Skip to main content

What Is Different for Women Physicians?

  • Chapter
The Impaired Physician

Abstract

In the past decade medical schools have admitted substantially greater numbers of women students. Currently, 26.5% of matriculated students are women, compared with 9% in 1968.1 That women are no longer such a small minority and that their representation in the profession is continuing to increase are facts with far-reaching implications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. American Association of Medical Colleges Medical Student Information System, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hugunin MB (ed): Helping the impaired physician, in Proceedings of the AMA Conference on “The Impaired Physician: Answering the Challenge,” Atlanta, Feb. 4–6, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Vincent M: Women physicians as psychiatric patients, Can Psychiat Assoc J 21:461–465, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Green RC, Caroll GJ, Buxton WD: The Care and Management of the Sick and Incompetent Physician, Springfield, Illl, Charles C Thomas, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Phelps C: Women in American medicine, J Med Educ 43:916–924, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Crowley AE (ed): Medical education in the U.S. JAMA 234:1338, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Adsett C: Psychological health of medical students in relation to the medical education process, J Med Educ 43:728–734, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gove W, Tudor J: Adult sex roles and mental illness, Am J Sociol 78:812–835, 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Weinberg E, Rooney J: Performance of female medical students. J Med Educ 48:240, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Steppacher RC, Mausner JS: Suicide in male and female physicians, JAMA 228:323–328, 1974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Rosow I, Rose KD: Divorce among doctors, J Marriage and Family 34:587–598, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Berman E, Sacks S, Lief H: The two-professional marriage—a new conflict syndrome, J Sex and Marriage Therapy 1:242–253, 1975.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lief H: Doctors and marriage: The special pressures, Med World News Feb. 7, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kimball C: Medical education as a humanizing process, J Med Educ 48:71–77, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lief HI, Young K, Spruiel V, et al: Psychodynamic study of medical students and their adaptational problems. J Med Educ 35: 696–704, 1960.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Nadelson C, Notman M: unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Keniston K: The medical student, Yale J Biol Med 39:346–356, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Lucas CJ, Kelvin RP, Ojha AB: The psychological health of the pre-clinical medical student, Br J Psychiat 3:473–478, 1965.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. McGuire FL: Psycho-social studies of medical students: A critical review, J Med Educ 41:424–445, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Miller GE: Teaching and Teaming in Medical School, Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mudd JW, Siegel R: Sexuality—the experience and anxieties of medical students, N Engl J Med 281:1397–1404, 1967.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Notman M, Nadelson C: Medicine: A career conflict for women, Am J Psychiat 130:1123–1127, 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Olmsted A: Products and by-products of a new community-based medical school. Unpublished manuscript, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Bowers J: Special problems of female medical students, J Med Educ 43:532–537, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Campbell M: Why Would a Girl Go into Medicine? New York, The Feminist Press, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Epstein, C: Encountering the male establishment: Sex-status limits on women’s careers in the professions, Am J Sociol 15:6–9, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hilberman E, Konanc J, Perez-Reyes M, et al: Support groups for women in medical school: A first-year program, J Med Educ 50:867–875, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Roeske N: The quest for role models by women medical students, J Med Educ 52:459–466, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Westling-Wikstrand H, Monk M, Thomas CB: Some Characteristics related to the career status of women physicians, Johns Hopkins Med J 127:273–286, 1970.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Williams P: Women in medicine: Some themes and variations. J Med Educ 46:584–591, 1971.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Witte M, Arem A, Hoquin M: Women physicians in the U.S. medical schools: A preliminary report, JAMWA 31:211–216, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Edwards M, Zimet C: Problems and concerns among medical students, 1975, J Med Educ 51:619–625, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Lopate C: Women in Medicine, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1968, pp 27–35.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Matthew E: Attitude toward career and marriage, and development of life-style, J Counsel Psychiat 11:374–384, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Matthew MPH: Training and practice of women physicians, J Med Educ 45:1016–1024, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Cox, D: Youth into Maturity. New York, Mental Health Materials Center, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Cosa J, Coker RE Jr: The female physician in public health: Conflict and reconciliation of the sex and professional roles, Social Soc Res 49:294–305, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Nagley DL: Traditional and pioneer working mothers, J Vocat Behav 1:133, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Rosen-Hudson RA: Occupational role innovators and sex role attitudes, J Med Educ 49:554–561, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Horner M: Toward an understanding of achievement related conflicts in women, J Soc Issues 28:157–175, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Horner M: The motive to avoid success and the changing aspirations of college women, 1970, in Bardwick J (ed): Readings on the Psychology of Women, New York, Harper & Row, 1972, pp 62–67.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Notman M, Nadelson C, Bennett M: Achievement conflict in women: psychotherapeutic considerations, in Karger X (ed): Proceedings of the 10th International Congress for Psychotherapy, Basel, Switzerland, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Cartwright LK: Conscious factors entering into decisions of women to study medicine, J Soc Issues 282:201–215, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Cartwright LK: Personality differences in male and female medical students, Psychiat in Med 33:213–218, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Cartwright LK: The Personality and family background of a sample of women medical students at the, University of California. J Am Med Worn Assoc 27:260–261, 1972.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Fruen M, Rothman A, Steiner J: Comparison of characteristics of male and female medical school applicants, J Med Educ 49:137–145, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Roessler R, Collins MD, Forrest BS, et al: Sex similarities in successful medical school applicants, JAMWA 30:254–265, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Nadelson C, Notman M: Success and failure: Women as medical school applicants, JAMWA 29:167–172, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Rosenlund M, Oski F: Women in medicine, Ann Intern 66:1008–1012, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Shapiro C, Stilber B, Zelknoic A, et al: Careers of women physicians: A survey of women graduates from seven medical schools, 1945–1951, J Med Educ 43:1033–1040, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Cohen ED, Korper SP: Women in medicine: Exigencies in training career, Connect Med 40:103–110, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Duki WG: Study of medical school applicants, J Med Educ 46:837–857, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Hunter RCA, Schwartzman AE: A clinical view of study difficulties in a group of counselled medical students, J Med Educ 36:1295, 1961.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Sazlow G: Psychiatric problems of medical students, J Med Educ 31:27, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  55. McGrath E, Zimet G: Sex differences in specialty attitudes and personality among medical students, and their implications. Proceedings of 15th Annual Conference of the AAMC on Research in Medical Education, San Francisco, Nov. 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Nadelson C, Notman M: Success and failure: Women as medical school applicants, JAMWA 29:167–172, 1974.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Thomas CB: What becomes of medical students: The dark side, Johns Hopkins Med J 138:185–195, 1976.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Johnson F, Johnson C: Role strain in High commitment career women. J Am Acad Psychoanalysis 4(1):13–36, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Heins M, Smock M, Martindale L, Stein B, Jacobs J: A profile of the woman physician. J Amer Med Assoc 32(ll):421–427, 1977.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Heins M, Smock S, Jacobs J, Stein M: Productivity of women physicians. JAMA 236:1961–1964, 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Nadelson C, Notman M, Lowenstein P: The practice patterns, life styles, and stresses of women and men entering medicine: A follow-up study of Harvard Medical School graduates from 1967 to 1977. J Am Med Worn Assoc 34(11):400–406, 1979.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Valko R, Clayton P: Depression in internship. Dis Nerv Syst 36:26–29, 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Friedman R, Kornfeld D, Bigger R: Psychological problems associated with sleep deprivation in interns. J Med Ed 48:436–441, 1973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Friedman R, Bigger R, Kornfeld D: The intern and sleep loss. N Engl J Med 285:201–203, 1971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Plenum Publishing Corporation

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nadelson, C.C., Notman, M.T. (1983). What Is Different for Women Physicians?. In: Scheiber, S.C., Doyle, B.B. (eds) The Impaired Physician. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4304-2_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4304-2_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4306-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4304-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics