Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry No. 7 pp 199–313Cite as

Transport-Controlled Deposition and Dissolution of Metals

  • Chapter

Abstract

Metal deposition and dissolution usually involve more than a simple discharge or formation of hydrated metal ions. In most practical cases, reactions of complex dissociation or formation occur simultaneously as well as deposition and incorporation of foreign substances (impurities or additives), etc. They all affect the structure and appearance of the deposit obtained. In particular, the shape of the deposit, the surface roughness, and surface coarseness (see Section 2) are found to depend strongly on the path of the flow of the electric current (traditionally termed “primary current distribution”) and the path and rate of flow of the species involved, directly or indirectly, in the electrolytic process. Thus, the last factor has a profound effect on the morphology of the deposit and may be a cause of seemingly unrelated phenomena:

  1. (a)

    Amplification of surface irregularities has been known to appear in electrode processes of high specific rate when deposition is carried out at low concentrations of simple ions in solution.1,2 A special example of such a case is shown in Figure 1.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. N. Ibl and K. Schadegg, J. Electrochem. Soc. 114 (1967) 54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. A. R. Despic, J. Diggle, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 115 (1968) 507.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A. R. Despic and K. I. Popov, unpublished results.

    Google Scholar 

  4. G. Wranglen, Electrochim. Acta 2 (1960) 130.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. D. D. Saratovkin, Dendritic Crystalization, Consultants Bureau, New York, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  6. L. Graf and W. Weser, Electrochim. Acta 2 (1960) 145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. K. M. Gorbunova and A. J. Zhukova, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 23 (1949) 605.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. P. B. Price, D. A. Vermilyea, and M. B. Webb, Acta Met. 6 (1958) 524.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. W. H. Dettner and J. Elze, Handbuch der galvanotechnik, p. 882, Carl Hanser Verlag, Miinchen, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  10. N. Ibl, The formation of powdered metal deposits, in Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 2, Interscience, New York, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  11. O. Kardos and D. G. Foulke, Electrodeposition on small-scale profiles, in Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 2, p. 185, Interscience, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  12. P. A. Jacquet, Nature 135 (1935) 1076; Compt. rend. 201 (1935) 1973; 202 (1936) 403.

    Google Scholar 

  13. M. A. Brimi and J. R. Luck, Electrofinishing, p. 72, Elsevier, New York, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  14. S. Arouete, K. F. Blurton, and H. G. Oswin, J. Electrochem. Soc. 116, (1969) 166.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. V. V. Romanov, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 36 (1963) 1057.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. V. V. Romanov, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 36 (1963) 1050.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. C. Wagner, J. Electrochem. Soc. 101 (1954) 225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. S. I. Krichmar, Elektrokhimiya 1 (1965) 609.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J. L. Barton and J. O’M. Bockris, Proc. Roy. Soc. A268 (1962) 485.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. W. Diggle, A. R. Despic, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 116 (1969) 1503.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. A. R. Despic and K. I. Popov, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belgrade, 36 (1971) in press.

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. Papapetrou, Z. Krist. 92 (1935) 89.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. F. Weinberg and B. Chalmers, Can. J. Phys. 29 (1951) 382; 30, (1952) 488.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. G. Wranglen, Trans. Roy. Inst. Techn. Stocholm., 1955, No. 94.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ling Jang, Chien-Yeh Chien, and R. G. Hudson, J. Electrochem. Soc. 106 (1959) 632.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. W. B. Hilling and D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys. 24 (1956) 914.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. F. Ogburn, C. Bechtoldt, J. B. Morris, and A. de Koranyi, J. Electrochem. Soc. 112 (1965) 575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. C. J. Bechtold, F. Ogburn, and J. Smit, J. Electrochem. Soc. 115 (1968) 813.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. S. Tajima and M. Ogata, Electrochim. Acta 15 (1970) 61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. S. Tajima and M. Ogata, Electrochim. Acta 13 (1968) 1845.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. J. Smit, F. Ogburn, and C. J. Bechtold, J. Electrochem. Soc. 115 (1968) 371.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. T. B. Reddy, J. Electrochem. Soc. 113 (1966) 117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. D. R. Hamilton, Electrochim. Acta 8 (1963) 731.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J. O’M. Bockris and B. E. Conway, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. J, Chapter 4, p. 224, Ed., J. O’M. Bockris, Butterworths, London, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  35. G. P. Ivantsov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 58 (1947) 567.

    Google Scholar 

  36. J. W. Faust, Jr. and H. F. John, J. Electrochem. Soc. 110 (1963) 109.

    Google Scholar 

  37. J. W. Faust, Jr., J. Electrochem. Soc. 114 (1967) 1311.

    Google Scholar 

  38. J. B. Kushner, Metal Progr. 81 (1962) 88.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. H. Fisher, Elektrolytishe Abscheidung und Electrokristallisation von Me tallen, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. W. Faust, Jr. and H. F. John, J. Electrochem. Soc. 108 (1961) 855.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. N. A. Pangarov, Phys. Stat. Sol. 20 (1967) 371.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. N. A. Pangarov and V. Velinov, Electrochim. Acta 13 (1968) 1909.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. N. A. Pangarov, Electrochim. Acta 9 (1964) 721.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. K. M. Gorbunova and P. D. Dankov, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 23 (1949) 616.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. L. Graf and W. Morgenstern, Z. Naturforsch. 10a (1955) 345.

    Google Scholar 

  46. S. I. Krichmar, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 151 (1963) 616.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. S. I. Krichmar, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 34 (1962) 663.

    Google Scholar 

  48. P. A. van der Meulen and H. V. Lindstron, Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 103 (1956) 390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. T. C. J. Ovenston, C. A. Parker, and A. E. Robinson, Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 104 (1957) 607.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. J. Priestley, Gilbert’s Analen 12 (1803) 466.

    Google Scholar 

  51. O. Kudra and M. E. Lerner, Ukrain. khim. Zh. 17 (1951) 890.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. O. Kudra and E. Gitman, Elektroliticheskoepoluchenie metallicheskiekh poroshkov, p. 43, Izd. Akad. Nauk UkrSSR, Kiev, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  53. K. Hirakoso, Denkikogaku Kyokoishi 3 (1935) 7; C.A. 29 (1935) 5749

    Google Scholar 

  54. N. Ibl, Helv. Chim. Acta 37 (1954) 1149.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. H. Fisher and H. F. Heiling, Trans. Inst. Metal Finishing, 4th Internat. Conference, London, pp. 31, 74 (1954); H. F. Heiling, Metals, 8 (1954) 438.

    Google Scholar 

  56. J. Atanasiu and A. Calusaru, Studii si cercetari de metalurgie 2 (1957) 337; C.A. 52 (1958) 13470h.

    Google Scholar 

  57. A. Calusaru, Thesis, Inst, polytechnic, Bucharest (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  58. W. R. Meyer, Proc. Am. Electropl. Soc. 23 (1935) 116, 135; 24 (1936) 135.

    Google Scholar 

  59. H. Schmellenmeier, Korrosion u. Metallsch. 21 (1945) 9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. G. E. Gardam, J. Electrodep. Tech. Soc. 22 (1947) 155.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. C. E. Reinhard, Proc. Am. Electropl. Soc. 37 (1950) 171.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. E. B. Leffler and H. Leidheiser, Plating 44 (1957) 388.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. A. T. Vagramyan and Z. A. Solovyova, Methody Issledovaniya Electroosazhdeniya Metallov, Moscow, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  64. O. Kardos and D. G. Foulke, Electrodeposition on small-scale profiles, in Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 2, Interscience, New York, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  65. O. Kardos, Proc. “Surface 66,” p. 62.

    Google Scholar 

  66. S. I. Krichmar and A. Ya. Pronskaya, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 39 (1965) 741.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. S. A. Watson and J. Edwards, Trans. Inst. Metal Finishing 34 (1957) 167.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. A. A. Voronko, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 35 (1962) 2802.

    Google Scholar 

  69. S. S. Kruglikov, and N. T. Kudriavtsev, G. F. Vorobiova, A. Ya. Antonov, Electrochim. Acta 10 (1965) 253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. S. A. Watson and J. Edwards, Trans. Inst. Metal Finishing 34 (1957) 167.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. G. T. Rogers and K. I. Taylor, Electrochim. Acta 8 (1963) 887.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. G. E. Gardam, in Proc. 3rd Intern. Electrodeposition Conf., London (1947), p. 203.

    Google Scholar 

  73. O. Kardos, Proc. Am. Electropl. Soc. 43 (1956) 181.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. S. A. Watson, Trans. Inst. Metal Finishing 37 (part 4) (1960), p. 144.

    Google Scholar 

  75. S. I. Krichmar, Zkfiz. khim. 39 (1965) 602; Elektrokhimiya 1 (1965) 858.

    Google Scholar 

  76. S. I. Krichmar, Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 726.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. J. Edwards, Trans. Inst. Metal. Finishing 39 (1962) 52.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. P. A. Jacquet, Bull. Soc. chim. France 3 (1936) 705.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. P. A. Jacquet, Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 69 (1936) 629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. T. P. Hoar and G. P. Rothwell, Electrochim. Acta 9 (1964) 135.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. B. Pointu, Electrochim. Acta 14 (1969) 1207.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. P. V. Shchigolev and N. D. Tomashov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 100 (1955) 327.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. P. V. Shchigolev, Electrolytic and Chemical Polishing of Metals, Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1959 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  84. T. V. Grechukhina and A. Sh. Valeyev, Elektrokhimiya 3 (1967) 1080.

    Google Scholar 

  85. A. Sh. Valeyev and G. I. Petrov, Elektrokhimiya 3 (1967) 624.

    Google Scholar 

  86. W. C. Elmore, J. Appl. Phys. 10 (1939) 724; 11 (1940) 797.

    Google Scholar 

  87. J. Edwards, J. Electrochem. Soc. 100 (1953) 189C; 100 (1953) 223C.

    Google Scholar 

  88. S. I. Krichmar, Zh. Priklad. Khim. 37 (1964) 2244.

    Google Scholar 

  89. S. I. Krichmar and A. Ya. Pronskaya, Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 69.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. U. R. Evans, Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 69 (1936) 652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. S. I. Krichmar, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 101 (1955) 297.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. G. S. Vozdvizhenskii, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 59 (1948) 1587.

    Google Scholar 

  93. S. I. Krichmar, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 100 (1955) 481.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. T. P. Hoar and J. A. S. Mowat, Nature 165 (1950) 64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. T. P. Hoar and T. W. Farthing, Nature 169 (1952) 324.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. K. Huber, Chimia 4 (1950) 54; Z. Electrochem. 55 (1951) 165.

    Google Scholar 

  97. W. Machu and A. Ragheb, Z. Metallk. 47 (1956) 176.

    Google Scholar 

  98. E. Darmois and M. I. Epelboin, Bull. Soc. Franc, électriciens 4 (1954) 344.

    Google Scholar 

  99. S. I. Krichmar, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 39 (1965) 1373.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. S. I. Krichmar, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 37 (1963) 2397.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. S. I. Krichmar, Elektrokhimiya 2 (1966) 1103.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. G. T. Bakhvalov, New Technology of Electrodeposition of Metals, Izd. Met., 1966 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  103. N. N. Bibikov, Electrodeposition of Metals by AC, Mashgiz, Moscow-Leningrad, 1961 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  104. G. T. Bakhvalov, Tr. 2-oi Vses. Konf Akad. Nauk po Teoret. i Prikl Khimii, p. 202, SSSR, 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  105. G. T. Bakhvalov, Sb. Nauchn. Tr. MITCMiZ im. Kalinina, p. 222, Metalurgizdat, 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  106. A. I. Levin et al., Sb. Statei UPI, W43, p. 99 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  107. G. W. Gernsted, Steel 120 (1947) 100; 120 (1947) 134; Steel Processing 33 (1947) 479; 33 (1947) 498.

    Google Scholar 

  108. French patent No. 932039, 10/111, 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  109. G. W. Gernsted, Plating 35 (1948) 708.

    Google Scholar 

  110. USA patent No. 2470755, 24/V, 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  111. USA patent No. 2451340, 12/X, 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  112. USA patent No. 2451341, 12/X, 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  113. USA patent No. 2636850, 28/V, 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  114. V. I. Chernenko et al., Elektrokhimiya 4 (1968) 519.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. D. Rossi, Galvanotechnics 1953, 793.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Yu. Ya. Vene and S. A. Nikolaeva, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 39 (1955) 811.

    Google Scholar 

  117. C. P. Wales, J. Electrochem. Soc. 115 (1968) 985.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. S. Arouete et al., J. Electrochem. Soc. 116 (1969) 166.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. N. N. Bibikov, Tekhnologya Transportnovo machinostroeniya, No. 3, VPTI, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  120. V. V. Romanov, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 34 (1961) 2692.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. A. P. Popkov, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 39 (1966) 1747.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. C. P. Wales, J. Electrochem. Soc. 113 (1966) 757.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. V. V. Romanov, Vestn. Elektropromishlenosty 9 (1960); V. V. Romanov, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 34 (1961) 2692.

    Google Scholar 

  124. C. P. Wales, J. Electrochem. Soc. 115 (1968) 680.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. R. Yu. Bek and N. T. Kudriavtsev, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 34 (1961) 2013.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. R. Yu. Bek and N. T. Kudriavtsev, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 34 (1961) 2020.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. R. Yu. Bek, D. Yu. Gamburg, and N. T. Kudriavtsev, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 35 (1962) 2244.

    Google Scholar 

  128. M. Ya. Popereka and V. I. Avramenko, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 39 (1965) 1875.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. M. Ya. Popereka and V. I. Avramenko, Elektrokhimiya 1 (1965) 894.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. V. V. Stender and M. D. Zholuev, Zh. Prikl. Khim. 32 (1959) 1296.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. A. R. Despic and K. I. Popov, J. Appl. Electrochem. 1 (1971) 39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. J. Wojtowicz and B. E. Conway, J. Chem. Phys. 52 (1970) 1407.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Yugoslavia

    A. R. Despić & K. I. Popov

Authors
  1. A. R. Despić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. I. Popov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    B. E. Conway (Commonwealth Visiting Professor) (Commonwealth Visiting Professor)

  2. Electrochemistry Laboratory John Harrison Laboratory of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    J. O’M. Bockris

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1972 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Despić, A.R., Popov, K.I. (1972). Transport-Controlled Deposition and Dissolution of Metals. In: Conway, B.E., Bockris, J.O. (eds) Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry No. 7. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3003-5_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3003-5_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-3005-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-3003-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation