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Beneficial Effects of Endotoxins pp 529–554Cite as

Enhancement of Antitumor Resistance by Mycobacterial Products and Endotoxin

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Abstract

It has been more than 100 years since the suggestion was made that the control of cancer was mediated by immunologic methods. This hypothesis was based on the observation that tumors either partially or totally regressed in a few patients following an acute bacterial infection. In 1911, William Coley pioneered the study of mixed bacterial vaccines or their product known as “Coley’s toxin,” for treating cancers, and there is no doubt that these vaccines had some effect in many cases (Nauts et al., 1946). The effective ingredient appeared to be endotoxin, which caused hemorrhagic necrosis of the tumors. Thus, Gratia and Linz discovered in guinea pigs (1931) and Shwartzman and Michailovsky in mice (1932) that when animals with solid tumors are given single i.v. or i.p. inoculations with small doses of endotoxin, their tumors became hemorrhagic within 24 hr. This was originally done by analogy with the local Shwartzman reaction, with the idea that some hypothetical tumor virus might have prepared the site. It appeared that this type of tumor damage was mediated indirectly because little of the injected endotoxin would be likely to make contact with tumor cells, and would not exert any direct cytotoxicity in any case (Shapiro, 1940; Brailovsky et al., 1973).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ribi ImmunoChem Research, Inc., Hamilton, Montana, 59840, USA

    Edgar Ribi & John L. Cantrell

  2. William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA

    Kuni Takayama

  3. Department of Bacteriology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036, Japan

    Ken-ichi Amano

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  1. Edgar Ribi
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  2. John L. Cantrell
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  3. Kuni Takayama
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  4. Ken-ichi Amano
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Alois Nowotny

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© 1983 Plenum Press, New York

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Ribi, E., Cantrell, J.L., Takayama, K., Amano, Ki. (1983). Enhancement of Antitumor Resistance by Mycobacterial Products and Endotoxin. In: Nowotny, A. (eds) Beneficial Effects of Endotoxins. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4364-6_27

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4364-6_27

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