Skip to main content

Analysis of Headspace Gases for Parts Per Billion Concentrations of Volatile Organic Contaminants in Water Samples by Gas Chromatography

  • Chapter
Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment

Part of the book series: Environmental Science Research ((ESRH,volume 16))

  • 184 Accesses

Abstract

Trace organics in water samples have been encountered in distilled, deionized and drinking waters (Bevenue et al, 1971; Nowak et al, 1973 and Dowty et al, 1976). There is a need for rapid and accurate analytical methods because of the potential toxic and carcinogenic effects of these contaminants. These organics may be split into two classes, volatile and less volatile, as suggested by Nowak et al, (1973) each class requiring separate treatment to find the most suitable analytical techniques. Available methods of analyses for the volatile fraction may be subdivided under the following headings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bellar, T.A., and J.J. Lichtenberg. 1974. Determining volatile organics at microgram-per-litre levels by gas chromatography. Jour. AWWA 66:12:739–744.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bevenue, A., J.N. Ogata, Y. Kawano and J.W. Hylin. 1971. Potential problems with the use of distilled water in pesticide residue analysis. Jour. of Chromatogr. 60: 45–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dowty, B., L. Green, and J.L. Laseter. 1976. Application of a computer-based Chromatograph for automated water pollution analysis. Jour. of Chromatogr. Sci. 14: 187–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujii, T. 1977. Direct aqueous injection gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of organohalides in water at concentrations below the parts-per-billion level. Jour. of Chromatogr. 139: 297–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, J.E., G.R. Peyton, and W.H. Glaze. 1976. A convenient liquid-liquid extraction method for the determination of halo-methanes in water at the parts-per-billion level. In: Lawrence H. Keith, ed. Identification and Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Water. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Junk, G.A., J.J. Richard, M.D. Grieser, D. Witiak, J.L. Witiak, M.D. Arguello, R. Vick, H.J. Svec, J.S. Fritz, and G.C. Calder. 1974. Use of macro-reticular resins in the analysis of water for trace organic contaminants. Jour. of Chromatogr. 99: 745–762.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, K.L.E., and B.G. Oliver. 1976. Determination of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in water by gas chromatography. Anal. Chem. 48:14: 2207–2209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinman, R.N. 1972. Ozone in water disinfection. In: Francis L. Evans III, ed. Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kissinger, L.D., and S. Fritz. 1976. Analysis of drinking water for haloforms. Jour. AWWA 68:8:435–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kopfler, F.C., R.G. Melton, R.D. Lingg, and W.E. Coleman. 1976. GC-MS determination of volatiles for the national organics reconnaissance survey (NORS) of drinking water. In: Lawrence H. Keith, ed. Identification and Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Water. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackay, D., W.Y. Shiu, and A.W. Wolkoff. 1975. Gas chromatographic determination of low concentrations of hydrocarbons in water by vapor phase extraction. In: Water Quality Parameters, ASTM. STP 573.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAuliffe, C. 1971. GC determination of solutes by multiple phase equilibration. Chem. Technol. 1:46–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mieure, J.P. 1977. A rapid and sensitive method for determining volatile organohalides in water. Jour. AWWA 69:1:60–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, A.A., and O. Meresz. 1975. Analysis of volatile halogenated organics in water by direct aqueous injection gas chromatography. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 14: 453–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowak J., J. Zluticky, V. Kubelka, and J. Mostecky. 1973. Analysis of organic constituents present in drinking water. Jour. of Chromatogr. 76: 45–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richard, J.J., and G.A. Junk. 1977. Liquid extraction for the rapid determination of halomethanes in water. Jour. AWWA 69:1:62–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, A.A., and J.M. Symons. 1977. Measurement of trihalomethane and precursor concentration changes. Jour. AWWA 69:10:546–554.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suffet, I.H., L. Brenner, and B. Silver, 1976. Identification of 1,1,1-trichloroacetone (1,1,1-trichloropropanone) in two drinking waters: A known precursor in haloform reaction. Environ. Sci. Technol. 10:13:1273–1275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zlatkis, A., H.A. Lichtenstein, and A. Tishbee. 1973. Concentration and analysis of trace volatile organics in gases and biological fluids with a new solid adsorbent. Chromatographia 6:2:67–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1980 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Murray, D.A.J. (1980). Analysis of Headspace Gases for Parts Per Billion Concentrations of Volatile Organic Contaminants in Water Samples by Gas Chromatography. In: Afghan, B.K., et al. Hydrocarbons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment. Environmental Science Research, vol 16. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3617-4_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3617-4_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-3619-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-3617-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics