Abstract
Supplementation of diets with free amino acids has not routinely been beneficial and poses a potential risk. Thus, mixing proteins to increase the quality of the dietary protein is attractive. The slope-ratio technique for evaluation of protein quality has serious drawbacks, because the growth response is not linear and animals appear to adapt to the diet and thus make more efficient use of diets low in protein or low in protein quality. Apparently, the relative value of proteins is not constant, but varies with the amino acid spectrum as well as intake. Thus, evaluation of proteins or protein mixtures should be determined under the conditions (e.g. maintenance or maximum gain) of their potential use. This approach could lead to the development of a protein replacement equivalents system similar to the starch equivalents system in the evaluation of the net energy of animal feeds.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson, H. L., Benevenga, N. J. and Harper, A. E., (1968). Associations among food and protein intake, serine, dehydratase and plasma amino acids. Am. J. Physiol. 214, 1008–1013.
Benevenga, N. J. and Harper, A. E., (1967). Alleviation of methionine and homocystine toxicity in the rat. J. Nutr. 93, 44–52.
Bressani, R., (1974). Complimentary amino acid patterns. 149166. in Nutritients in processed foods-proteins. Ed. P. L. White and D. C. Fletcher. Publishing Sciences Group Inc. Action, Massachusetts.
Canolty, N. L. and Nasset, E. S., (1975). Intestinal absorption of free and protein-bound dietary methionine in the rat. J. Nutr. 105, 867–877.
De Muelenaere, H. J. H., Chen, M-L. and Harper, A. E., (1967). Assessment of factors influencing estimation of lysine availability in cereal products. Ag. & Food Chem. 15, 310–316.
De Muelenaere, H. J. H., Chen, M-L. and Harper, A. E., (1967a). Assessment of factors influencing estimation of availability of threonine, isoleucine, and valine in cereal products. Ag. & Food Chem., 15, 318–323.
Flodin, N. W., Mercer, L. P. and Morgan, P. H., (1977). Protein quality assay by rat growth, based on a saturation kinetics model. Nutr. Rep. Int., 16, 1–9.
Flodin, N. W., Mercer, L. P. and Morgan, P. H., (1977). The problem of human protein requirements: some kinetic and metabolic considerations. Med. Hypoth., 3, 94–110.
Garza, C., Scrimshaw, N. S. and Young, V. R., (1976). Human protein requirements: the effect of variations in energy intake within the maintenance range. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 29, 280287.
Garza, C., Scrimshaw, N. S. and Young, V. R., (1977). Human protein requirements: a long-term metabolic nitrogen balance study in young men to evaluate the 1973 FAO/WHO safe level of egg protein intake. J. Nutr., 107, 335–352.
Garza, C., Scrimshaw, N. S. and Young, V. R., (1977a). Human protein requirements: evaluation of the 1973 FAO/WHO safe level of protein intake for young men at high energy intakes. Br. J. Nutr., 37, 403–419.
Harper, A. E., Payne, P. R. and Waterlow, J. C., (1973). Assessment of human protein needs. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 26, 1168–1169.
Harper, A. E. and Hegsted, D. M., (1974). Improvement of protein nutriture. p. 184–200. National Research Council Committee on Amino Acids. Improvement of protein nutriture.
Hegsted, D. M. and Chang, Y-O., (1965). Protein utilization in growing rats. I. Relative growth index as a bioassay procedure. J. Nutr., 85, 159–168.
Hegsted, D. M., Neff, R. and Worcester, J., (1968). Determination of the relative nutritive value of proteins factors affecting precision and validity. J. Agr. Food Chem., 16, 190–195.
Hegsted, D. M. and Neff, R., (1970). Efficiency of protein utilization in young rats at various levels of intake. J. Nutr., 100, 1173–1180.
Hegsted, D. M. and Juliano, B. O., (1974). Difficulties in assessing the nutritional quality of rice protein. J. Nutr., 104, 772–781.
Hegsted, D. M., (1974). Assessment of protein quality. 64–88. National Research Council-Committee on Amino Acids. Improvement of protein nutriture.
Hugli, T. E. and Moore, S., (1972). Determination of the tryptophan content of proteins by ion exchange chromatography of alkaline hydrolysates. J. Biol. Chem. 247, 2828–2834.
Jamalian, J. and Pellett, P. L., (1968). Nutritional value of Middle Eastern food stuffs. IV.-Amino acid composition. J. Sci. Fd. Agric. 19, 378–382.
Kofrânyi, E., Jekat, F. and Müller-Wecker, H., (1970). The determination of the biological value of dietary proteins, XVI. The minimum protein requirement of humans, tested with mixtures of whole egg plus potato and maize plus beans. H-S. Z. Physiol. Chem., 351, 1485–1493.
Kofrânyi, E., (1972). Protein and amino acid requirements. A. Nitrogen balance in adults. In International Encyclopedia of Food and Nutrition, Vol. II. Protein and amino acid functions, Ed. E. J. Bigwood. Pergamon Press-Oxford.
McLaren, D. S., (1974). The great protein fiasco. The Lancet, July 13, 93–96.
Mercer, L. P., Farnell, K. E., Morgan, P. H., Longenecker, H. E., Jr. and Lewis, J. R., (1977). Mathematical analysis of nutrient-response data. Nutr. Rep. Int., 15, 1–7.
Morgan, P. H., Mercer, L. P. and Flodin, N. W., (1975). General model for nutritional responses of higher organisms. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA, 72, 4327–4331.
National Research Council. Food and Nutrition Board. Recommended dietary allowances. 8th Edition, 1974.
Said, A. K. and Hegsted, D. M., (1970). Response of adult rats to low dietary levels of essential amino acids. J. Nutr., 100, 1363–1376.
Said, A. K., Hegsted, D. M. and Hayes, K. C., (1974). Response of adults rats to deficiencies of different essential amino acids. Br. J. Nutr., 31, 47–57.
Teeter, R. G., Baker, D. H. and Becker, D. E., (1977). Amino Acid Bioavailability: Methodology as Applied to Lysine. Fed. Proc. 36, 1098.
Waterlow, J. C. (1968). Observation on the mechanism of adaptation to low protein intakes. The Lancet, Nov. 23, 1091–1097.
Waterlow, J. C., (1975). Adaptation to low-protein intakes. 23–35, In protein-calorie malnutrition, Ed. by R. E. Olson, Academic Press, New York.
Whitehead, R. G., (1974). Protein requirement. The Lancet, Aug. 3, 280.
Williams, H. H., A. E. Harper, D. M. Hegsted, G. Arroyave, and L. E. Holt, Jr., (1974). Nitrogen and amino acid requirements in National Research Council-Committee on Amino Acids. Improvement of protein nutriture, 23–63.
Woodham, A. A. and Deans, P. S., (1977). Nutritive value of mixed proteins. 1. In cereal-based diets for poultry. Br. J. Nutr. 37, 289–308.
Young, V. R., (1975). Recent advances in evaluation of protein quality in adult humans. Proc. 9th Int. Congr. Nutr., 3, 348–362.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1978 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Benevenga, N.J., Cieslak, D.G. (1978). Some Thoughts on Amino Acid Supplementation of Proteins in Relation to Improvement of Protein Nutriture. In: Friedman, M. (eds) Nutritional Improvement of Food and Feed Proteins. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 105. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3366-1_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3366-1_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-3368-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-3366-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive