Abstract
Although helium is still available in sufficient quantities to satisfy today’s demands, the supply is diminishing [1]. While recovery of evaporated gas in cryogenic applications can help significantly, techniques for reducing liquid helium requirements also should be explored. Several worthwhile practices already are widespread, for example, precooling with liquid nitrogen and the incorporation into experimental systems of devices which utilize the enthalpy of evaporated gas. An equally simple technique which has not been fully exploited is to extend the range of use of nitrogen or oxygen by pumping over the cryogen. By virtue of its lower triple point (54.363 K), oxygen is intrinsically the more useful refrigerant; however, nitrogen (with a triple point of 63.148 K) is often preferred because there is no risk of explosion while pumping.
Sponsored in part by the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy under contract No. N00014-68-A-0160.
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Ashworth, T., Smith, D.R., Frels, W. (1973). Helium Conservation Using Solid Nitrogen. In: Timmerhaus, K.D. (eds) Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, vol 18. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3111-7_61
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3111-7_61
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