Skip to main content

Male Inexpressiveness

Psychological and Social Aspects

  • Chapter
Men in Transition

Abstract

Manhood has traditionally been defined not only in terms of what “real” men should do, but also in terms of what a real man would not be caught doing. Inexpressiveness is one of the characteristics of males which has traditionally been defined in negative terms. An expressive male is simply one who has feelings and verbally expresses them. An inexpressive male is one who does not verbally express his feelings, either because he has no feelings or because he has been socialized not to. Another way to think of inexpressiveness is as the lack of affective self-disclosure (see Chapter 16, by Dosser).

Another thing I learned—if you cry, the audience won’t. A man can cry for his horse, for his dog, for another man, but he cannot cry for a woman. A strange thing. He can cry at the death of a friend or a pet. But where he’s supposed to be boss, with his child or wife, something like that, he better hold’em back and let them cry. John Wayne1

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Wayne J: as reported in, A Forum for Changing Men 56:2, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  2. Balswick J: Types of inexpressive male roles, in Men In Difficult Times. Edited by Lewis RA. New York, Prentice-Hall, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  3. Balswick J: The effect of spouse companionship support on employment success. J Marriage Fam 32: 212–215, 1970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Hurvitz N: Marital strain in the blue-collar family, in Blue-Collar World. Edited by Shostak A, Gomberg W. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, pp 92–109

    Google Scholar 

  5. Komarovsky M: Blue-Collar Marriage. New York, Random House, 1962

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rainwater L: Family Design: Marital Sexuality, Family Size and Contraception. Chicago, Aldine, 1965

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bronfenbrenner U: Some familial antecendents of responsibility and leadership in adolescents, in Leadership and Interpersonal Behavior. Edited by Petrullo L, Bass B. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961, pp 239–271

    Google Scholar 

  8. Emmerich W: Parental identification in young children. Genetic Psychol Monographs 60: 257–308, 1959

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Johnson MM: Sex role learning in the nuclear family. Child Dev 34: 319–333, 1963

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Fromm E: Man For Himself: An Inquiry Into the Psychology of Ethics. Greenwich, Fawcett Press, 1947, pp 75–89

    Google Scholar 

  11. Maccoby EE, Jacklin CN: The Psychology of Sex Differences. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  12. Meador C: Expressiveness: Self concept and sex differences in children, unpublished paper, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  13. Balkwell C, Balswick J, Balkwell J: On black and white family patterns in America: Their impact on the expressive aspect of sex-role socialization. J Marriage Fam 40: 743–747, 1978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Balswick J, Avertt C: Differences in expressiveness: Gender, interpersonal orientation, and perceived parental expressiveness as contributing factors. J Marriage Fam 38: 121–127, 1977

    Google Scholar 

  15. Allen J, Haccoun D: Sex differences in emotionality: A multidimensional approach. Human Relations 8: 711–722, 1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Jourard SM: Age trends in self-disclosure. Merrill-Palmer Quart 7: 191–197, 1961

    Google Scholar 

  17. Jourard SM, Landsman MJ: Cognition, catharsis, and the “dyadic effect” in men’s self-disclosing literature. Merrill-Palmer Quart 6: 178–186, 1960

    Google Scholar 

  18. Jourard SM, Lasakow P: Some factors in self-disclosure. J Abnorm Soc Psychol 56: 92–98, 1958

    Google Scholar 

  19. Jourard SM: The Transparent Self. Princeton, New Jersey, Van Nostrand, 1964

    Google Scholar 

  20. Levinger L, Senn P: Disclosure of feelings in marriage. Merrill-Palmer Quart 13: 237–249, 1967

    Google Scholar 

  21. Fuller FF: Influence of sex of counselor and of client on client expressions of feeling. J Counseling Psychol 10: 34–40, 1963

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Janofsky AI: Affective self-disclosure in telephone versus face to face interviews. J Humanistic Psychol 11: 93–103, 1971

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Highlen PS, Gillis SF: Effects of situational factors, sex, and attitude on affective self-disclosure and anxiety. J Counseling Psychol 25: 270–276, 1978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Highlen PS, Johnston B: Effects of situational variables on affective self-disclosure with acquaintances. J Counseling Psychol 26: 255–258, 1979

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Balswick J: The inexpressive male: Functional conflict and role theory as contrasting explanations. Fam Relations 28: 331–336, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  26. Turner RH: Moral judgment: A study in roles. Am Sociol Rev 17: 70–77, 1962

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Blumer H: Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1969

    Google Scholar 

  28. Turner RH: Family Interaction. New York, Wiley, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zelditch MM: Role differentiation in the nuclear family: A comparative study, in Family, Socialization, and Interaction Process, Edited by Parson I, Bales RF. Glencoe, Free Press, 1955, pp 307–351

    Google Scholar 

  30. Hartley RE: Sex-role pressures and the socialization of the male child. Psychol Rep 5: 457–468, 1959

    Google Scholar 

  31. Brown DG: Masculinity-femininity development in children. J Counseling Psychol 21: 197–203, 1957

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gray SW: Masculinity-femininity in relation to anxiety and social acceptance. Child Dev 28: 203–214, 1957

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hacker HM: The new burdens of masculinity. Marriage Fam Living 19: 227–233, 1957

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Coleman JS: The Adolescent Society. New York, Free Press, 1962

    Google Scholar 

  35. Hollingshead AB: Elmstown’s Youth. New York, Wiley, 1949

    Google Scholar 

  36. Hannarz U: Soulside. New York, Columbia University Press, 1969

    Google Scholar 

  37. Leibow E: Tally’s Corner. Boston, Little, Brown, 1967

    Google Scholar 

  38. Whyte WF: Street Corner Society. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1943

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kieser RL: The Vice Lords. New York, Holt, 1969

    Google Scholar 

  40. Miller B: Lower class culture as a generation milieu of gang delinquency. J Soc Issues 121: 5–19, 1958

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Rosenberg B, Silverstein H: The Varieties of Delinquent Experience. Waltham, Blaisdell, 1969

    Google Scholar 

  42. Short JF, Strodtbeck FL: Group Process and Gang Delinquency. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1965

    Google Scholar 

  43. Sattel JW: The inexpressive male: Tragedy or sexual politics? Soc Problems 23: 469–477, 1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Balswick J, Peek C: The inexpressive male: A tragedy of American society. Fam Coordinator 20: 363–368, 1971

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. L’Abate L: Inexpressive males or overexpressive females? A reply to Balswick. Fam Relations 29: 229–230, 1980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Chodorow N: The Reproduction of Mothering. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kirkwood J: P.S. Your Cat Is Dead. New York, Warner, 1973, p 23

    Google Scholar 

  48. Korda M: Male Chauvinism: How It Works. New York, Random House, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  49. Balswick J, Peek CW: The inexpressive male and family relationships during early adulthood. Soc Symposium 4: 1–12, 1970

    Google Scholar 

  50. Cuber JF, Harroff PB: The Significant Americans: A Study of Sexual Behavior among the Affluent. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1965

    Google Scholar 

  51. Burgess EW, Locke HJ: The Family. NewYork, American Book, 1955

    Google Scholar 

  52. Blood R, Wolfe D: Husbands and Wives: The Dynamics of Married Living. Glencoe, Free Press, 1960

    Google Scholar 

  53. Heiss JS: Degree of intimacy and male-female interaction. Sociometry 25: 197–208, 1962

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Leik RK: Instrumentality and emotionality in family interaction. Sociometry 26: 131–45, 1963

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Bartemeier L: The contribution of the father to the mental health of the family. Am J Psychiatry 110: 277–280, 1953

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Benson L: Fatherhood: A Sociological Perspective. New York, Random House, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  57. Brenton M: The American Male. New York, Coward-McCann, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  58. Balswick J: Why husbands can’t say “I Love You.” Woman’s Day 64:66, 67, 160, 1974

    Google Scholar 

  59. Pleck JH: The male sex role: Definitions, problems, and sources of change. J Soc Issues 32: 155–164, 1976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Benedict R: Continuities and discontinuities in cultural conditioning. Psychiatry 1: 161–167, 1938

    Google Scholar 

  61. Guttman D: Women and the concept of ego strength. Merrill-Palmer Quart 11: 229–240, 1965

    Google Scholar 

  62. David DS, Brannon R: The Forty-Nine Percent Majority: The Male Sex Role. Reading, Massachusetts, Addison-Wesley, 1976

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Balswick, J.O. (1982). Male Inexpressiveness. In: Solomon, K., Levy, N.B. (eds) Men in Transition. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4211-3_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4211-3_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4213-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4211-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics