Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Energy Metabolism : Methods in Isolated Smooth Muscle and Methods at Cellular and Subcellular Levels

  • Chapter
Smooth Muscle

Abstract

In this chapter we propose to describe techniques for studying biochemical reactions which provide energy for performance of work by the smooth muscle cell. These of course are merely the chemical components of chemomechanical processes operative during smooth muscle contraction. The latter, as Mommaerts (1969) has pointed out in the case of muscle, are a special and particularly favorable example of bioenergetics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Axelsson, J. Hoberg, S. G. R. and Timms, A. R. 1965. The effect of removing and re-admitting glucose on the electrical and mechanical activity and glucose and glycogen content of intestinal smooth muscle from the taenia coli of the guinea pig.Acta Physiol. Scand.,6428–48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, S. B. and Summerson, W. H. 1941. The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material.J. Biol. Chem., 138 535–554.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beaconsfield, P., and Liuzzi, A. 1962. Metabolism of the normal cardiovascular wall.Experientia, 28:276- 277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beatty, C. H., Gasinger, G. M., and Bocek, R. M. 1969. Carohydrate metabolism of myometrium from the pregnant rhesus monkey.J. Reprod. Pert.,19:443–454.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmeyer, H. U. 1963.Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. 1st ed. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim/Bergstrasse and Academic Press, New York.Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse, 2nd German ed. Weinheim/ Bergstrasse, Verlag Chemie. 1970. 2nd ed. in English: in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, B. and Stetten, Jr., D. 1953. Pathways of glucose cataboHsm.J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75:5446.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonsignore, A., Pontremoli, S., Graz, E. and Mangiarott, M. 1959. The formation and cleavage of fructose catalyzed by transaldolase.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1:79–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bozler, E. 1930. The heat production of smooth muscle.J. Physiol., 69:442–462.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandstrup, N., Kirk, J. E. and Bruni, C. 1957. The hexokinase and phosphoglucoisomerase activities of aortic and pulmonary artery tissue in individuals of various ages.J. Geront., 12:166–171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bremer, J. 1968. Long chain acyl-carnitines.Biochem. Prep.,12:69–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brendel, D. and Bressler, R. 1967. The resolution of (±) carnitine and the synthesis of acetyl-carnitines.Biochim. Biophys. Acta.,157:98–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bucher, T., Kreju, K., Russman, W., Schnitger, H., and Wesemann, W. 1964. Metabolite assay in frozen samples of liver tissue. In:Rapid Mixing and Sampling Techniques in Biochemistry, pp. 255–264. Ed. by Chance, B. Eisenhardt, R. H. Gibson, Q. H. and Lonberg-Holm, K. K. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bueding, E. 1964. Biochemical effects of adrenaline on intestinal smooth muscle. In:Control of Glyogen Metabolism, a Ciba Foundation symposium, pp. 247–252. J. and A. Churchill Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bueding, E. and Hawkins, J. T. 1964. Enzymic degradation and microdetermination of glycogen.Anal. Biochem., 7:26–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bülbring, E. and Golenhofen, K. 1967. Oxygen consumption in the isolated smooth muscle of guinea-pig taenia coli.Physiol., 795:213–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cain, D. F. and Davies, R. E. 1962. Breakdown of adenosine triphosphate during a single contraction of working muscle.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 361–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, C. J. Bell, F. K.Hurst, J. N. and Krantz, Jr. J. C. 1954. Myokinase activity of coronary arteries.Circ. Res.,2:516–519

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, C. J., Bell, F. K., Rehak, M. J., and Krantz, Jr., J. C. 1955. Effect of drugs on myokinase activity of coronary arteries.Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 89:184–186.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chance, B. and Williams, G. R. 1956. The respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation.Advan. Enzymol., 77:65–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clinch, N. F. 1968. On the increase in rate of heat production caused by stretch in frog’s skeletal muscle.J. Physiol, 196:391–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coe, J., De, R., and Bohr, D. F., 1968. Substrates and vascular smooth muscle contraction.Am. J. Physiol., 214 245–250.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colowick, S. P. add Kaplan, N. O., eds. 1967.Methods in Enzymology, Vols. I, II, V, IX, X, XIII. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danforth, W. H., Helmreich, E., and Cori, C. F. 1962. The effect of contraction and of epinephrine on the Phosphorylase activity of frog sartorius muscle.Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (U.S.), 48:1191–1199.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubois, M. Gilles, K. A. Hamilton, J. K. Rebers, P. A. and Smith, F. 1965. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances.Anal. Chem., 28:350–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elias, H. and Henning, H. A. 1967. Stereology of the human renal glomerulus. In:Quatitative Methods in Morphology, pp. 130–166. Ed. by Weibel, E. and Elias, H. Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias, H. Henning, A. and Schwartz, D. E. 1971. Stereology: Applications to biomedical research.Physiol. Rev.,51:158–200.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Estabrook, R. W. 1967. Mitochondrial respiratory control and the Polarographie measurement of ADP: O ratios. In:Methods in Enzymology, Vol. X, pp. 41–47. Ed. by Estabrook, R. W. and Pullman, M. E. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, C. L. 1923–1924. Studies on the physiology of plain muscle. II. The oxygen usage of plain muscle and the relation to tonus.J. Physiol,58:22–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fawaz, E. N., Fawaz, G., and von Dahl, K. 1962. Enzymatic estimation of phosphocreatine.Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 709:38–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fawaz, G. and Fawaz, E. N. 1971. Phosphate compound analyses. In:Methods in Pharmacology, Vol. 1, pp. 515–551. Ed. by Schwartz, A. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Focant, B. 1968. Purification et compartement a I’electrophorese sur gel d’amidon de la creatine cinase de carotides de bovide.Arch. Int. Physiol.,76:373–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Focant, B. 1970. Isolement et proprietes de la creatine-kinase de muscle lisse de boeuf.FEBS Letters, 10:57–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedemann, T. E., and Graeser, J. B. 1933. The determination of lactic acid.J. Biol. Chem. 100:291–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furchgott, R. F. 1966. Metabolic factors that influence contractility of vascular smooth muscle.Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med., 42:996–1006.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gautheron, D., Gaudemer, Y., and Zajdela, F. 1961. Isolement de sarcosomes d’uterus de pore et leurs proprietes oxydophosphorylantes comparees a celles de sarcosomes de coeur.Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol., 43:193–205.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hackenbrock, C. R. 1966. Ultrastructural basis for metabolically linked mechanical activity in mitochondria. I. Reversible ultrastructural changes with change in metabolic steady state in isolated liver mitochondria.J. Cell. Biol.,30:269–291.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hackenbrock, C. R. 1968. Ultrastructural basis for metabolically linked mechanical activity in mitochondria. II. Electron transport linked ultrastructural transformations in mitochondria.J. Cell. Biol, 37:345–369.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hestrin, S. 1964. The reaction of acetylcholine and other carboxylic acid derivatives with hydroxylamine, and its analytical application.J. Biol Chem.,180:240–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, A. V. 1931. Myothermic experiments on a frog gastrocnemius.Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 109:267–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, A. V. 1965.Trails and Trials in Physiology, pp. 208–241. Edward Arnold, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hohorst, H. J. 1963. L-(+)-lactate determination with lactic dehydrogenase and DPN. In:Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, pp. 266–270. Ed. by Bergmeyer, H. V. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. O., Richardson, D. W., Smith, M. H., and Patterson, J. L. 1965. Oxygen consumption of arterioles and venules as studied in the Cartesian diver.Circ. Res., 16:187–196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, J. A. and Fusaro, R. M. 1970. Enzymic analysis of rabbit skeletal muscle carbohydrate.Anal Biochem., 37:298–312.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, M. and Wood, H. G. 1963. The use of14CO2yields from glucose-1- and -6-14C for the evaluation of the pathways of glucose metabolism.J. Biol Chem.,238:515–523.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. E. 1959. The ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activity of arterial tissue in individuals of various ages.J. Geront.,14:447–449.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. E. 1960. The isocitrate dehydrogenase and TPN-malic enzyme activities of arterial tissue in individuals of various ages.J. Geront., 15:262–266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. E. 1961. The aconitase activity of arterial tissue in individuals of various ages.J. Geront.,16:25–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. E. 1962. Variation with age in the creatine phosphokinase activity of human aortic tissue.J. Geront.,17:369–372.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. E. 1963. Transketolase activity in human arterial and venous tissue.J. Lab. Clin. Med.,68:888- 889.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. E. 1966a. Citrate condensing enzyme activity of human arterial and venous tissue.Lab. Clin. Med.,68:888–889.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. E. 1966b. The phosphoglucomutase, phosphoglyceric acid mutase, and phosphomannose isomerase activities of arterial tissue in individuals of various ages.J. Geront., 27:420–425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. E. 1967. Transaldolase and aldose reductase activities of human vascular tissue.J. Lab. Clin. Med.,70:889.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. E. and Laursen, T. J. S. 1955. Diffusion coefficients of various solutes for human aortic tissue, with special reference to variation in tissue permeability with age.J. Geront., 70:288–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. E. and Ritz, E. 1966. Phosphoglyceric kinase in human vascular tissue.Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol Med., 122:1201–1204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. E. and Ritz, E. 1967. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activities of arterial tissue in individuals of various ages.J. Geront., 22:427–432.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. E. and Sorensen. 1956. The aldolase activity of aortic and pulmonary artery tissue in individuals of various ages.J. Geront., 77:373–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. E., Effersoe, P. G. and Chiang, S. P. 1954. The rate of respiration and glycolysis by human and dog aortic tissue.J. Geront., 9:10–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk, J. E., Wang, I., and Brandstrup, N. 1959. The glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities of arterial tissue in individuals of various ages.J. Geront.,14:25–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klingenberg, M. 1964. Muskelmitochondrien! Ergeb.Physiol. Biol. Chem. Exptl. Pharmakol., 55:131–189.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korman, E. F., Addink, A. D. F., Wakabayashi, T., and Green, D. E. 1970. A unified model of mitochondrial morphology.Bioenergetics, 1:9–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kosan, R. L. and Burton, A. C. 1966. Oxygen consumption of arterial smooth muscle as a function of active tone and passive stretch,Circ. Res.,18: 79–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kroeger, E. A. 1970. Mechanisms of action of hypoxia in airway smooth muscle: effect on energy and calcium metabolism. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Manitoba.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroeger, E. A. and Stephens, N. L. 1971. Effect of hypoxia on energy metaboHsm in airway smooth muscle.Am. J. Physiol, 220:1199–1024.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krogh, A. 1918–1919. The rate of diffusion of gases through animal tissues, with some remarks on the coefficient of invasion.J. Physiol, 52:391–408.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laursen, T. J. S. and Kirk, J. E. 1955. The presence of aconitase and fumarase in human aortic tissue.J. Geront., 70:26–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larrabee, M. G., Ramos, J. G., and Bulbring, E. 1952. Effects of anesthetics on oxygen consumption and on synaptic transmission in sympathetic ganghon.J. Cell Comp. Physiol, 40:461–494.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Fevre, M. E. 1969. Calibrations of Clark oxygen electrode for use in aqueous solutions.J. Appl Physiol,26:844–846.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehninger, A. L. 1970a. Biochemistry—The Molecular Basis of Cell Structure and Function. Worth Publishers, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehninger, A. L. 1970b. Mitochondria and calcium ion transport.Biochem. J., 119:129–138.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Henthal, Jr., J. L., Zierler, K. L., Folk, B. P., Buka, R., and Riley, M. J. 1950. A reference base and system for analysis of muscle constituents.J. Biol Chem.,182:501–508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowenstein, J. M. 1972. Ammonia production in muscle and other tissues: the purine nucleotide cycle.Physiol Rev.,52:382–414.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., and Randall, R. J. 1957. Protein measurement with the FoHn phenol reagents.J. Biol Chem., 193:265–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, O. H., Schulz, D. W. and Passonneau, J. V. 1964. Effects of adenylic acid on the kinetics of muscle Phosphorylasea.J. Biol Chem.,239:1947–1953.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundholm, L. and Mohme-Lundholm, E. 1962. The effects of adrenaline and glucose on the content of high-energy phosphate esters in substrate-depleted vascular smooth muscle.Acta Physiol Scand.,56:130–139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundholm, L., Mohme-Lundholm, E., and Vamos, N. 1963a. Lactic acid assays with L(+) lactic acid dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle.Acta Physiol Scand., 58:243–249.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundholm, L., Mohme-Lundholm, E., and Svedmyr, N. 1963b. Comparative investigation of methods for determination of lactic acid in blood and in tissue extracts.Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 75:311–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luh, W. and Henkel, E. 1965. Content and distribution of phosphotransferases in the human skeletal and uterine musculature. Z.Geburtsh. Gynaekol,183279–288.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandel, P. and Kempf, E. 1963. The pentose phosphate pathway in the degradation of glucose by aortic tissue.J. Atheroscler. Res., 5:233–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matzke, J. R., Kirk, J. E., and Wang, L 1957. The lactic and malic dehydrogenase activities of aortic and pulmonary artery tissue in individuals of various ages.J. Geront., 72:279–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohme-Lundholm, E. 1962. Phosphorylase activity of smooth muscle.Acta Physiol Scand.,54200–208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohme-Lundholm, E. 1963. Smooth muscle Phosphorylase and enzymes affecting its activity.Acta Physiol Scand., 5974–84

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mommaerts, W. F. H. M. 1969. Energetics of muscular contraction.Pharmacol Rev.,49:427–508.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery, R. 1957. Determination of glycogen.Arch. Biochem., 67:378–386.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, E. S., Scott, R. F., Kroms, M., and Pastori, S. J. 1970. A method for isolating aortic mitochondria exhibiting high respiratory control.Biochem. Med.,4 47–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, R. A., Bohr, D. F., and Newman, D. L. 1969. Arterial actomyosin: Mg, Ca, and ATP ion dependencies for ATPase activity.Am. J. Physiol,217:666–613.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nöda, L. 1962. Nucleoside triphosphate-nucleoside monophosphokinases. In:The Enzymes, 2nd. ed. Vol. VI, p. 139. Ed. by Boyer, P. D., Lardy, H., and Myrbäck, K. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pande, S. V. and Blanchaer, M. C. 1971. Carbohydrate and fat in energy metabolism of red and white muscle.Am. J. Physiol, 220:549–553.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pantesco, V., Kempf, E., Mandel, P., and Fontaine, R. 1962. Etudes metaboliques comparees des parois arterielles et veineuse chez les bovides. Leurs variations au cours du vieillissement.Pathol Biol, 70:1301–1306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paton, D. M. 1968. Effects of metabolic inhibitors on contraction of rabbit detrusor muscle.Br. J. Pharmacol,34:493–498.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pletscher, A., Staub, H., Hunzinger, W., and Hess, W. 1950. Zum Kohlenhydratstaffwechsel. I. Mitteilung.Helv. Physiol Acta,8306–316.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ritz, E. and Kirk, J. E. 1969. The phosphofructokinase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities of arterial tissue in individuals of various ages.J. Geront., 22:433–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritz, E. 1968. Der Pentosezyklus in Arteriengewebe.J. Atheroscler. Res.,8445–453.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sbarra, A. J., Gilfillan, R. F., and Bardavil, W. A. 1960. The hexosemonophosphate pathway in arterial tissue.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 5:311–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaitman, C. Erwin, V. G. and Greenawalt, J. W. 1967. The sub-mitochondrial locaHzation of mon- amine oxidase: an enzymatic marker for the other membrane of rat liver mitochondria.J. Cell Biol.,32:119–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singhal, R. L. and Valadares, J. R. E. 1970. Estrogenic regulation of uterine pyruvate kinase.Am. J. Physiol,218:321–321.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skidmore, W. D. and Entenman, C. 1962. The determination of esterified fatty acids in glycerides, cholesterol ester and phosphatides.J. Lipid Res.,3356–363.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slater, E. C. 1967. Manometric methods and phosphate determination. In:Methods in Enzymology, Vol. X, pp. 19–29. Ed. by Estabrook, R. W. and Pullman, M. E. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slater, E. C. 1967. Application of inhibitors and uncouplers for a study of oxidative phosphorylation. In:Methods in Enzymology, pp. 48–57. Ed. by Estabrook, R. W. and Pullman, M. E. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Somlyo, A. P. and Somlyo, A. V. 1968. Vascular smooth muscle I. Normal structure, pathology, biochemistry and biophysics.Pharmacol Rev., 20:197–272.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sordahl, L. A., Johnson, C., Blailock, Z. R., and Schwartz, A. 1971. The mitochondria. In:Methods in Pharmacology, Vol. 1. Ed. by Schwartz, A. Appleton-Century, Crofts, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srere, P. A., Brazil, H., and Gonen, L. 1963. Citrate condensing enzyme of pigeon breast muscle and moth flight muscle.Acta Chem. Scand., 17(Suppl. 1): 129–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stainsby, N. W., Fales, J. T., and Lilienthal, Jr., J. L. 1956.Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp., 99:249.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, N. L. and Kroger, E. 1970. Effect of hypoxia on airway smooth muscle mechanics and electro- physiology.J. Appl Physiol, 25:630–635.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, N. L. and Wrogemann, K. 1970. Oxidative phosphorylation in smooth muscle.Am. J. Physiol, 279:1796–1801.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, N. L., Kroeger, E., and Mehta, J. A. 1969. Force-velocity characteristics of respiratory airway smooth muscle.J. Appl Physiol, 26:685–692.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strominger, J. L. and Lowry, O. H. 1955. The quantitative histochemistry of brain. IV. Lactic, malic, and glutamic dehydrogenases.J. Biol Chem., 275:635–646.

    Google Scholar 

  • Umbreit, W. W., Burris, R. H., Stauffer, J. F. 1964.Manometric Techniques, 4th ed. Burgess Pubhshing Co., Minneapolis, Minnesota.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waalas, O. and Waalas, E. 1950. The metabolism of uterine muscle studied with radioactive phosphorus.Acta Physiol Scand., 21:18–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wakabayashi, T., Hatase, O., Allman, D. W., Smoly, J. M., and Green, D. E. 1970. On the stabilization by fixation of configurational states in beef heart mitochondria.Bioenergetics, 7:527–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wakid, N. W. 1960. Cytoplasmic fractions of the rat myometrium. I. General description and some enzymic properties.Biochem. J.,76:88–95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, I. and Kirk, J. E. 1959. The enolase activity of arterial tissue in individuals of various ages.J. Geront.,14:444–446.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wertheimer, H. E. and Ben-Tor, V. 1961. Physiologic and pathologic influences on the metabolism of rat aorta.Ore. Res., 9:23–28.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woledge, R. C. 1961. The thermoelastic effect of change of tension in active muscle.J. Physiol, 155:187- 208.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wollenberger, A. Ristan, O. and Schoffa, G. 1960. Eine einfache Technik der extrem schnellen Abkühlung grösserer Gewebestücke.Pflügers Arch., 270:399–412.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wrogemann, K. 1970.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    N. L. Stephens, E. A. Kroeger & K. Wrogemann

Authors
  1. N. L. Stephens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. E. A. Kroeger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K. Wrogemann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

    Edwin E. Daniel  & David M. Paton  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1975 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stephens, N.L., Kroeger, E.A., Wrogemann, K. (1975). Energy Metabolism : Methods in Isolated Smooth Muscle and Methods at Cellular and Subcellular Levels. In: Daniel, E.E., Paton, D.M. (eds) Smooth Muscle. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2751-6_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2751-6_31

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2753-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2751-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation