P. Westhoff, N. Nelson, H. Bünemann, and R. G. Herrmann Localization of Genes for Coupling Factor Subunits on the Spinach Plastid Chromosome, Curr. Genetics 4: 109 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. J. C Watson and S. J. Surzycki Extensive Sequence Homology in the DNA Coding for Elongation Factor Tu from Esoherichia coli and the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Chloroplast, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 79: 2264 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. G. An and J. D. Friesen The Nucleotide Sequence of tufB and Four Nearby tRNA Structural Genes of Escherichia coli, Gene 12: 33 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. B. K. Chelm and R. B. Hallick Changes in the Expression of the Chloroplast Genome of Euglena gracilis during Chloroplast Development, Biochemistry 15: 593 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. H. Lehrach, D. Diamond, J. M. Wozney, and H. Boedtker, RNA Molecular Weight Determinations by Gel Electrophoresis under Denaturing Conditions, a Critical Reexamination, Biochemistry 16:4743 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  25. P. S. Thomas Hybridization of Denatured RNA and Small DNA Fragments Transferred to Nitrocellulose, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 77: 5201 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. B. K. Chelm, R. B. Hallick, and P. W. Gray Transcription Program of the Chloroplast Genome of Euglena gracilis during Chloroplast Development, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 76: 2258 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. J. R. Y. Rawson, C L. Boerma, W. H. Andrews, and C G. Wilkerson Complexity and Abundance of Ribonucleic Acid Transcribed from Restriction Endonuclease Fragments of Euglena Chloroplast Deoxyribonucleic Acid during Chloroplast Development, Biochemistry 20:2639 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. T. Yokota, H. Sugisaki, M. Takanami, and Y. Kaziro The Nucleotide Sequence of the Cloned tufA Gene of Escherichia coli, Gene 12: 25 (1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. L. McIntosh, C. Poulsen, and L. Bogorad Chloroplast Gene Sequence for the Large Subunit of Ribulose Bisphosphatecar-boxylase of Maize, Nature 288: 556 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. G. Zurawski, B. Perrot, W. Bottomley, and P. R. Whitfeld The Structure of the Gene for the Large Subunit of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase from Spinach Chloroplast DNA, Nucleic Acids Res. 9: 3251 (1981).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. M. Dron and J.-D. Rochaix, personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hallick, R.B. et al. (1983). Organization and Expression of the Chloroplast Genome of Euglena gracilis . In: Ciferri, O., Dure, L. (eds) Structure and Function of Plant Genomes. NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series, vol 63. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4538-1_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4538-1_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4540-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4538-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics