Skip to main content

Language-Cognitive Disorganization Following Closed Head Injury: A Conceptualization

  • Chapter

Abstract

Closed head injury (CHI), defined here as a blow to the head which may or may not produce a skull fracture, does not cause tearing of the dura but does alter the individual’s level of consciousness, frequently causes profound language and cognitive impairments that present the Speech-Language Pathologist with a diagnostic, prognostic and treatment challenge that is at once unique and complex. If the traditional language assessment instruments are applied one will obtain a diagnosis, prognosis and embark on a course of treatment only to find that all three aspects of patient management are inapropriate later that day, the following day or week. However, if one waits until the patient “stabilizes” they will find that not only have two to three months of valuable treatment time been lost but also that they are now confronted with a patient who has developed coping strategies that interfere with the effectiveness of treatment. Clearly, such patients cannot be successfully understood, diagnosed and treated within the framework of our traditional approach to language disorders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, R. and Sidmann, R.L. Introduction to neurophathology. New York: The Blakeston Division, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arseni, C., Constantinovici, A. and Iliesca, D. Considerations on post traumatic aphasia in peace time. Psychitria, Neurologia, Neurochirurgica, 1970, 73, 105–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayres, A.J. Southern California Figure-Ground Visual Perception Test, Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, H.J. and Leland, B. Detroit Test of Learning Aptitude, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benton, A.L. The Revised Visual Retention Test, New York: The Psychological Corporation, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brain, L. and Walton, J.N. Brain’s diseases of the nervous system, 7th edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brock, S. Injuries of brain and spinal cord, 4th edition. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, D.N. Memory and head injury. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1972, 155, 350–355.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caveness, W.F. Introduction to head injuries. In Walker, E., Caveness, W., and Cutchley, M. (Eds.), The late effects of head injury. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, A.L. Luria’s neuropsychological investigation. New York: Spectrum, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Courville, C.B. Coup, contre-coup mechanisms of craniocerebral injuries: Some observations. Archives of Surgery, 1942, 45, 19–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Courville, C.B. and Amyes, E.W. Late residual lesions of the brain consequent to durai hemmorrhage. Bulletin Los Angeles Neurology Society, 1952, 17, 163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronholm, B. Evaluation of mental disturbances after acute head injury. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 1972, 4, 35–38.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dye, O.A., Milby, J.B., and Saxon, S.A. Effects of early neurological problems following head trauma on subsequent neuropsychological performance. Acta Neurologic Scandinavia, 1979, 59, 10–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fahy, T.J., Irving, M.H., and Millac, P. Severe head injuries. Lancet, 1967, 7514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Field, J.R. Head injuries pathophysiology. Journal of the Arkansas Medical Association. 1970, 66, 340–347.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frostig, M. Developmental Test of Visual Perception. Chicago: Follett, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glasser, M.A. and Shafer, F.P. Skull and brain traumas: Their sequalae: Clinical review of 255 cases. Journal of American Medical Association, 1932, 98, 271–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, R., Fristoe, M. and Woodcock, R.W. G-F-W Sound Symbol Tests. Circle Pines: American Guidance Service, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, R., Fristoe, M. and Woodcock, R.W. G-F-W Auditory Memory Tests. Circle Pines: American Guidance Service, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, R., Fristoe, M. and Woodcock, R.W. G-F-W Tast of Auditory Discrimination. Circle Pines: American Guidance Service, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, K. and Scheerer, M. Goldstein-Scheerer Object Sorting Test. New York: The Psychological Corporation, 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, K. and Scheerer, M. Goldstein-Scheerer Stick Test. New York: The Psychological Corporation, 1945.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield, J.G. Some observations on cerebral injuries. Procedings Royal Society of Medicine, 1938–1939, 32, 45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield, J.G. and Russell, D.S. Traumatic lesions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. In Blackwood, W. (Ed.), Green-field’s neuropathology. Chicago: Year Book, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Groher, M. Language and memory disorders following closed head trauma. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1977, 20, 212–223.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hagen, C. and Malkmus, D. Intervention strategies for language disorders secondary to head trauma. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Convention Short Course, Atlanta: 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, H., Darley, F.L. and Brown, J.R. Differential language and neurologic characteristics in cerebral involvement. Journal Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1973, 38, 162–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heilman, K.M., Safron, A. and Geschwind, N. Closed head trauma and aphasia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1971, 34, 265–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooper, R. Patterns of acute head injury. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, N. and Rizzoli, H.V. Complications following the surgical treatment of head injuries, Clinical Neurosurgery. Proceedings of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, 1966, 277–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen, S.A. The post traumatic syndrome following head injuries - Mechanisms and techniques. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, S.A., McCarthy, and Kirk, W.D. Illinois Test Psycholinguistic Abilities. University of Illinois, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, H.S., Grossman, R.G., Rose, J.E. and Teasdale, J. Long term neuropsychological outcome of closed head injury. Journal of Neurosurgery, 1979, 50, 412–422.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, W. The management of head injuries. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandleberg, I.A. and Brooks, D.N. Cognitive recovery after severe head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1975, 38, 1121–1126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, J.S., and Denny-Brown, D. Studies of cerebral circulation in brain injury. II. Cerebral concussion. Neurophysiology, 1955, 7, 529–544.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, E. Simple and choice reaction time following severe head injury. Cortex, 1970, 6, 121–127.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, H. and Stern, G. The long term prognosis of severe head injury. Lancet, 1965, 225–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, R.W. Cerebral involvement in head injury. Brain, 1932, 55, 549–603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, W.R. and Smith, A. Post-traumatic amnesia in closed head injury. Archives of Neurology, 1961, 5, 4–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schilder, P. Psychic disturbance after head injuries. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1934, 91, 155–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E. Influence of site of impact on cognitive impairment persisting long after severe closed head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 1974, 37, 719–726.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strick, S.J. Diffuse degeneration of the cerebral white matter in severe dementia following head injury. Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 1956, 19, 163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen, I.V. Evaluation and outcome of aphasia in patients with severe closed head trauma. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 1975, 38, 713–718.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomlinson, B.E. Pathology. In Rawbothm, G.F. (Ed.), Acute injuries of the head, 4th Edition. Edinburgh, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, A.E., Kabros, J.J. and Case, T.J. The physiological basis of concussion. Journal of Neurosurgery, 1944, 1, 103–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, E., Caveness, W. and Critchley, M. (Eds.) The late effects of head injury. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. New York: The Psychological Corporation, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. and Stone, C.P. Wechsler Memory Scale. New York: The Psychological Corporation, 1945.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weigl, E., Goldstein, K. and Scheerer, M. Color Form Sorting Test. New York: The Psychological Corporation, 1945.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hagen, C. (1982). Language-Cognitive Disorganization Following Closed Head Injury: A Conceptualization. In: Trexler, L.E. (eds) Cognitive Rehabilitation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4250-2_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4250-2_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4252-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4250-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics