Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Tetanus Intoxication

  • Chapter
Neuropoisons

Abstract

Because of man’s susceptibility to traumatic injury, plus the widespread dissemination of tetanus spores, the syndrome of wounding followed by a delayed illness characterized by muscle spasms and agonizing death was well known to the ancients. Hippocrates described a triad of wounding, lockjaw, and death. The syndrome is characterized by spreading stiffness of striated muscle, usually beginning in the area immediately surrounding the wound, ultimately leading to generalized spastic rigidity and death. Death seems primarily due to interference with respiratory mechanisms. The course of the clinical syndrome can be very slow, lasting weeks or months. As a result, observations on the mechanism of intoxication and the cause of death are liable to confusion between the primary mechanism and the secondary pathology that is produced as a result of the generalized incapacity of the patient.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abel, J. J., W. M. Firor, and W. Chalian (1938), Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 63:379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bizzini, B., A. Turpin, and M. Raynaud (1969), Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 116:686.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brieger, L. and G. Cohn (1893), Z. Hyg. Infektions Krankh., 15:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brody, I. A. (1969), New Eng. J. Med., 281:187.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, V. B., D. R. Curtis, and J. C. Eccles (1957), J. Physiol. (London), 135:655.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burton, R. M., R. E. Howard, S. Baer, and V. M. Balfour (1964), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 84:441.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cartwright, T. E. and M. A. Lauffer (1952), Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 81:508.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Courmont, J. and M. Doyon (1893), Arch. Physiol., 25:64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowles, R. B. and N. B. Nelson (1947), Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 64:220.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crozier, W. J. (1924), J. Gen. Physiol., 7:189.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daniel, E. E. (1965), Attempted synthesis of data regarding divalent ions in muscle function, in “Muscle” (W. M. Paul, E. E. Daniel, C. M. Kay, and G. Monckton, eds.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 295–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danysz, J. (1899), Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 13:156.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davenport, H. A. and S. W. Ranson (1929), Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 26:466.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, J. R. and E. A. Wright (1955), Br. J. Exp. Pathol., 36:487.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, D. J. and L. W. Nichol (1969), Austral. J. Biol. Sci., 22:247.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, M. S., M. N. Camien, and L. Pillemer (1949), Arch. Biochem., 22:374.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, M. D. (1936), Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., 35:16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, M. D. and A. Gronau (1938), J. Bact., 36:423.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebashi, S. and M. Endo (1964), Further studies on the calcium-binding activity of the relaxing factor, in “Biochemistry of Muscle Contraction” (J. Gergeley, ed.), Little, Brown and Company, Boston, pp. 199–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckmann, L. (1963), “Tetanus prophylaxis and therapy,” Grune and Stratton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, O. (1898), Berlin Klin. Wochenschr., 35:273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elis, J. and I. Janku (1961), Cesk. Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol., 10:296.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, W. H. and H. Macllwain (1967), J. Neurochem., 14:35.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Faber, K. (1890), Berlin. Klin. Wochenschr., 27:717.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feigen, G. A., N. S. Peterson, W. W. Hofmann, G. H. Genther, and W. E. Van Heyningen (1963), J. Gen. Microbiol., 33:489.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flemming, W. J. (1927), J. Exp. Med., 46:279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frangini, G., A. Comparini, and A. Dainelli (1956), Lo Sperimentale, 106:316.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorini, L. (1954), Boll. Ist. Sieroterap. Milan., 33:488.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hardegree, M. D. and L. W. Wannamaker (1965), Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 118:692.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, A. M. (1939), J. Physiol. (London), 96:348.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkin, A. L. and R. D. Keynes (1957), J. Physiol. (London), 138:253.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Imbriano, A. E. (1950), Sem. Méd. Buenos Aires, 57:185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ipsen, J. (1951), J. Immunol., 66:687.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janoff, A. (1964), Nature, 202:913.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, G. A. R., W. C. deGroat, and D. R. Curtis (1969), J. Neurochem., 16:797.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaeser, H. E. and A. Saner (1969), Nature, 223:842.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, J. H., J. L. Corbett, C. Prys-Roberts, A. Crampton Smith, and J. M. K. Spalding (1968), Lancet II, 236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitasato, S. (1891), Z. Hyg. Infektions Krankh., 10:267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klemm, P. (1889), Deut. Z. Chir., 29:168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kloetzel, K. (1961), Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Saõ Paulo, 3:290.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kloetzel, K. (1962), Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Saõ Paulo, 4:29.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kloetzel, K. (1963), JAMA, 185:559.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobinger, W., O. Kraupp, H. Stormann, and P. H. Clodi (1956), Arch. Exp. Path. Phamakol., 228:425.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kowarzyk, H., L. Czerchawski, and W. Fal (1965), Arch. Immunol. Therap. Exp., 13:426.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamanna, C. and C. J. Carr (1967), Clin. Parm. Therap., 8:286.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landsteiner, K. and A. Botteri (1906), Zbl. Bakt. I Abt. Orig., 42:562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Largier, J. F. (1956), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 21:433.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ling, G. N. (1969), Int. Rev. Cytol., 26:1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipskaya, T. Yu (1968), Biokhimia, 33:867.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • London, E. S. and V. M. Aristovsky, (1917), C. R. Soc. de Biol., 80:756.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luxoro, M. and E. Yanez (1968), J. Gen. Physiol., 51:115.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luzzati, V. and F. Husson (1962), J. Cell. Biol., 12:207.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackereth, M. B. and D. J. Scott (1954), N. Z. U. Otago Med. Sch. Proc., 32:13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macrae, J. (1967), Proc. of a Symposium on Tetanus in Great Britain (M. Ellis, ed.) Leeds, p. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangalo, R., B. Bizzini, A. Turpin, and M. Raynaud (1968), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 168:583.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marie, A. (1897), Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 11:591.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marr, A. G. M. and R. W. Patterson (1960), Aust. J. Sci., 23:131.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mellanby, J. and V. P. Whittaker (1968), J. Neurochem., 15:205.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, H. and F. Ransom (1903), Arch. f. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol, 39:369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michelazzi, L., M. D. Mor, and M. U. Dianzani (1955) Experientia, 11:73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morganroth, J. (1900) Arch. Intern. Pharmacodyn., 7:265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morax, V. and A. Marie (1903), Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 17:335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muchnik, S. and E. H. Rubinstein (1967), Acta Physiol. Latino Amer., 17:166.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muntz, J. A., L. Pillemer, and K. C. Robbins, Ann. Rev. Microbiol., 3:265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, S. G., T. H. Plummer, and K. D. Miller (1968), Fed. Proc., 27:268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, S. M. and K. D. Miller (1967), J. Bact., 94:580.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakane, P. K. and G. B. Pierce, Jr., (1966), J. Histochem. Cytochem., 14:929.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nayler, W. G. (1965), Calcium and other divalent ions in contraction of cardiac muscle, in, “Muscle” (W. M. Paul, E. E. Daniel, C. M. Kay, and G. Monckton, eds.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 167–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolaiër, A. (1884), Deut. Med. Wochenschr., 10:842.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, R. L., W. W. Hofmann, and G. A. Feigen (1966), Amer. J. Physiol., 210:84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patel, A. A. and S. S. Rao (1966), Brit. J. Pharm., 26:730.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peachey, L. D. (1962), Accumulation of divalent ions in mitochondrial granules of intact cells, in, “Electron Microscopy, Fifth International Congress, Philadelphia,” vol. II, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penitschka, W. (1953), Arch. Klin. Chir., 279:434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perdrup, A. (1946), Acta Pharmacol., 2:121.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pillemer, L., R. G. Wittler, and D. B. Grossberg (1946), Science, 103:615.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pillemer, L. and W. B. Wartman (1947), J. Imunol., 55:277.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pillemer, L. and D. H. Moore (1948), J. Biol. Chem., 173:427.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Podolsky, R. J. and L. L. Costantin (1964), Fed. Proc., 23:933.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prabhu, V. G. and Y. T. Oester (1962), J. Pharm. Exp. Therap., 138:241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson, S. W. (1928), Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., 20:663.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson, S. W. and H. H. Dixon (1928), Amer. J. Physiol., 86:312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson, S. W. and A. L. Morris (1926), J. Comp. Neurol., 42:99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ranson, S. and S. W. Ranson (1929), Arch. Pathol., 7:949.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raynaud, M., A. Turpin, and B. Bizzini (1960), Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 99:167.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowson, K. E. K. (1961), J. Gen. Microbiol, 25:315.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, A. and S. I. Zacks (1970), J. Histochem Cytochem., 18:302.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, H. (1944), Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol, 203:59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schottelius, B. A. and D. D. Schottelius (1959), Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 100:282.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheff, M. F., M. Perry, and S. I. Zacks (1963), Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 14:96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheff, M. F., B. Perry, and S. I. Zacks (1965), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 100:215.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheff, M. F. and S. I. Zacks (1966), unpublished observations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheff, M. F. and S. I. Zacks (1966a), J. Cell. Biol., 31:105a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sehff, M. F. and S. I. Zacks (1968), J. Cell. Biol., 39:123a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheff, M. F. and S. I. Zacks (1968a), unpublished observations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spiegel, E. A. (1923), “Zur physiologie u. pathologie des skelettmuskeltonus,” Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, J. W. (1958), Amer. J. Med. Sci., 235:317.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takaki, K. (1908), Beitr. Z. Chem. Physiol. Path., 11:288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Heyningen, W. E. (1959a), J. Gen. Microbiol, 20:291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Heyningen, W. E. (1959b), J. Gen. Microbiol, 20:301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Heyningen, W. E. and P. M. Miller (1961), J. Gen. Microbiol, 24:107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaillard, L. and H. Vincent (1891), Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 5:1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vejss, T. and B. Kozesnik (1954), Chek. Fisiol, 3:83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Behring, E. (1892), Z. Hyg. Infektionskrankh., 12:45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wassermann, A. and J. Takaki (1898), Berlin Klin. Wochschr., 35:5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, J. M. (1955), J. Exp. Med., 102:783.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wensink, F. and J. A. Cohen (1953), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 10:184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wensinck, F., J. J. Boeve, and H. Renaud (1953), Brit. J. Exp. Pathol., 34:681.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, G. S. and A. A. Miles (1964), “Topley and Wilson’s Principles of Bacteriology and Immunology,” 5th ed., Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, p. 278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, E. A., R. S. Morgan, and G. P. Wright (1952), Lancet, 2:316.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, E. A. (1954), J. Path. Bact., 68:131.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, G. P. (1955), Pharmacol. Rev., 7:413.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zacks, S. I. and M. F. Sheff (1964), J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol., 23:306.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zacks, S. I. and M. F. Sheff (1965), Acta Neuropathol., 4:267.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zacks, S. I., J. A. S. Hall, and M. F. Sheff (1966), Amer. J. Pathol., 48:811.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zacks, S. I. and M. F. Sheff (1966), Morphological and biochemical studies of tetanus intoxication in : Proc. V. Internat. Congress of Neuropathology (F. Liithy and A. Bischoff, eds.), Excerpta Medica Found., Amsterdam, p. 673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zacks, S. I. and M. F. Sheff (1968), Science, 159:643.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Sumner I. Zacks & Michael F. Sheff

  2. Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Sumner I. Zacks & Michael F. Sheff

Authors
  1. Sumner I. Zacks
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael F. Sheff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Chemical Biodynamics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA

    Lance L. Simpson

  2. Division of Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA

    Lance L. Simpson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1971 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zacks, S.I., Sheff, M.F. (1971). Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Tetanus Intoxication. In: Simpson, L.L. (eds) Neuropoisons. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2940-4_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2940-4_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2942-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2940-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation