Abstract
A great deal of work is being carried out using l-asparaginase as a model system for the “selective nutritional deprivation” approach to cancer therapy. Certain tumor cells, unlike normal cells, cannot synthesize enough asparagine and depend on extracellular supplies for asparagine. Selective depletion of this extracellular source of asparagine by l-asparaginase can lead to the suppression of asparagine-dependent tumors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abell, C. W., Stith, W. J., and Hodgins, D. S., 1972, The effects of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase on leukemic lymphocytes in vitro, Cancer Res. 32:285.
Adamson, R. H., and Fabro, S., 1968, Antitumor activity and other biologic properties of L-asparaginase (NSG 109229—review, Cancer Chemotherapy. Rept. 52:617.
Avery, T. L., and Roberts, D., 1973, Combination chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside, L-asparaginase, and 6-azauridine for transplantable murine leukemias, Cancer Res. 33:391.
Baechtel, S., and Prager, M. D., 1973, Basis for loss of therapeutic effectiveness of L-asparaginase in sensitized mice, Cancer Res. 33:1966.
Beard, M. E. J., Crowther, D., Galton, D. A. G., Guyer, R. J., Fairley, G. H., Kay, H. E. M., Knapton, P. J., Malpas, J. S., and Scott, R. B., 1970, L-Asparaginase in treatment of acute leukemia and lymphosarcoma, Brig. Med. J. 1:191.
Bilimoria, M. H., 1969, Conditions for the production of L- asparaginase 2 by coliform bacteria, Appi. Microbiol. 18:1025.
Boiron, M., and Levy, D., 1969, Asparaginase 1969, Pathol. Biol. 17:1129.
Bonetti, E., Abbondanza, A., Della Corte, E., and Stirpe, F., 1969, The regulation of L-asparaginase activity in rats and mice: effects of normal and malignant growth, of sex and of dietary changes, Biochim. J. 115:597.
Bosmann, H. B., and Kessel, D., 1970, Inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis in L5178Y mouse leukemia cells by L-asparaginase in-vitro, Nature 226:850.
Boyse, E. A., Old, L. J., Campbell, H. A., and Mashburn, L. T., 1967, Suppression of murine leukemias by L-asparaginase—incidence of sensitivity among leukemias of various types—comparative inhibitory activities of guinea pig serum L-asparaginase and Escherichia coli L-asparaginase, J. Exptl. Med. 125:17.
Broome, J. D., 1961, Evidence that the L-asparaginase activity of guinea pig serum is responsible for its antilymphoma effects, Nature 191:1114.
Broome, J. D., 1963a, Evidence that the L-asparaginase of guinea pig serum is responsible for its antilymphoma effects: I. Properties of the L-asparaginase of guinea pig serum in relation to those of the antilymphoma substance, J. Exptl. Med. 118:99.
Broome, J. D., 1963b, Evidence that the L-asparaginase of guinea pig serum is responsible for its antilymphoma effects: II. Lymphoma 6C3HED cells cultured in a medium devoid of L-asparaginase lose their susceptibility to the effects of guinea pig serum in-vivo,J. Exptl. Med. 118:121.
Broome, J. D., 1965, Antilymphoma activity of L-asparaginase in-vivo: clearance rates of enzyme preparations from guinea pig serum and yeast in relation to their effect on tumor growth, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 35:967.
Broome, J. D., 1968a, Factors which may influence the effectiveness of L-asparaginases as tumor inhibitors, Brit. J. Cancer 22:595.
Broome, J. D., 1968b, L-Asparaginase: the evolution of a new tumor inhibitory agent, Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 30:690.
Broome, J. D., 1968c, Studies on the mechanism of tumor inhibition by L-asparaginase. Effects of the enzyme on asparagine levels in the blood, normal tissues, and 6C3HED lymphomas of mice: differences in asparagine formation and utilization in asparaginase-sensitive and -resistant lymphoma cells, J. Exptl. Med. 127:1055.
Broome, J. D. and Schenkein, I., 1971, in: La L-asparaginase, Du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, p. 95.
Broome, J. D., and Schwartz, J. H., 1967, Differences in the production of L-asparagine in asparaginase-sensitive and resistant lymphoma cells, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 138:637.
Burchenal, J. H., 1971, in: La L-asparaginase, Du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, p. 243.
Campbell, H. A., Mashburn, L. T., Boyse, E. A., and Old, L. J., 1967, Two L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli B: their separation, purification, and antitumor activity, Biochemistry 6:721.
Capizzi, R. L., and Handschumacher, R. E., 1973, Asparaginase, in: Cancer Medicine, (J. F. Holland and E. Frei III eds.), p. 850, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
Capizzi, R. L., Bertino, J. R., and Handschumacher, R. E., 1970, L-Asparaginase, Ann. Rev. Med. 21:433.
Capizzi, R. L., Bertino, J. R., Skeel, R. T., Creasey, W. A., Zanes, R., Olayon, C., Peterson, R. G., and Handschumacher, R. E., 1971a, L-Asparaginase: clinical, biochemical, pharmacological, and immunological studies, Ann. Int. Med. 74:893.
Capizzi, R. L., Summers, W. P., and Bertino, J. R., 1971b, L-Asparaginase induced alteration of amethopterin (methotrexate) activity in mouse leukemia L5178Y, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 186:302.
Chang, T. M. S., 1964, Semipermeable microcapsules, Science 146:524.
Chang, T. M. S., 1969, Asparaginase-loaded semipermeable microcapsules for mouse lymphomas, Proc. Can. Federation Biol. Sci. 12:62
Chang, T. M. S., 1971, The in-vivo effects of semipermeable microcapsules containing L-asparaginase on 6C3HED lymphosarcoma, Nature 229:117.
Chang, T. M. S., 1972, Artificial Cells, Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, Ill.
Chang, T. M. S., 1973a, Biomedical applications of artificial cells, Bio-Med. Eng. 8:334.
Chang, T. M. S., 1973b, L-Asparaginase immobilized within semipermeable microcapsules: in-vitro and in-vivo stability, Enzyme 14:95.
Chang, T. M. S., 1975, Immobilized enzymes and their biomedical applications, in: Immobilized Enzymes, Antigens, Antibodies, and Peptides, (H. H. Weetall, ed.), p. 245, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
Chattopadhyay, S. K., Matthews, W. S., and Brown, H. D., 1973, Glycine inhibition of L-asparagine amidohydrolase activity, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 50:797.
Clarkson, B., Krakoff, I., Burchenal, J., Karnofsky, D., Golbey, R., Dowling, M., Oettgen, H., and Upton, A., 1970, Clinical results of treatment with E. coli L-asparaginase in adults with leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors, Cancer 25:279.
Clementi, A., 1922, La Désamination enzymatique de l’asparagine chez les différentes espèces animaleset la signification physiologique de sa présence dans l’organisme, Arch. Int. Physiol. 19:369.
Cooney, D. A., and Handschumacher, R. E., 1970, L-Asparaginase and L-asparagine metabolism, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 10:421.
Cooney, D. A., Capizzi, R. L., and Handschumacher, R. E., 1970, Evaluation of L-asparagine metabolism in animals and man, Cancer Res. 30:929.
Crowther, D., 1971, L-Asparaginase and human malignant disease, Nature 229:168.
De Barros, T., Filho, M. C., De Santana, C. F., Valencia, M., Da Silva, M. P., Guedes, J., and De Carvalho, A. R. L., 1965, Utilizacao de L-asparaginase empaciente humano portador de neoplasia maligna, An. Fac. Med. Univ. Recife 25:21.
Dohlwitz, A., Franien, S., Holmgren, A., Killander, A., Killander, D., Wide, L., and Ahstrom, L., 1970, in: Recent Results in Cancer Research (E. Grundmann and H. F. Oettgen, eds.), 33:198.
Dolowy, W. C., Henson, D., Cornet, J., and Sellin, H., 1966, Toxic and antineoplastic effects of Lasparaginase: study of mice with lymphoma and normal monkeys and report on a child with leukemia, Cancer 19:116.
El-Asmar, F. A., and Greenberg, D. M., 1966, Studies on the mechanism of inhibition of tumor growth by the enzyme glutaminase, Cancer Res. 26:116.
Ellem, K. A. O., Fabrizio, A. M., and Jackson, L., 1970, The dependence of DNA and RNA synthesis on protein synthesis in asparaginase-treated lymphoma cells, Cancer Res. 30:515.
Errera, M., and Greenstein, J. P., 1947, Desamidation of glutamine and asparagine in normal and neoplastic hepatic tissues, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 7:285.
Gallo, R. C. and Adamson, R. H., 1971, in: La L-asparaginase, Du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, p. 121.
Gallo, R. C., Longmore, J. L., and Adamson, R. H., 1970a, Asparaginyl-tRNA and resistance of murine leukemias to L-asparaginase, Nature 227:1134.
Gallo, R. C., Longmore, J., and Adamson, R. H., 1970b, The mechanism of asparaginase resistance of leukemic cells: correlations with alterations in asparaginyl-transfer RNA, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Cancer Res. 11:29.
Goldberg, A. I., Cooney, D. A., Glynn, J. P., Homan, E. R., Gaston, M. R., and Milman, H. A., 1973, The effects of immunization to L-asparaginase on antitumor and enzymatic activity, Cancer Res. 33:256.
Greenberg, D. M., Blumenthal, G., and Ramadan, M. E., 1964, Effect of administration of the enzyme glutaminase on the growth of cancer cells, Cancer Res. 24:957.
Grundmann, E., and Oettgen, H. F. (eds.), 1970, Experimental and clinical effects of L-asparaginase, Recent Results in Cancer Res. 33.
Haley, E. E., Fischer, G. A., and Welch, A. D., 1961, The requirement for L-asparagine of mouse leukemia cells L5178Y in culture, Cancer Res. 21:532.
Haskell, C. M., and Canellos, G. P., 1969, L-Asparaginase resistance in human leukemia—L-Asparagine synethtase, Biochem. Pharmacol. 18:2578.
Haskell, C. M., Canellos, G. P., Leventhal, B. G., Carbone, P. P., Block, J. B., Serpick, A. A., and Selawry, O. S., 1969a, L-Asparaginase—therapeutic and toxic effects in patients with neoplastic disease, New Engl. J. Med. 281:1028.
Haskell, C. M., Canellos, G. P., Leventhal, B. G., Carbone, P. P., Serpick, A. A., and Hansen, H. H., 1969b, L-Asparaginase toxicity, Cancer Res. 29:974.
Hill, J. M., Roberts, J., Loeb, E., Khan, A., MacLellan, A., and Hill, R. W., 1967, L-Asparaginase therapy for leukemia and other malignant neoplasms, J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 202:882.
Hirschmann, W. D., Seeber, S., Warnecke, P., and Oerkermann, H., 1971, in: La L-asparaginase, Du Centre National de la Recherce Scientifique, Paris, p. 133.
Ho, D. H. W., Whitecar, J. P., Jr., Luce, J. K., and Frei, E., III, 1970, L-Asparagine requirement and the effect of L-asparaginase on the normal and leukemic human bone marrow, Cancer Res. 30: 466.
Holley, R. W., 1967, Evidence that a rat liver “inhibitor” of the synthesis of DNA in cultured mammalian cells is arginase, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 145:525.
Holmquist, N. D., 1962, Effect of normal agouti serum on 6C3HED lymphoma in-vivo,Federation Proc. 21:166.
Holmquist, N. D., 1963, Effect of normal sera of several related rodents on 6C3HED lymphoma in-vivo, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 113:444.
Horowitz, B., Madras, B. K., Meister, A., Old, L. J., Boyse, E. A., and Stockert, E., 1968, Asparagine synthetase activity of mouse leukemias, Science 160:533.
Howard, J. B., and Carpenter, F. H., 1972, L-Asparaginase from Erarinia carotovora: substrate specificity and enzymatic properties, J. Biol. Chem. 247:1020.
International Symposium on L-Asparaginase, Paris, Nov. 28–30, 1971. Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique No. 197. Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris.
Irion, E., and Arens, A., 1970, in: Recent Results in Cancer Research (E. Grundmann and H. F. Oettgen, eds.), 33:39.
Jacobs, S. P., Wodinsky, I., Kensler, C.J., and Venditti, J. M., 1970, Combination therapy studies with L-asparaginase (NSC-109229) and other antitumor agents, Cancer Chemotherapy Rept. 54:329.
Jaffe, N., Traggis, D., Das, L., Moloney, W. C., Hann, H. W., Kim, S. C., and Nair, R., 1971, L-asparaginase in treatment of neoplastic diseases in children, Cancer Res. 31:942.
Jameson, E., Ainis, H., and Ryan, R. M., 1956, Action of guinea pig serum and human gamma globulin on the growth of a rat tumor, Science 124:980.
Khan, A., and Hill, J. M., 1969, Neutralizing precipitin in the serum of a patient treated with Lasparaginase, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 73:846.
Kidd, J. G., 1953a, Regression of transplanted lymphomas induced in-vivo by means of normal guinea pig serum: I. Cause of transplanted cancers of various kinds in mice and rats given guinea pig serum, horse serum, or rabbit serum, J. Exptl. Med. 98:565.
Kidd, J. G., 1953b, Regression of transplanted lymphomas induced in-vivo by means of normal guinea pig serum: II. Studies on the nature of the active serum constituent: histological mechanism of the regression: tests for effects of guinea pig serum on lymphoma cells in-vitro: Discussion, J. Exptl. Med. 98:583.
Kim, S. E., 1962, Effect of sex hormones on the growth of transplanted mouse lymphomas in various hosts: enhanced growth of 6C3HED lymphoma cells in mice treated with estrogenic hormones, New Med. J. (Seoul, Korea) 5:73.
Krebs, H. A., 1950, Monometric determination of L-aspartic acid and L-asparagine, Biochem. J. 47:605.
Kwak, K. S., Jameson, E., Ryan, R. M., and Kurtz, H. M., 1961, The effect of varying implant cell numbers of the inhibitory activity of guinea pig serum on Walker carcinosarcoma 256 in the rat, Cancer Res. 21:44.
Land, V. J., Sutow, W. W., Fernbach, D. J., Lane, D. M., Williams, T. E., 1972, Toxicity of Lasparaginase in children with advanced leukemia, Cancer 30:339.
Law, A. S., and Wriston, J. C., Jr., 1971, Purification and properties of Bacillus coagulans, Arch. Biochem. Biophy. 147:744.
Loos, M., Vadlamudi, S., Meltzer, M., Shifrin, S., Borsos, T., and Goldin, A., 1972, Detection of endotoxin in commercial L-asparaginase preparations by complement fixation and separation by chromatography, Cancer Res. 32:2292.
Mashburn, L. T.,1971, Combination chemotherapy with L-asparaginase (EC-2) using P1798 lymphosarcoma, Cancer 28:1321.
Mashburn, L. T., and Landin, L. M., 1968, Changes in ribonuclease activities in P1798 lymphosarcoma after asparaginase treatment, Arch. Biochem. Biophy. 125:721.
Mashburn, L. T. and Landin, L. M., 1970, in: Recent Results in Cancer Research (E. Grundmann and H. F. Oettgen, eds.), 33:48.
Mashburn, L. T., and Wriston, J. C., Jr., 1964, Tumor inhibitory effect of L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli, Arch. Biochem. Biophy. 105:450.
Mashburn, L. T., and Wriston, J. C., Jr., 1966, Change in ribonuclease concentrations in L-asparaginase-treated lymphosarcomata, Nature 211:1403.
McCredie, K. B., Ho, D. H. W., and Freireich, E. J., 1973, L-Asparaginase for the treatment of cancer, Ca —A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 23:220.
McGee, M., Greengard, O., and Knox, W. E., 1971, The developmental formation of asparaginase in liver and its distribution in rat tissues, Enzyme 12:1.
Meister, A. (ed.), 1965, in: Biochemistry of the Amino Acids, Vol. 2, 2nd ed., p. 607, Academic Press, Inc., New York.
Miller, H. K., Salser, J. S., and Balis, M. E., 1969, Amino acid levels following L-asparagine amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.1.1) therapy, Cancer Res. 29:183.
Milman, H. A., and Cooney, D. A., 1974, The distribution of L-asparagine synthetase in the principal organs of several mammalian and avian species, Biochem. J. 142:27.
Neuman, R. E., and McCoy, T. A., 1956, Dual requirement of Walker carcinosarcoma 256 in-vitro for asparagine and glutamine, Science 124:124.
Oettgen, H. F., 1971, Clinical evaluation of L-asparaginase, in: Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer Congress,Vol. 2, p. 159, Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago.
Oettgen, H. F., Old, L. J., Boyse, E. A., Campbell, H. A., Philips, F. S., Clarkson, B. D., Tallai, L., Leeper, R. D., Schwartz, M. K., and Kim, J. H., 1967, Inhibition of leukemias in man by Lasparaginase, Cancer Res. 27:2619.
Oettgen, H. F., Stephenson, P. A., Schwartz, M. K., Leeper, R. D., Tallai, L., Tan, C. C., Clarkson, B. D., Golbey, R. B., Krakoff, I. H., Karnofsky, D. A., Murphy, M. L., and Burchenal, J. H., 1970, Toxicity of E. coli L-asparaginase in man, Cancer 25:253.
Ohnuma, T., Bergel, F., and Bray, R. C., 1967, Enzymes in cancer: asparaginase from chicken liver, Biochem. J. 103:238.
Ohnuma, T., Holland, J. F., Freeman, A., and Sinks, L. F., 1970, Biochemical and pharmacological studies with asparaginase in man, Cancer Res. 30:2297.
Ohnuma, T., Rosner, F., Levy, R. N., Cuttner, J., Moon, J. H., Silver, R. T., Blom, J., Falkson, G., Burningham, R., Gildewell, O., and Holland, J. F., 1971, Treatment of adult leukemia with Lasparaginase (NSC-109220), Cancer Chemotherapy Rept. 55:269.
Ohnuma, T., Walczak, I. M., McKee, S. G., Roberts, J., and Havir, E., 1973, Effects of E. coli asparaginase (A-ase), Erwinia carotovora A-ase, Acinetobacter glutaminase (G-ase)/A-ase, E. coli Gase, Pseudomonas histidase (H-ase), potato phenylalanine NH4-lyase (P-ase) and mushroom tyrosinase (T-ase) on human leukemic cells in-vitro, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Cancer Res. 14:106.
Oki, T., Shirai, M., Ohshima, M., Yamamoto, T., and Soda, K., 1973, Antitumor activities of bacterial leucine dehydrogenase and glutaminase A, FEBS Letters 33:286.
Old, L. J., Boyse, E. A., Campbell, H. A., and Daria, G. M., 1963, Leukemia-inhibiting properties and L-asparaginase activity of sera from certain South American rodents, Nature 198:801.
Old, L. J., Boyse, E. A., Campbell, H. A., Brodey, R. S., Fidler, J., and Teller, J. D., 1967, Treatment of lymphosarcoma in the dog with L-asparaginase, Cancer 20:1066.
Patterson, M. K., Jr., and Orr, G. R., 1967, L-Asparagine biosynthesis by nutritional variants of the Jensen sarcoma, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 26:228.
Patterson, M. K., Jr., and Orr, G. R., 1969, Regeneration, tumor, dietary, and L-asparaginase effects on asparagine biosynthesis in rat liver, Cancer Res. 29:1179.
Peters, J. H., Lin, S. C., Berridge, B. J., Jr., Chao, W. R., and Cummings, J. G., 1970, Circulatory Lasparaginase activity in primates, Life Sci. 9:431.
Peterson, R. E., and Ciegler, A., 1969, L-Asparaginase production by various bacteria, Appi. Microbiol. 17:929.
Peterson, R. G., Handschumacher, R. E., and Mitschell, M. S., 1971, Immunological responses to Lasparaginase, J. Clin. Invest. 50:1080.
Pizer, L. I., and Regan, J. D., 1972, Basis for the serine requirement in leukemic and normal human leukocytes: reduced levels of the enzymes in the phosphorylated pathway, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 48:1897.
Prager, M. D., 1971, in: La L-asparaginase, Du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, p. 179.
Prager, M. D., and Bachynsky, N., 1968a, Asparagine synthetase in asparaginase resistant and susceptible mouse lymphomas, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 31:43.
Prager, M. D., and Bachynsky, N., 1968b, Asparagine synthetase in normal and malignant tissues: correlation with tumor sensitivity to asparaginase, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 127:645.
Pratt, C. B., Roberts, D., Shanks, E., Warmath, E. L., and Jackson, R., 1973, Asparaginase in combination chemotherapy for remission induction of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia, Cancer Res. 33:2020.
Raskova, H., and Vanecek, J., 1964, Pharmacology of bacterial toxins, Pharmacol. Rev. 16:1.
Rauenbusch, E., Bauer, K., Kaufmann, W., and Wagner, O., 1970, Isolation and crystallization of 1. asparaginase from E. coli, in: Recent Results in Cancer Research (E. Grundmann and H. F. Oettgen. eds.), 33:31.
Regan, J. D., Vodopick, H., Takeda, S., Lee, W. H., and Faulcon, F. M., 1969, Serine requirement in leukemic and normal blood cells, Science 163:1452.
Reis, H. E., and Schmidt, C. G., 1970, The antigenicity of E. coli L-asparaginase in: Recent Results in Cancer Research (E. Grundman and H. F. Deltgen, eds.), 33:194.
Riley, V., 1968, Role of the LDH-elevating virus in leukaemia therapy by asparaginase, Nature 220:1245.
Riley, V., Campbell, H. A., and Stock, C. C., 1970, Asparaginase clearance: influence of the LDHelevating virus, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 133:38.
Riley, V., Spackman, D. H., and Fitzmaurice, M. A., 1971, in: La L-asparaginase, Du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, p. 139.
Riley, V., Spackman, D., Fitzmaurice, M. A., Roberts, J., Holcenberg, J. S., and Dolowy, W. C., 1974, Therapeutic properties of a new glutaminase-asparaginase preparation and the influence of the lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, Cancer Res. 34:429.
Roberts, J., Prager, M. D., and Bachynsky, N., 1966, The antitumor activity of Escherichia coli Lasparaginase, Cancer Res. 26:2213.
Roberts, J., Burson, G., and Hill, J. M., 1968, New procedures for purification of L-asparaginase with high yield from Escherichia coli,J. Bacterial. 95:2117.
Roberts, J., Holcenberg, J. S., and Dolowy, W. C., 1970, Antineoplastic activity of highly purified bacterial L-glutaminase, Nature 227:1136.
Roberts, J., Holcenberg, J. S., and Dolowy, W. C., 1972, Isolation, crystallization, and properties of Achromobacteraceae glutaminase-asparaginase with antitumor activity, J. Biol. Chem. 247: 84.
Rutter, D. A., and Wade, H. E., 1971, The influence of the iso-electric point of L-asparaginase upon its persistence in the blood, Brit. J. Exptl. Pathol. 52:610.
Ryan, W. L., and Dworak, J. E., 1970, Amino acids of the 6C3HED lymphosarcoma following treatment with asparaginase, Cancer Res. 30:1206.
Ryan, W. L., and Sornson, H. C., 1970, Glycine inhibition of asparaginase, Science 167:1512.
Sasada, M., and Terayama, H., 1969, The nature of inhibitors of DNA synthesis in rat-liver hepatoma cells, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 190:73.
Schmid, F. A., and Roberts, J., 1974, Antineoplastic and toxic effects of Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas glutaminase-asparaginases, Cancer Chemotherapy Rept. 58:829.
Schrek, R., Holcenberg, J. S., Roberts, J., and Dolowy, W. C., 1971, In-vitro crytocidal effect of Lglutaminase on leukaemic lymphocytes, Nature 232:265.
Schwartz, J. H., Reeves, J. Y., and Broome, J. D., 1966, Two L-asparaginases from E. coli and their action against tumors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 56:1516.
Siu Chong, E. D., and Chang, T. M. S., 1974. In-vivo effects of intraperitoneally injected L-asparaginase solution and L-asparaginase immobilized within semipermeable nylon microcapsules with emphasis on blood L-asparaginase, “body” L-asparaginase, and plasma L-asparagine levels, Enzyme 18:218.
Siu Chong, E. D., and Chang, T. M. S. 1976a, A comparison of the tumor inhibitory effectiveness of intraperitoneally injected L-asparaginase solution and L-asparaginase microcapsules in non-immunized and immunized mice bearing the 6C3HED lymphosarcoma. (in preparation)
Siu Chong, E. D., and Chang, T. M. S. 1976b, Influence of immunization on the in-vivo effects of intraperitoneally injected L-asparaginase solution and L-asparaginase microcapsules. (in preparation)
Sobin, L. H., and Kidd, J. G., 1965, A metabolic difference between two lines of lymphoma 6C3HED cells in relation to asparagine, Proc. Soc. Expt. Biol. Med. 119:325.
Sobin, L. H., and Kidd, J. G., 1966, Alterations in protein and nucleic acid metabolism of lymphoma 6C3HED-OG cells in mice given guinea pig serum, J. Expt. Med. 123:55.
Suld, H. M., and Herbut, P. A., 1965, Guinea pig serum and liver L-asparaginases: purification and antitumor activity, J. Biol. Chem. 240:2234.
Suld, H. M., and Herbut, P. A., 1970, Guinea pig serum and liver L-asparaginases: comparison of serum and papain-digested liver L-asparaginases, J. Biol. Chem. 245:2797.
Summers, W. P., and Handschumacher, R. E., 1973, The rate of mutation of L5178Y asparagine-dependent mouse leukemia cells to asparagine independence and its biological consequences, Cancer Res. 33:1775.
Sutow, W. W., Garcia, F., Starling, K. A., Williams, T. E., Lane, D. M., and Gehan, E. A., 1971, LAsparaginase therapy in children with advanced leukemia, Cancer 28:819.
Tallai, L., Tan, C., Oettgen, H., Wollner, N., McCarthy, M., Helson, L., Burchenal, J., Karnofsky, D., and Murphy, M. L., 1970, E. coli L-asparaginase in the treatment of leukemia and solid tumors in 131 children, Cancer 25:306.
Tosa, T., Sano, R., Yamamoto, K., Nakamura, M., Ando, K., and Chibata, I., 1971, L-Asparaginase from Proteus vulgaris, App. Microbiol. 22:387.
Tower, D. B., Peters, E. L., and Curtis, W. C., 1963, Guinea pig serum L-asparaginase: properties, purification, and application to determination of asparagine in biological samples, J. Biol. Chem. 238:983.
Uren, J. R., Summers, W. P., and Handschumacher, R. E., 1974, Enzymatic and nutritional evidence for two-state expression of the asparagine synthetase locus in L5178Y murine leukemia mutants, Cancer Res. 34:2940.
Vadlamudi, S., Padarathsingh, M., Waravdekar, V. S., and Goldin, A., 1970, Factors influencing the therapeutic activity of L-asparaginase (NSC 109229) in leukemic (L5178Y) mice, Cancer Res. 30:1467.
Vadlamudi, S., Padarathsingh, M., Bonmassar, E., Waravdekar, V., and Goldin, A., 1971, Studies on neutralization of L-asparaginase activity in-vitro and in-vivo, Cancer 27:1321.
Vadlamudi, S., Krishna, B., Reddy, V. V. S., and Goldin, A., 1973, Schedule-dependent therapeutic synergism for L-asparaginase and methotrexate in leukemic (L5178Y) mice, Cancer Res. 33:2014.
Weinberger, S., 1971, L-asparaginase as an antitumor agent, Enzyme 12:143.
Whelan, H. A., and Wriston, J. C., Jr., 1969, Purification and properties of asparaginase from E. coli B, Biochemistry 8:2386.
Whitecar, J. P., Jr., Bodey, G. P., Harris, J. E., and Freireich, E. J., 1970, Current concepts—Lasparaginase, New Engl. J. Med. 282:732.
Woods, J. S., and Dixon, R. L., 1968, Uptake of asparagine C-14 into the pyrimidine synthesis pathway of guinea pig serum sensitive 6C3HED lymphosarcoma cells, Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. 11:67.
Wriston, J. C., Jr., and Yellin, T. O., 1973, L-Asparaginase: review, Advan. Enzymol. 39:185.
Zubrod, C. G., 1970, The clinical toxicities of L-asparaginase in treatment of leukemia and lymphoma, Pediatrics 45:555.
Zweifach, B. W., and Jenoff, A., 1965, Bacterial endotoxemia, Ann. Rev. Med. 16:201.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1977 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chong, E.D.S., Chang, T.M.S. (1977). l-Asparaginase as a Model for Enzyme Therapy of Substrate-Dependent Tumors. In: Chang, T.M.S. (eds) Biomedical Applications of Immobilized Enzymes and Proteins. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2610-6_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2610-6_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2612-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2610-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive