Abstract
Projections of future events may have become more frequent simply because a new century is approaching. Or, quite possibly, the incidence of such projections has increased because the technology for making them has proliferated and improved. Whatever the reason may be, one such set of projections was recently undertaken and presented by a group of scholars interested in the problems of aging (Neugarten, 1975). As background for the more sophisticated projections, one estimate predicted that in the year 2000 over 35 million people in the United States would be 65 years of age or over, in contrast to about 22 million at the time of this writing. The magnitude of this increase in the United States in the aged population is, to say the least, impressive. On a worldwide basis, the figures are even more impressive. And yet, as Beattie has pointed out, a number of significant futuristic studies have for all intents and purposes ignored or have omitted consideration of the elderly segment of the population (Beattie, 1975).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aldrich, C. K., and Mendkoff, E. Relocation of the aged and disabled: A mortality study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1963, 11, 185–194.
Anders, T. R., Fozard, T. L., and Lillyquist, T. D. The effects of age upon retrieval from short-term memory. Developmental Psychology, 1972, 6, 214–217.
Anderson, N. N. Effects of institutionalization on self-esteem, Journal of Gerontology, 1967, 22, 313–317.
Baltes, P. B., and Schaie, K. W. Aging and IQ: The myth of the twilight years. Psychology Today, 1974, 7 (10), 35–40.
Beattie, W. M., Jr. Discussion, in Aging in the year 2000: A look at the future. The Gerontologist, 1975, 15 (1), 39.
Botwinick, J. Aging and behavior. New York: Springer Publishing Co., Inc., 1973.
Bourestom, N., and Tars, S. Alterations in life patterns following nursing home relocation. The Gerontologist, 1974, 14, 506–510.
Butler, R. N. Why survive? Being old in America. New York: Harper Row, 1975.
Camargo, O., and Preston, G. H. What happens to patients who are hospitalized for the first time when over 65? American Journal of Psychiatry, 1945, 102, 168–173.
Carp, F. M. A future for the aged. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1966.
Carp, F. M. The impact of environment on old people. The Gerontologist, 1967, 7, 106–108.
Carp, F. M. Short-term and long-term prediction of adjustment to a new environment. Journal of Gerontology, 1974, 29, 444–453.
Cassel, J. The relation of the urban environment to health: Toward a conceptual frame and a research strategy. (mimeo, no date).
Conestrari, R. E., Jr. Paced and self-paced learning in young and elderly adults. Journal of Gerontology, 1963, 18, 165–168.
De Vries, H. A. Physiology of exercise and aging. In D. S. Woodruff and J. Birren (Eds.), Aging. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., 1975.
Eisdorfer, C. Verbal learning and response time in the aged. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1965, 197, 15–22.
Fried, M. Grieving for a lost home: Psychological costs of relocation. In L. Duhl (Ed.), The urban condition. New York: Basic Books, 1963.
Goldfarb, A. I., Shahinian, S. P., and Turner, H. Death rates of relocated nursing home residents. Paper presented at the 17th annual meeting of Gerontological Society, New York, November, 1966.
Helson, H. Adaption level theory. New York: Harper Row, 1974.
Kahana, E. A congruence model of person-environment interaction. In P. G. Windley, T. O. Byerts, and F. G. Ernst (Eds.), Theory development in environment and aging. Washington, D.C.: The Gerontological Society, 1975.
Kasteler, J. M., Gray, R. M., and Carruth, M. L. Involuntary relocation of the elderly. The Gerontologist, 1968, 8, 276–279.
Killian, E. C. Effect of geriatric transfers on mortality rates. Social Work, 1970, 15, 19–26.
Kleemeier, R. W. The use and measuring of time in special settings. In R. W. Kleemeier (Ed.), Aging and leisure. New York: Oxford University Press, 1961.
Lawton, M. P. Institutions for the aged: Theory, content, and methods for research. The Gerontologist, 1970, 10, 305–312.
Lawton, M. P. Competence, environmental press and the adaptation of older people. In P. G. Windley, T. O. Byerts, and F. G. Ernst (Eds.), Theory development in environment and aging, Washington, D.C.: The Gerontological Society, 1975.
Lawton, M. P., and Cohen, J. The generality of housing impact on the well-being of older people. Journal of Gerontology, 1974, 29, 194–204.
Lawton, M. P., and Nahemow, L. Ecology and the aging process. In C. Eisdorfer and M. P. Lawton (Eds.), The psychology of adult development and aging. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1973.
Lawton, M. P., Nahemow, L., and Teaff, J. Housing characteristics and the well-being of elderly tenants in federally assisted housing. Journal of Gerontology, 1975, 30, 601–607.
Lawton, M. P., and Yaffee, S. Mortality, morbidity, and voluntary change of residence by older people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1970, 18, 823–831.
Lazarus, R. S. Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1966.
Lieberman, M. A. Relationship of mortality rates to entrance to a home for the aged. Geriatrics, 1961, 16, 515–519.
Lieberman, M. A. Psychological correlates of impending death: Some preliminary observations. Journal of Gerontology, 1965, 20, 181–190.
Lieberman, M. A. Relocation research and social policy. The Gerontologist, 1974, 14, 494–501.
Maddox, G., and Douglas, E. G. Aging and individual differences: A longitudinal analysis of social, psychological, and physiological indicators, Journal of Gerontology, 1974, 29, 555–563.
Manney, J. D., Jr. Aging in American society. Ann Arbor: Institute of Gerontology, Michigan-Wayne State University, 1975.
Markson, E. W., and Cumming, J. H. A strategy of necessary mass transfer and its impact on patient mortality. Journal of Gerontology, 1974, 29, 315–321.
Markson, E. W., and Cumming, J. H. The post-transfer fate of relocated mental patients in New York. The Gerontologist, 1975, 15, 104–108.
Markus, E. Post-relocation mortality among institutionalized aged. Cleveland: Benjamin Rose Institute, 1970 (mimeo).
Markus, E., Blenkner, M., Bloom, J., and Downs, T. Relocation stress and the aged. Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology, Vol. 6, Basel: S. Karger, 1970.
Markus, E., Blenkner, M., Bloom, J., and Downs, T. The impact of relocation upon mortality rates of institutionalized aged persons. Journal of Gerontology, 1971, 26, 537–541.
Markus, E., Blenkner, M., Bloom, J., and Downs, T. Some factors and their association with post-relocation mortality among institutionalized aged persons. Journal of Gerontology, 1972, 27, 376–382.
Miller, D., and Lieberman, M. A. The relationships of affected state and adaptive capacity to reactions to stress. Journal of Gerontology, 1965, 20, 492–497.
Murray, H. A. Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford Press, 1938.
Neugarten, B. L. (Ed.). Aging in the year 2000: A look at the future. The Gerontologist, 1975, 15(1), part II.
Pastalan, L. A. Panelist’s paper. Involuntary environmental relocation: Death and survival. In W. F. E. Preiser (Ed.), Environmental design research. Vol. 2. Stroudsburg, Pa.: Dowden, Hutchinson Ross, Inc., 1973, p. 410.
Riegel, K., and Riegel, R. Development, drop and death. Developmental Psychology, 1972, 6, 306–319.
Rosow, I. Socialization to old age. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.
Schooler, K. K. Effects of changes in residential environment. Paper presented at the 9th International Congress on Gerontology, Kiev, Russia, July, 1972.
Schooler, K. K. Some consequences of environmental change in an elderly sample. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association, Montreal, Quebec, 27 August 1973.
Schooler, K. K. Response of the elderly to environment: A stress-theoretical perspective. In P. G. Windley, T. O. Byerts, and F. G. Ernst (Eds.), Theory development in environment and aging. Washington, D.C.: The Gerontological Society, 1975.
Smith, A. Aging and interference with memory. Journal of Gerontology, 1975, 30, 319–325.
Spirduso, W. W. Reaction and movement time as a function of age and physical activity level. Journal of Gerontology, 1975, 30, 435–440.
Storandt, M., Wittels, I., and Botwinick, J. Predictors of a dimension of well-being in the relocated health aged. Journal of Gerontology, 1975, 30 (1), 97–102.
Terreberry, S. Household relocation: Resident’s views. In E. Wolf and C. Lebeaux (Eds.), Change and renewal in an urban community: Five case studies in Detroit, 1967.
Wohlwill, J. F. Behavioral response and adaptation to environmental stimulation. In A. Damon (Ed.), Physiological anthropology, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1974.
Woodruff, D. S. The usefulness of the life span approach for the psycho-physiology of aging. The Gerontologist, 1973, 13, 467–472.
Woodruff, D. S., and Birren, J. E. (Eds.) Aging, New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., 1975.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1976 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schooler, K.K. (1976). Environmental Change and the Elderly. In: Altman, I., Wohlwill, J.F. (eds) Human Behavior and Environment. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2550-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2550-5_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2552-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2550-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive