Skip to main content

The Pros and Cons of Derivatization in the Chromatographic Determination of Food Additives

  • Chapter
Book cover Chemical Derivatization in Analytical Chemistry

Part of the book series: Modern Analytical Chemistry ((MOBI,volume 2))

Abstract

In a recent review(1) by the present authors the use of derivatization in the chromatographic analysis of food additives was discussed. During the preparation of that review, however, it was recognized that many of the modern high-performance liquid chromatographic (LC) techniques, and indeed some of the gas-liquid chromatographic (GC) techniques, could not be included since most of these procedures related only to the underivatized compounds. In the present chapter such deficiencies are corrected and both LC and GC techniques are discussed in which derivatization may or may not be employed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. H. B. S. Conacher and B. D. Page, J. Chromatogr. Sci. 17, 188 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. D. S. Smyly, B. B. Woodward, and E. C. Conrad, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 59, 14 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A. Sioufi and F. Pommier, J. Chromatogr. 181, 161 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. P. Husek and K. Macek, J. Chromatogr. 113, 139 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. D. T. Williams, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 57, 1383 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. G. J. Dickes and P. V. Nicholas, Gas Chromatography in Food Analysis, Butter-worths, London (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  7. G. J. Dickes, Talanta 26, 1065 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. J.-G. Faugere, Ann. Falsif. Expert. Chim. 72, 227 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. R. Macrae, J. Food Technol. 15, 93 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. T. N. Tweeten and C. B. Euston, Food Technol. 34 (12), 29 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. G. Charalambous, ed., Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Food and Beverages, Vol. 1, Academic Press, London (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  12. M. J. Saxby, in Developments in Food Analysis Techniques, R. D. King, ed., Applied Science Publishing Co., London (1978). pp. 125–153.

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. M. Murphy and H. R. Hibbert, J. Food Technol. 4, 227 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. F. J. Baur, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 50, 85 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. A. Dieffenbacher and U. Bracco, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 55, 642 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. R. M. Ma and M. P. Morris, Food Additives Analytical Manual, rev. May 1968, U.S. Department of HEW, FDA, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  17. H. B. S. Conacher and D. Niarchos, unpublished data.

    Google Scholar 

  18. F. P. Wetterau, V. L. Olsanski, and C. F. Smullin, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 41, 791 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J. M. Murphy and L. M. Grisley, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 46, 384 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. F. Lawrence, J. R. lyengar, and H. B. S. Conacher, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 64, 1462 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. L. Gildenberg and J. R. Trowbridge, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 43, 69 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. F. Manca and G. Coppola, J. Chromatogr. 60, 411 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. V. R. Huebner, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 36, 262 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. R. D. Wood, P. K. Raju, and R. Reiser, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 43, 161 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. M. R. Sahasrabudhe, J. J. Legari, and W. P. McKinley, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 49, 337 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. M. R. Sahasrabudhe and J. J. Legari, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 44, 379 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. R. Sahasrabudhe, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 44, 376 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. M. R. Sahasrabudhe and J. J. Legari, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 45, 148 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. M. R. Sahasrabudhe and R. K. Chadha, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 46, 8 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. J. Blum and W. R. Koehler, Lipids 5, 601 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. J. Törnquist, Acta Chem. Scand. 20, 572 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. S. Lee and N. A. Puttnam, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 43, 690 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. K. Tsuji and K. Konishi, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 51, 55 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. K. Tsuji and K. Konishi, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 52, 106 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. K. Aitzetmüller, M. Böhrs, and E. Arzberger, Fette Seifen Anstrichm. 81, 436 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. H. Brüschweiler, Mitt. Geb. Lebensmittelunters. Hyg. 68, 46 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  37. H. B. S. Conacher, R. K. Chadha, and M. R. Sahasrabudhe, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 46, 558 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. H. B. S. Conacher, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 56, 692 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  39. J. F. Lawrence, R. K. Chadha, and H. B. S. Conacher, manuscript in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  40. H. B. S. Conacher and R. K. Chadha, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 55, 511 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. H. B. S. Conacher, R. K. Chadha, and J. R. Iyengar, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 56, 1264 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. M. F. Laker, J. Chromatogr. 184, 457 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. S. W. Gunner, J. K. W. Jones, and M. B. Perry, Can. J. Chem. 39, 1892 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. J. A. House, J. A. Hubicki, and G. G. Hazen, Anal. Chem. 34, 1567 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. H. G. Jones, D. M. Smith, and M. Sahasrabudhe, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 49, 1183 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. H. K. Hundley, J. Assoc. OIT Anal. Chem. 51, 1272 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. A. Bertrand and R. Pissard, Ann. Falsif. Expert. Chim. 69, 571 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. J. Szafranek, C. D. Pfaffenberger, and E. C. Horning, Anal. Lett. 6, 479 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. C. T. Bishop, Adv. Carbohyd. Chem. 19, 95 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. J. R. Clamp, T. Bhatte, and R. E. Chambers, Methods Biochem. Anal. 19, 229 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. E. Pitkänen, Clin. Chem. Acta 38, 221 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. C. C. Sweeley, R. Bentley, M. Makita, and W. W. Wells, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85, 2497 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. M. F. Laker and J. N. Mount, Clin. Chem. 26, 441 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. P. Storset, O. Stokke, and E. Jellum, J. Chromatogr. 145, 351 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. E. Fernandez-Florez and V. H. Blomquist, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 56, 1267 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  56. D. A. Kline, E. Fernandez-Flores, and A. R. Johnson, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 53, 1198 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. F. A. Moseley, J. S. Salinsky, and R. W. Woods, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 61, 164 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. F. Eisenberg, Jr., Carbohyd. Res. 19, 135 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. M. P. Rabinowitz, P. Reisberg, and J. I. Bodin, J. Pharm. Sci. 63, 1601 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. D. L. Sondack, J. Pharm. Sci. 64, 128 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Y. S. Ovodov and E. V. Evtushenko, J. Chromatogr. 31, 527 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. S. Hakomori, J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 55, 205 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. W. A. Davis and C. G. Hartford, in Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Food and Beverages, Vol. II, G. Charalambous, ed., Academic Press, London (1979), p. 353.

    Google Scholar 

  64. M. A. Lawson, G. R. Takeoka, and G. F. Russell, in Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Food and Beverages, Vol. 11, G. Charalambous, ed., Academic Press, London (1979), p. 379.

    Google Scholar 

  65. E. C. Conrad and J. K. Palmer, Food Technol. 30 (10), 84 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. D. J. Timbie and P. G. Keeney, J. Food Sci. 42, 1590 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. R. Schwarzenbach, J. Chromatogr. 117, 206 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. R. Schwarzenbach, J. Chromatogr. 140, 304 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. E. C. Samarco, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 60, 1318 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. J. Wong-Chong and F. A. Martin, J. Agric. Food Chem. 27, 929 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. J. Dokladalova, A. Y. Barton, and E. A. Mackenzie, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 63, 664 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. J. K. Palmer and W. B. Brauder, J. Agric. Food Chem. 22, 709 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. K. Aitzetmüller, J. Chromatogr. 156, 354 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. S. C. C. Brandao, M. L. Richmond, J. I. Gray, I. D. Morton, and C. M. Stine, J. Food Sci. 45, 1492 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. F. Nachtmann and K. W. Budna, J. Chromatogr. 136, 279 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. M. L. Richmond, S. C. C. Brandao, J. I. Gray, P. Markakis, and C. M. Stine, J. Agric. Food Chem. 29, 4 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. W. Groebel, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 129, 153 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. H. B. S. Conacher and R. C. O’Brien, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 53, 1117 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. R. J. Daun, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 54, 1140 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Y. Hoshino, T. Suzuki, Y. Kikuchi, N. Nose, and A. Watanabe, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 16, 182 (1975); Anal. Abstr. 31, 5F19 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. I. Nagai, H. Oka, M. Tasaka, and A. Oka, J. Hyg. Chem. 21, 261 (1975); Anal. Abstr. 30, 6F23 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  82. H. B. S. Conacher and R. C. O’Brien, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 54, 1135 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. T. Vondonhof, K. W. Glombitza, and M. Steiner, Sci. Pharm. 41, 155 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  84. K. Nagasawa, T. Shinozuka, and A. Ogamo, J. Hyg. Chem. 20, 337 (1974); Anal. Abstr. 30, 2F39 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  85. K. Nagasawa, A. Ogamo, and T. Shinozuka, J. Chromatogr. 111, 51 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. R. Gerstl and K. Ranfft, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 258, 110 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. D. Larry, M. J. Fuller, and P. G. Harrill, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 53, 698 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. D. I. Rees, Analyst 90, 568 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. M. L. Richardson and P. E. Luton, Analyst 91, 520 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. J. A. W. Dalziel, R. M. Johnson, and A. J. Shenton, Analyst 97, 719 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. W. Groebel and A. Wessels, Dtsch. Lebens. Rundsch. 68, 393 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. P. H. Derse and R. J. Daun, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 49, 1090 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. D. E. Johnson, H. B. Nunn, and S. Bruckenstein, Anal. Chem. 40, 368 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. J. W. Howard, T. Fazio, B. A. Klimeck, and R. H. White, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 52, 492 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. S. W. Gunner and R. C. O’Brien, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 52, 1200 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. R. E. Weston and B. B. Wheals, Analyst 95, 680 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. H. Kuroda and H. Hirose, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 12, 322 (1971); Chem. Abstr. 76, 447–562 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  98. I. Furda, P. D. Malizia, M. G. Kolor, and P. J. Vernieri, J. Agric. Food Chem. 23, 340 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. J. D. Tweedy, G. P. Heffelfinger, and A. Waldrop, Food Prod. Dev. 12 (9), 42 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  100. B. B. Woodward, G. P. Heffelfinger, and D. I. Ruggles, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 62, 1011 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. J. J. Nelson, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 59, 243 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. M.-Y. Eng, C. Calayan, and J. M. Talmage, J. Food Sci. 42, 1060 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. M. Tenenbaum and G. E. Martin, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 60, 1321 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Y. Tanaka, K. lkebe, R. Tanaka, and N. Kurrita, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 16, 295 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. U. Leuenberger, R. Gauch, and E. Baumgartner, J. Chromatogr. 173, 343 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. L. Fox, G. D. Anthony, and E. P. K. Lau, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 59, 1048 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. M. Nishijima, M. Kanmuri, S. Takahashi, H. Kaminura, M. Nakazato, Y. Watari, and Y. Kimura, J. Food. Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 17, 78 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. T. H. Beasley Sr., H. W. Ziegler, and A. D. Bell, J. Chromatogr. 175, 350 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Y. Kitada, K. Tamase, M. Saski, and Y. Nishikawa, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 21, 354 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. R. Schwarzenbach, J. Chromatogr. 129, 31 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. J.-P. Wolff and F. Audiau, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 10, 2662 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  112. K. T. Hartman and L. C. Rose, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 47, 7 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. D. A. Kline, F. L. Joe, and T. Fazio, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 63, 513 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  114. M. E. Endean, The Detection and Determination of Food Antioxidants—A Literature Review, The British Food Manufacturing Industries Research Association, Scientific and Technical Surveys No. 91, Leatherhead, Surrey, United Kingdom (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  115. Y. Ito, M. Toyoda, S. Ogawa, and M. lwaida, J. Hyg. Chem. Jpn. 24, 338 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Y. Ito, M. Toyoda, H. Suzuki, S. Ogawa, and M. Iwaida, J. Food Protect. 43, 832 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. M. Nakazato, M. Kanmuri, T. Ariga, K. Fujinuma, and Y. Naoi, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 21, 64 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. M. Toyoda, S. Ogawa, Y. Tonogai, Y. Ito, and M. Iwaida, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 63, 1135 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. J. R. Senten, J. M. Waumans, and J. M. Clement, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 60, 505 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. S. Fukushima, T. Kashimato, K. Koyama, K. Konisi, and T. Tobayashi, Osakafuritsu Koshu Eisei Kenkyusho Kenkyu Hokuko, Shokuhin Eisei Hen 9, 19 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. J. Singh and M. Lapointe, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 57, 804 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. H. Bieth, P. Laugel and M. Hasselmann, Ann. Falsif. Expert. Chim. 71, 69 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. G. Keen and M. S. Green, J. Assoc. Publ. Analysts 13, 99 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. T. Maruyama, C. Murakami, H. Kanematsu, I. Niiya, and M. Imamura, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 18, 283 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. T. Nishimoto and M. Uyeta, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 5, 287 (1964); Anal. Abstr. 33, 409 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  126. D. F. McCaulley, T. Fazio, J. W. Howard, F. M. DiCiurcio, and J. Ives, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 50, 243 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. T. Fazio, J. W. Howard, and A. Sandoval, J. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem. 51, 17 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. S. Kato, M. Shimoda, and T. Sasaki, Bull. Nat. Inst. Hyg. Sci. Tokyo 87, 24 (1968); Chem. Abstr. 75, 117186e (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  129. W. Wachs and L. Gassman, Dtsch. Lebens. Rundsch. 66, 37 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. E. E. Stoddard, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 55, 1081 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  131. W. Groebel and A. Wessels, Dtsch. Lebens. Rundsch. 69, 453 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. A. Karleskind and G. Valmalle, Rev. Fr. Corps Gras 23, 431 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. J. F. Klebe, H. Finkbeiner, and D. M. White, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 88, 3390 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. K. Silbereisen and B. Wagner, Monatsschr. Brau. 23, 57 (1970); Anal. Abstr. 20, 3400 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  135. U. P. Buxtorf and V. Pavesic, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 163, 104 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. S. Dilli and K. Robards, J. Chromatogr. 133, 363 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. B. D. Page and B. P. C. Kennedy, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 59, 1208 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. H. Ehrsson, T. Walle, and H. Brötell, Acta. Pharm. Suec. 8, 319 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. B. Winell, Analyst 101, 883 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. J. Sedlar, R. Foniokova, and J. Pac, Analyst 99, 50 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. T. Mizutani and T. Ohe, J. Hyg. Chem. 22, 260, 265 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. W. P. King, K. T. Joseph, and P. T. Kissinger, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 63, 137 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. R. E. Majors, Anal. Chem. 45, 755 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. E. G. Constante, Grasas Aceites (Seville) 26, 150 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  145. W. G. Doeden, R. H. Bowers, and A. C. Ingala, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 56, 12 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. H.-U. Melchert, Chem. Mikrobiol. Technol. Lebensm. 2, 94 (1973); Anal. Abstr. 27, 1671 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  147. R. E. Majors and E. L. Johnson, J. Chromatogr. 167, 17 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. K. J. Hammond, J. Assoc. Publ. Analysts 16, 17 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. A. M. Phipps, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 50, 21 (1073).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  150. B. D. Page, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 62, 1239 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. P. Y. Vigneron and P. Spicht, Rev. Fr. Corps Gras 17, 295 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. P. J. van Niekerk and L. M. du Plessis, J. Chromatogr. 187, 436 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  153. J. A. Gosselé, J. Chromatogr. 63, 429 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  154. T. Matsuzawa and T. Kozu, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 17, 381 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  155. J. P. Goddijn, M. van Praag, and H. J. Hardon, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 123, 300 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  156. E. Fogden, M. Fryer, and S. Urry, J. Assoc. Public Anal. 12, 93 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. B. Larsson and G. Fuchs, Swed. J. Agric. Res. 4, 109 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. P. Daenens and L. Laruelle, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 56, 1515 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. J. Vogel and J. Deshusses, Mitt. Geb. Lebensmittelunters. Hyg. 56, 35 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. M. H. Lewis, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 51, 876 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. B. Nobe and R. L. Stanley, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 48, 791 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. M. E. Neale and J. Ridlington, J. Assoc. Public Anal. 16, 135 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. A. Bertrand and C. Sarre, Connaiss. Vigne Vin 9, 267 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. A. Bertrand and C. Sarre, Ann. Falsif. Expert. Chim. 71, 35 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. L. C. Zygmunt, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 62, 939 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. M. Toyoda, T. Kanamori, Y. Ito, and M. Iwaida, Eisei Kagaku 23, 100 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Y. Ito, Y. Tonagai, and M. Iwaida, Eiyo to Shokuryo 29, 44 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. D. E. Lacroix and N. P. Wong, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 54, 361 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. W. Rauter and W. Wolkerstorfer, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 169, 435 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. K. Noda, N. Kenjo, and T. Takahashi, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 14, 253 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. W. Stark, G. Urbach, J. W. Crew, and B. Young, Austr. J. Dairy Technol. 31, 88 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. A. Graveland, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 55, 1024 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. J. Hild and C. Gertz, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 170, 110 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. M. Iwaida, Y. Ito, M. Toyoda, and H. Suzuki, Eisei Shikensho Hokuku 95, 54 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. F. B. Jones, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 56, 1415 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. E. G. C. Clarke, D. J. Humphreys, and E. Stoipis, Analyst 97, 433 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. C. Gertz and J. Hild, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 170, 103 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. R. C. Chandan, J. F. Gordon, and A. Morrison, Milchwissenschaft 32, 534 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. M. Iwaida, Y. Ito, M. Toyoda, and T. Kanamori, Bull. Nat. Inst. Hyg. Sci. Tokyo 94, 62 (1976); Food Sci. Technol. Abstr., 11J1667 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  180. A. Geahchan, M. Pierson, and P. Chambon, J. Chromatogr. 176, 123 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. G. Wurdig, Dtsch. Lebens. Rundsch. 62, 147 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  182. W. Groebel, Dtsch. Lebens. Rundsch. 61, 209 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. F. Bandion, Mitt. Rebe. Wein. Obstbau Früchteverwert. 24, 259 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. D. Revuelta, G. Revuelta, and F. Armisen, An. Quim. 71, 179 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. F. Di Stefano, A. Vercillo, and L. Boniforti, Boll. Lab. Chim. Prov. 15, 523 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  186. L. Boniforti, F. Di Stefano, and A. Vercillo, Boll. Lab. Chim. Prov. 12, 505 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. J. Hulstkamp and G. Steiger, Schweiz. Milchwirtsch. Forsch. 7, 15 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  188. A. E. Stanford and D. R. Black, J. Agric. Food Chem. 26, 1442 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  189. T. Okamoto, Kagawa-ken Hakko Shokuhin Shikenjo Hokoku 70, 34 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. N. Nose, Y. Hoshino, T. Suzuki, Y. Kikuchi, and A. Watanabe, J. Food. Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 17, 290 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. I. Takemura, Jpn. Analyst 20, 61 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. I. Yamashita, K. Udaka, and T. Tamura, Nihon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkai-shi 19, 194 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. C. C. Banda, Agric. Tech. (Santiago) 5, 204 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  194. C. C. Banda, Agric. Tech. (Santiago) 5, 209 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  195. M. Ishikawa, Shizuoka-ken Eisei Kenkyusho Hokoku 22, 89 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. W. A. Wildanger, Chromatographia 6, 381 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. J. J. Nelson, J. Chromatogr. Sci. 11, 28 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. M. Ueta and M. Mazaki, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 18, 278 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. M. A. McCalla, G. Frances, and W. H. Kipp, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 60, 71 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. M. C. Bennett and D. R. Petrus, J. Food Sci. 42, 1220 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. L. Ciraolo, R. Calapaj, and M. T. Clasadonte, Rass. Chim. 29, 181 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. M. T. Clasadonte, L. Ciraolo, and R. Calapaj, Rass. Chim. 29, 233 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. F. Eisenbeiss, M. Weber, and S. Ehlerding, Chromatographia 10, 262 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. G. Clarke and I. A. Rashid, Analyst 102, 685 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. R. Schuster and K. Wessely, Hewlett-Packard Applic. Note AN232–4 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  206. T. Hamano, Y. Mitsuhashi, Y. Matsuki, M. Ikuzawa, K. Fujita, T. Izumi, T. Adachi, H. Nonogi, T. Fuke, H. Suzuki, M. Toyoda, Y. Ito, and M. Iwaida, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 168, 195 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. T. Adachi, H. Nonogi, T. Fuke, M. Ikuzawa, K. Fujita, T. Izumi, T. Hamano, Y. Mitsuhashi, Y. Matsuki, H. Suzuki, M. Toyoda, Y. Ito, and M. Iwaida, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 168, 200 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. K. Fujita, M. Ikuzawa, T. Izumi, T. Hamano, Y. Mitsuhashi, Y. Matsuki, T. Adachi, H. Nonogi, T. Fuke, H. Suzuki, M. Toyoda, Y. Ito, and M. Iwaida, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 168, 206 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. S. Ogawa, H. Suzuki, M. Toyoda, Y. Ito, M. Iwaida, H. Nonogi, T. Fuke, K. Obara, T. Adachi, K. Fujita, M. Ikuzawa, T. Izumi, T. Hamano, Y. Mitsuhashi, and Y. Matsuki, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 168, 293 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Y. Mitsuhashi, T. Hamano, A. Hasegawa, K. Tanaka, Y. Matsuki, T. Adachi, K. Obara, H. Nonogi, T. Fuke, M. Sudo, M. Ikuzawa, K. Fujita, T. Izumi, S. Ogawa, M. Toyoda, Y. Ito, and M. Iwaida, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 168, 299 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. N. Jennings, N. G. Bunton, N. T. Crosby, and T. G. Alliston, J. Assoc. Publ. Analysts 16, 59 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. G. M. Telling, in Environmental Carcinogens Selected Methods of Analysis, Vol. 1, H. Egan, ed., International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (1978), p. 49.

    Google Scholar 

  213. D. J. Glover and J. C. Hoffsommer, J. Chromatogr. 94, 334 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. W. D. Ross, G. W. Buttler, T. G. Duffy, W. R. Rehg, M. T. Wininger, and R. E. Sievers, J. Chromatogr. 112, 719 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. J. W. Tesch, W. R. Rehg, and R. E. Sievers, J. Chromatogr. 126, 743 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Y. L. Tan, J. Chromatogr. 140, 41 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. M. Ishizaki, N. Oyamada, S. Ueno, F. Kataoka, R. Murakami, K. Kubota, and K. Katsumura, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 17, 428 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. A. Tanaka, N. Nose, and A. Watanabe, J. Chromatogr. 194, 21 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. K. Funazo, M. Tanaka, and T. Shono, Anal. Chem. 52, 1222 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. T. Horio and Y. Sigura, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 20, 418 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. H. Noda, M. Minemoto, A. Noda, K. Matsuyama, S. Iguchi, and T. Kohinata, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 28, 2541 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. J. R. Thayer and R. C. Huffaker, Anal. Biochem. 102, 110 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. G. Löfroth and T. Gejvall, Science 174, 1248 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  224. Official Methods of Analysis (1975) 12th Ed., AOAC, Washington, D.C., Secs. 11. 066–11. 068.

    Google Scholar 

  225. M. A. McCalla, G. R. Barr, and W. H. Kipp, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 60, 237 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. B. H. van Lierop and H. Nootenboom, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 62, 253 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  227. H. Kläui, Bibl. Nutr. Dieta 29, 75 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  228. M. Singh, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 57, 219 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. M. Singh, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 57, 358 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. M. Singh, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 58, 48 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. J. E. Bailey and E. A. Cox, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 58, 609 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. D. M. Marmion, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 58, 719 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. J. E. Bailey and E. A. Cox, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 59, 5 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. D. M. Marmion, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 59, 838 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. D. M. Marmion, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 60, 168 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. M. Singh, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 60, 173 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. M. Singh, J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem. 60, 1067 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. A. D. Jones and D. Hoar and S. G. Sellings, J. Chromatogr. 166, 619 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. M. Attina and G. Ciranni, Farmaco. Ed. Prat. 32, 186 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. H. Steuerle, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 169, 429 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. A. Noda and S. Nishiki, J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 18, 321 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. J. Chudy, N. T. Crosby, and I. Patel, J. Chromatogr. 154, 306 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. N. P. Boley, N. G. Bunton, N. T. Crosby, A. E. Johnson, P. Roper, and L. Somers, Analyst 105, 589 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. K. Aitzetmüller and E. Arzberger, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 169, 335 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  245. C. Masiala-Tsobo, Anal. Lett. 12, (A5), 477 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. J. F. Lawrence, F. Lancaster, and H. B. S. Conacher, J. Chromatogr., 210, 168 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. P. Balavoine, Tray. Chim. Alim. Hyg. 21, 28 (1930).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. E. Heiberg, Mitt. Geb. Lebensmittelunters. Hyg. 37, 408 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  249. H. Roleff, Z. Anal. Chem. 129, 190 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  250. S. Fujii, Bull. Nat. Hyg. Lab. (Tokyo) 73, 335 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  251. C. Giovanni, Ann. Sper. Agr. 13, 545 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  252. R. A. Gilhooley, R. A. Hoodless, K. G. Pitman, and J. Thompson, J. Chromatogr. 72, 325 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. C. Graichen and J. C. Molitor, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 46, 1022 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. C. Graichen, J. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem. 58, 278 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. N. P. Boley, N. T. Crosby, and P. Roper, Analyst 104, 472 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. W. Schmolck and E. Mergenthaler, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 152, 263 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. J. Artaud, J. Estienne, and M. Cas, Ann. Falsif. Expert. Chim. 68, 9 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. J. Artaud, J. Estienne, and M. Cas, Ann. Falsif. Expert. Chim. 69, 23 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. R. Varma, R. S. Varma, and A. H. Wardi, J. Chromatogr. 77, 222 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. R. Varma, R. S. Varma, W. S. Allen, and A. H. Wardi, J. Chromatogr. 86, 205 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  261. E. Mergenthaler and H. Scherz, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 162, 25 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. E. Mergenthaler and H. Scherz, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 162, 159 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. U. Glück and H.-P. Thier, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 170, 272 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  264. E. Mergenthaler and H. Scherz, Z. Lebensm. Unters.-Forsch. 166, 225 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. P. Friese, Z. Anal. Chem. 303, 279 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. H. G. Barth and D. A. Smith, J. Chromatogr. 206, 410 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. H. G. Barth, J. Liq. Chromatogr. 3, 1481 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  268. H. G. Barth and F. E. Regnier, J. Chromatogr. 192, 275 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. H. R. Hutziker and A. Miserez, Mitt. Geb. Lebensmittelunters. Hyg. 71, 87 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  270. A. P. Tulloch, Chemistry and Biochemistry of Natural Waxes, P. E. Kolattukudy, ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam (1976), p. 252.

    Google Scholar 

  271. A. P. Tulloch, J. Chromatogr. Sci. 13, 403 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. G. Valmalle and A. Karleskind, Rev. Fr. Corps Gras 24, 203 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. A. P. Tulloch, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 50, 367 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. R. Kleiman, F. R. Earle, and I. A. Wolff, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 46, 505 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. T. M. Miwa, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 48, 259 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. R. G. Ackman, S. N. Hooper, S. Epstein, and M. Kelleher, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 49, 378 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. A. P. Tulloch and L. L. Hoffman, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 54, 587 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. E. Faurot-Bouchet and G. Michel, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 41, 418 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. N. Pelick and J. W. Shigley, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 44, 121 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  280. W. H. Morrison and J. A. Robertson, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 52, 148 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. R. J. Hamilton, M. Y. Raie, and I. Weatherston, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 53, 748 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. L. E. Vandenberg and E. A. Wilder, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 44, 659 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  283. K. H. Miltenberger, Vom Wachs 2, 774 (1970); Chem. Abstr. 74, 113567m (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  284. J. F. Lawrence, J. R. Iyengar, and H. B. S. Conacher, unpublished results.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Page, B.D., Conacher, H.B.S. (1982). The Pros and Cons of Derivatization in the Chromatographic Determination of Food Additives. In: Frei, R.W., Lawrence, J.F. (eds) Chemical Derivatization in Analytical Chemistry. Modern Analytical Chemistry, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4202-1_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4202-1_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4204-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4202-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics