Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction pp 65–85Cite as

Neurotransmitter Systems

Anatomy and Pharmacology

  • Chapter

  • 148 Accesses

Abstract

In recent years, our understanding of chemical synaptic transmission has advanced considerably. Underlying these advances have been research on the biochemistry of neurotransmitters, the development of drugs that affect these substances in relatively specific ways, and the use of various histological procedures that reveal in detail the anatomical projections of neurons containing specific neurotransmitters. These achievements enable physiological psychologists who are concerned with brain-behavior relations in general to approach the study of behavior from a neurochemical and neuro-pharmacological perspective.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aghajanian, G. W., and Wang, R. Y., 1978, Physiology and pharmacology of central serotonergic neurons, in: Psychopharmacology: A Generation of Progress (M. A. Lipton, A. DiMascio, and K. F. Killam, eds.), pp. 171–184, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anton-Tay, F., and Wurtman, R. J., 1971, Brain monoamines and endocrine function, in: Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (L. Martini and W. F. Ganong, eds.), pp. 45–66, Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, J., 1974, Regulation of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, in: The Neurosciences Third Study Program (F. O. Schmitt, and F. G. Worden, eds.), pp. 863–876, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, J., 1977, Regulation of the synthesis, release and actions of catecholamine neurotransmitter, in: First European Symposium on Hormones and Cell Regulation (T. Dumont and A. Nunez, eds.), pp. 137–155, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumgarten, H. G. and Björklund, A., 1976, Neurotoxic indoleamines and monoamine neurons, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 16:101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, F. E., 1975, Monoaminergic neurotoxins: Are they selective? J. Neural. Trans. 37:183.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, F. E., Battenberg, E., Rossier, J., Ling, N., Leppaluoto, J., Vargo, T. M., and Guillemin, R., 1977, Endorphins are located in the intermediate and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland, not in the neurohypophysis, Life Sci. 20:43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, F. E., Rossier, J., Battenberg, E. L. F., Bayon, A., French, E., Henriksen, S. J., Siggins, G., Segal, D., Browne, R., Ling, M., and Guillemin, R., 1978, ß-Endorphin: Cellular localization, electrophysiological and behavioral effects, Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 18:89.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brownstein, M. J., 1977a, Biologically active peptides in the mammalian central nervous system, in: Peptides in Neurobiology (H. Gainer, ed.), pp. 145–170, Plenum Press, New York.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Brownstein, M. J., 1977b, Neurotransmitters and hypothalamic hormones in the central nervous system, Fed. Proc. 36:1960.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bunney, B. S., and Aghajanian, G. K., 1975, Evidence for drug actions on both pre-and postsynaptic catecholamine receptors in the CNS, in: Pre-and Postsynaptic Receptors (E. Usdin and W. E. Bunney, eds.), pp. 89–122, Marcel Dekker, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butcher, L. L., 1975, Degenerative processes after punctate intracerebral administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, J. Neural. Trans. 37:189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlsson, A., 1975a, Monoamine precursors and analogues, Pharmacol. Ther. [B] 1:381.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlsson, A., 1975b, Monoamine-depleting drugs, Pharmacol. Ther. [B] 1:393.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlsson, A., 1975c, Drugs acting through dopamine release, Pharmacol. Ther. [B] 1:401.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, J. R., Bloom, F. E., and Roth, R. H., 1978, The Biochemical Basis ofNeuropharmacology ,Third Edition, Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creese, I., Burt, D. R., and Snyder, S. H., 1977, Dopamine receptor binding enhancement accompanies lesion-induced behavioral supersensitivity, Science 197:596.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dahlström, A., and Fuxe, K., 1964, Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system. I. Demonstration of monoamines in the cell bodies of brain stem neurons, Acta Physiol. Scand. [Suppl. ] 232:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeWied, D., 1977, Peptides and behavior, Life Sci. 20:195.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dews, P. B., 1972, Assessing the effects of drugs, in: Methods in Psychobiology ,Vol. 2 (R. D. Meyers, ed.), pp. 4–124, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frederickson, R. C. A., 1977, Enkephalin pentapeptides-A review of current evidence for a physiological role in vertebrate neurotransmission, Life Sci. 21:23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuxe, K., 1965, Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the CNS. IV. The distribution of monoamine nerve terminals in the CNS, Acta Physiol. Scand. [Suppl. ] 247:36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuxe, K., and Jonsson, G., 1974, Further mapping of central 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons: Studies with the neurotoxic dihydroxytryptamines, Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 10:1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haefely, W., Bartholini, G., and Pletscher, A., 1976, Monoaminergic drugs: General pharmacology, Pharmacol. Ther. [B] 2:185.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, J. A., and McMaster, S. E., 1975, Fenfluramine: Evidence for a neurotoxic action on midbrain and a long term depletion of serotonin, Psychopharmacol. Commun. 1:217.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Havlicek, U., Rezek, M., and Freisen, H., 1976, Somatostatin and thyrotropin releasing hormone: Central effect on sleep and motor system, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 4:455.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedqvist, P., 1977, Basic mechanisms of prostaglandin action on autonomic neurotransmission, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 17:259.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hökfelt, T., and Ungerstedt, U., 1973, Specificity of 6-hydroxydopamine induced degeneration of central monoamine neurones: An electron and fluorescence microscopic study with specialreference to intracerebral injection on the nigro-striatal dopamine system, Brain Res. 60:269.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hökfelt, T., Fuxe, K., Goldstein, M., and Johansson, O., 1974, Immunohistochemical evidence for the existence of adrenaline neurons in the rat brain, Brain Res. 66:235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hökfelt, T., Fuxe, K., Johansson, O., Jeffcoate, S., and White, N., 1975, Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)-containing nerve terminals in certain brain stem nuclei and in the spinal cord, Neurosci. Lett. 1:133.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hökfelt, T., Elde, R., Johansson, O., Luft, R., Nilsson, G., and Arimura, A., 1976a, Immunohistochemical evidence for separate populations of somatostatin-containing and substance P-containing primary afferent neurons in the rat, Neuroscience 1:131.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hökfelt, T., Johansson, O., Fuxe, K., Goldstein, M., and Park, D., 1976b, Immunohistochemical studies on the localization and distribution of monoamine neuron systems in the rat brain. I. Tyrosine hydroxylase in the mes-and diencephalon, Med. Biol. ,54:427.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hökfelt, T., Elde, R., Johansson, O., Terenius, L., and Stein, L., 1977a, The distribution of enkephalin-immunoreactive cell bodies in the rat central nervous system,Neurosci. Lett. 5:25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hökfelt, T., Johansson, O. ,Fuxe, K., Goldstein, M., and Park, D., 1977b, Immunohistochemical studies on the localization and distribution of monoamine neuron systems in the rat brain. II. Tyrosine hydroxylase in the telencephalon, Med. Biol. 55:21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hökfelt, T., Ljungdahl, Å. ,Terenius, L., Elde, R., and Nilsson, G., 1977c, Immunohistochemical analysis of peptide pathways possibly related to pain and analgesia: Enkephalin and substance P,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:3081.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hökfelt, T., Elde, R., Fuxe, K., Johansson, O., Ljungdahl, A., Goldstein, A., Luft, R., Efendic, S., Nilsson, G., Terenius, L., Ganten, D., Jeffcoate, S. L., Rehfeld, J., Said, S., Perez de la Mora, M., Passani, L., Tapia., R., Teran, L., and Palacios, R., 1978a, Aminergic and peptidergic pathways in the nervous system with special reference to the hypothalamus, in: The Hypothalamus (S. Reichlin, R.J. Baldessarini, and J. B. Martin, eds.), pp. 69–135, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hökfelt, T., Elde, R., Johansson, O., Ljungdahl, A., Schultzberg, M., Fuxe, K., Goldstein, M., Nilsson, G., Pernow, B., Terenius, L., Ganten, D., Jeffcoate, S. L., Rehfeld, J., and Said, S., 1978b, Distribution of peptide containing neurons, in: Psychopharmacology: A Generation of Progress (M. A. Lipton, A. DiMascio, and K. F. Killam, eds.), pp. 39–66, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz, D. M., 1978, Monoaminergic pathways in the central nervous system, in: Psycho-pharmacology: A Generation of Progress (M. A. Lipton, A. DiMascio, and K. F. Killam, eds.), pp. 119–129, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz, D. M. and Palkovits, M., 1974, Topographic atlas of catecholamine and acetyl-cholinesterase-containing neurons in the rat brain. I. Forebrain (telencephalon, diencephalon), J. Comp. Neurol. 157:13.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Javoy, F., Sotelo, C., Herbet, A., and Agid, Y., 1976, Specificity of dopaminergic neuronal degeneration induced by intracerebral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in the nigrostriatal dopamine system, Brain Res. 102:201.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, O., Hökfelt, T., Elde, R. P., Schultzberg, M., and Terenius, L., 1978, Immunohistochemical distribution of enkephalin neurons, Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 18:51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King, J. C., and Gerall, A. A., 1976, Localization of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 24:829.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, R. M., Palkovits, M., Kopin, I. J., and Jacobowitz, D. M., 1974, Biochemical mapping of noradrenergic nerves arising from the rat locus coeruleus, Brain Res. 77:269.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kostrezewa, R., and Jacobowitz, D. M., 1974, Pharmacological actions of 6-hydroxydopamine, Pharmacol. Rev. 26:199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krnjevic, K., 1974, Chemical nature of synaptic transmission in vertebrates, Physiol. Rev. 54:418.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krulich, L., Quijada, M., Wheaton, J. E., Illner, P., and McCann, S. M. 1977, Localization of hypophysiotropic neurohormones by assay of sections from various brain areas, Fed. Proc. 36:1953.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leeman, S. E., and Mroz, E. A., 1974, Substance P, Life Sci. 15:2033.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindvall, O., and Björklund, A., 1974, The organization of the ascending catecholamine neuron systems in the rat brain as revealed by the glyoxylic acid fluorescence method, Acta Physiol. Scand. [Suppl.] 412: 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipton, M. A., DiMascio, A., and Killam, K. H., 1978, Psychopharmacology: A Generation of Progress ,Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCann, S. M., and Moss, R. L., 1975, Putative neurotransmitters involved in discharging gonadotropin releasing neurohormones and the action of LH releasing hormone on the CNS, Life Sci. 16:833.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLennan, H., 1970, Synaptic Transmission ,W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyers, R. D., 1971, Methods for chemical stimulation of the brain, in: Methods in Psychobiology ,Vol. 1 (R. D. Meyers, ed.), pp. 247–279, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyers, R. D., 1974, Handbook of Drug and Chemical Stimulation of the Brain ,Van Nostrand-Rein-hold, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, R. Y., and Bloom, F. E., 1978, Central catecholamine neuron systems: Anatomy and physiology of the dopamine systems, Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 1:129.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, R. Y., and Bloom, F. E., 1979, Central catecholamine neuron systems: Anatomy and physiology of the norepinephrine and epinephrine systems, Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2:113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, R. Y., Halaris, A. E., and Jones, B. E., 1978, Serotonin neurons of the midbrain raphe: Ascending projections, J. Comp. Neurol. 180:417.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mroz, E. A., Brownstein, M. J., and Leeman, S. E., 1977, Evidence for substance P in the striato-nigral tract, Brain Res. 125:305.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nathanson, J. A., 1977, Cyclic nucleotides and nervous system function, Physiol. Rev. 57:157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donohue, T. L., Crowley, W. R., and Jacobowitz, D. M., 1979, Biochemical mapping of the noradrenergic ventral bundle projection sites: Evidence for a noradrenergic-dopaminergic interaction, Brain Res. 172:87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palkovits, M., and Jacobowitz, D. M., 1974, Topographic atlas of catecholamine and acetylcholinesterase-containing neurons in the rat brain II. Hindbrain (mesencephalon, rhombencephalon), J. Comp. Neurol. 157:29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, J. A., Erlandsen, S. L., Hegre, O. D., McEvoy, R. C., Elde, R. P., 1976, Central and peripheral localization of somatostatin; immunoenzyme immunocytochemical studies, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 24:872.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pelligrino, L. J., and Cushman, A. J., 1971, Use of the stereotaxic technique, in: Methods in Psychobiology ,Vol. 1 (R. D. Meyers, ed.), pp. 67–90, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reis, D. J., Joh, T. H., Ross, R. A. and Pickel, V. M., 1974, Reserpine selectively increases tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-ß-hydroxylase enzyme protein in central noradrenergic neurons, Brain Res. ,81:380.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, R. H., Salzman, P. M., and Nowycky, M. C., 1978, Impulse flow and short term regulation of transmitter biosynthesis in central catecholaminergic neurons, in: Psychopharmacology: A Generation of Progress (M. A. Lipton, A. DiMascio, and K. F. Killam, eds.), pp. 185–198, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Routtenberg, A., 1972, Intracranial chemical injection and behavior: A critical review,Behav. Biol. 7:601.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, C., and Jonsson, G., 1975, Mechanisms of action of 6-hydroxydopamine,Biochem. Pharmacol. 24:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders-Bush, E., and Massari, V. J., 1977, Actions of drugs that deplete serotonin, Fed. Proc. 36:2149.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Setalo, G., Vigh, S., Schally, A. V., Arimura, A., and Flerko, B., 1976, Immunohistological study of the origin of LH-RH-containing fibers of the rat hypothalamus, Brain Res. 103:597.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shute, C. C. D., and Lewis, P. R., 1966, Cholinergic and monoaminergic pathways in the hypothalamus, Br. Med. Bull 22:221.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starke, K., 1977, Regulation of noradrenaline release by presynaptic receptor systems, Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 77:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sternberger, L. A., and Hoffman, G. E., 1978, Immunocytology of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, Neuro endocrinology 25:111.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strömböm, U., 1975, On the functional role of pre-and postsynaptic catecholamine receptors in brain, Acta Physiol. Scand. [Suppl. ] 431:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ungerstedt, U., 1971a, Histochemical studies on the effect of intracerebral and intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine on monoamine neurons in the rat brain, in: 6-Hydroxy-dopamine and Catecholamine Neurons (T. Malmfors and H. Thoenen, eds.), pp. 101–134, American Elsevier, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ungerstedt, U., 1971b, Stereotaxic mapping of the monoamine pathways in the rat brain, Acta Physiol. Scand. [Suppl.] 367:1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Gugten, J., Palkovits, M., Wijnen, H. L. J. M., and Versteeg, D. H. G., 1976, Regional distribution of adrenaline in rat brain, Brain Res. 107:171.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, N. I., 1974, A critical assessment of methods for the determination of monoamine synthesis turnover rates in vivo, Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 12:143.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westfall, T. C., 1977, Local control of adrenergic neurotransmission, Physiol Rev. 57:659.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Center for the Health Sciences, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163, USA

    William R. Crowley

  2. Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA

    Frank P. Zemlan

Authors
  1. William R. Crowley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Frank P. Zemlan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA

    Norman T. Adler

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Crowley, W.R., Zemlan, F.P. (1981). Neurotransmitter Systems. In: Adler, N.T. (eds) Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3881-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3881-9_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-3883-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-3881-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation