Abstract
Until fairly recently, there were really only two nuclear waste forms:
-
Solid waste, which was by definition what went into a burial ground even if the waste happened to be mostly liquids, and
-
Liquid waste, which was by definition what went into a waste tank even if the waste happened to be mostly solids.
The information contained in this article was developed during the course of work under Contract No. DE-AC09-76SR00001 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Management of Commercially Generated Radioactive Waste, Report DOE/EIS-0046D, U.S. Department of Energy (1979).
H. C. Clairborne, Effect of Actinide Removal on the Long Term Hazards of High Level Waste, USERDA Report ORNL-TM-4727, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (1975).
Barnwell Nuclear Fuels Plant Applicability Study, Report DOEET0040, U.S. Department of Energy (1978).
Alternatives for Managing Wastes from Reactor and Post Fission Operations in the LWR Fuel Cycle, Report EDTA 76–43, U.S. Energy Research & Development Administration (1976).
J. A. Stone, Evaluation of Concrete as a Matrix for Solidification of Savannah River Plant Waste, USDOE Report DP-1448, E. I. du Pont de Nemours, Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, SC.
E. D. Peltonen, “Incorporation of Radioactive Wastes from Nuclear Power Plants into Concrete and Bitumen,” Management of Radioactive Wastes from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle II, IAEA, Vienna (1976).
P. Colombo and R. M. Neilson, Critical Review of the Properties of Solidified Radioactive Waste Packages Generated at Nuclear Power Reactors, USDOE Report BNL-NUREG 50591 (1976).
K. R. Yates, Characterization of Class A Waste From the Commercial Fuel Cycle, DOE Report ONWI-6 (2), Battelle-Columbus Laboratories (1979).
H. O. Weeren, Shale Fracturing Injections at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1972, USAEC Report ORNL-TM-4467, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (1974).
Alternatives for Long Term Management of Defense High Level Radioactive Waste at the Hanford Reservation, USERDA Report ERDA 77–44, Washington, D.C. (1977).
Program Plan: Calcined Solids Retrieval and Handling, Allied Chemical Corp. Report ACI-224, Rev. 1 (1978).
I. Kostantinovich, “Features of a Process for Vitrifying Radioactive Waste Without Precalcination and Radionuclide Behavior in the Process,” Management of Radioactive Waste From the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, IAEA, Vienna (1976).
J. E. Mendel, “High Level Waste Glass,” Nucl. Tech. 32, 72 (1977).
C. Sombret, “Large Scale Waste Glass Production,” Conference on High Level Radioactive Solid Waste Forms, USNRC Report NUREG/CP0005, Denver, CO (1978).
J. H. Simmons, “Fixation of Radioactive Waste in High Silica Glasses,” Nature 278, 729 (1979).
D. Gombert, Vitrification of High’Level ICPP Calcined Wastes, USERDA Report ICP-1177, INEL, Allied Chemical Corp., Idaho Falls, ID.
J. G. Moore, Radioactive Waste Fixation in FUETAP (Formed Under Elevated Temperature and Pressures) Concretes - Experimental Program and Initial Results, USDOE Report ORNL-TM-6573, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.
D. M. Roy and G. R. Gouda, “High Level Radioactive Waste Incorporation Into Special Cements,” Nucl. Tech. 40, 214 (1978).
D. M. Strachan, “Crystalline Materials for the Long Term Storage of Hanford Nuclear Defense Waste,” Proceedings of National Meeting of American Ceramic Society, Detroit, MI, Report RHO-SA-13, May (1978).
G. J. McCarthy, “High Level Waste Ceramics: Materials Considerations, Process Simulations and Product Characterization,” Nucl. Tech. 32, 92 (1977).
A. E. Ringwood, “Immobilization of High Level Nuclear Reactor Wastes in SYNROC,” Nature 278, 219 (1979).
R. L. Schwoebel and J. K. Johnstone, “The Sandia Titanate: A Brief Overview,” Ceramic and Glass Radioactive Waste Forms, ERDA Report CONF-77–102, 101 (1977).
J. M. Rusin, Multibarrier Waste Forms: Part II. Characterization and Evaluation, USDOE Report PNL-2668–2, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA.
W. S. Aaron, “Development of Cermets for High Level Radioactive Waste Fixation,” Proceedings of Int. Symposium on Ceramics in Nuclear Waste Management, Cincinnati, OH, April 30-May 2 (1979).
J. van Geel, “Incorporation of Solid High Level Wastes Into Metal and Non-Metal Matrices,” Conference on High Level Radioactive Solid Waste Forms, Denver, CO, USNRC Report NUREG/CP-0005 (1978).
Long Term High Level Waste Technology Program Strategy Document, USDOE Report DOE/SR-WM-79–3, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Savannah River Laboratory, Aiken, SC (1979).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Crandall, J.L. (1980). Development of Solid Radionuclide Waste Forms in the United States. In: Northrup, C.J.M. (eds) Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management. Advances in Nuclear Science & Technology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3839-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3839-0_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-3841-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-3839-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive