Skip to main content

The Auditory Response

  • Chapter
Perinatal Physiology

Abstract

The author has deliberately chosen the term “auditory response” in this discussion of auditory function in the fetus and neonate, and has eschewed the use of “hearing.’’ The reason for the choice is that the word “hearing” used with reference to the fetus, neonate, and even the older infant could give rise to a conceptual hazard. A little thought will show that “hearing” is normally used in relation to a complex adult activity whereby the hearer elaborates, consciously or unconsciously, the connotations of certain acoustic properties of sounds on the basis of previous auditory experience. In other words, when the adult hears, he interprets sounds by making use of what he has heard previously, even long previously, and this interpretation can be regarded as part of hearing. Also, “hearing” may refer to listening, to perceiving, and so on.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aran, J. M., 1971, The electro-cochleogram; recent results in children and in some pathological cases, Arch. Ohren-, Nasen-, Kehlkopfheilk. 198:128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Barnet, A. B., Ohlrich, E. S., and Shanks, B. L., 1971, E.E.G. evoked responses to repetitive auditory stimulation in normal and Down’s syndrome infants, Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 13:321.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bartoshuk, A. K., 1962, Response decrement with repeated elicitation of human neonatal cardiac acceleration to sounds, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 55:1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bartoshuk, A. K., 1962, Human neonatal cardiac acceleration to sound: Habituation and dishabituation, Percept. Mot. Skills 15:15.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bartoshuk, A. K., 1964, Human neonatal cardiac responses to sound: A power function, Psychonom. Sci. 1:151.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bast, T. H., and Anson, B. J., 1949, The Temporal Bone and the Ear, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bench, R.J., 1971, The rise and demise of the critical period concept, Sound (Br. J. Audiol.) 5:21.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bench, R. J., and Mentz, D. L., 1975, On the measurement of human foetal auditory response, in: Sound Reception in Mammals (Symp. Zool. Soc. London No. 37) (R. J. Bench, A. Pye, and J. D. Pye, eds.), pp. 23–40, Academic Press, New York and London.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bench, R. J., Anderson, J. H., and Hoare, M., 1970, Measurement system for fetal audiometry, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 47:1602.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bench, J., Collyer, Y., Langford, C., and Toms, R., 1972, A comparison between the neonatal sound evoked startle response and the head-drop (Moro) reflex, Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 14:308.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bench, J., Collyer, Y., Mentz, L., and Wilson, I., 1976, Studies in infant behavioural audiometry: I. Neonates, Audiology 15:85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bosher, S. K., 1975, Morphological and functional changes in the peripheral auditory system associated with the inception of hearing, in: Sound Reception in Mammals (Symp. Zool. Soc. London No. 37) (R. J. Bench, A. Pye, and J. D. Pye, eds.), pp. 11–22, Academic Press, New York and London.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bridger, W. H., 1961, Sensory habituation and discrimination in the human neonate, Amer. J. Psychiatry 117:991.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Davis, H., Davis, P. A., Loomis, A. L., Harvey, E. N., and Hobart, G. A., 1939, Electrical reactions of human brain to auditory stimulation during sleep, J. Neurophysiol. 2:500.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Douek, E., Gibson, W., and Humphries, K., 1974, The crossed acoustic response and objective tests of hearing, Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 16:32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Downs, M. P., and Sterrit, G. M., 1967, A guide to newborn and infant hearing screening programs, Arch. Otolaryngol. 85:15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Dwornicka, B., Jasienska, A., Smolarz, W., and Wawryk, R., 1964, Attempt of determining the fetal reaction to acoustic stimulation, Acta Otolaryngol. 57:571.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ellingson, R. J., 1958, Electroencephalograms of normal full-term newborns immediately after birth with observations on arousal and visual evoked responses, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 10:31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ewing, I. R., and Ewing, A. W. G., 1944, The ascertainment of deafness in infancy and early childhood, J. Laryngol. Otol. 59:309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Graham, F. K., and Jackson, J. C., 1970, Arousal systems and infant heart rate responses, in: Advances in Child Development and Behavior (H. W. Reese and L. P. Lipsitt, eds.), pp. 59–117, Academic Press, New York and London.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Grimwade, J. C., Walker, D. W., Bartlett, M., Gordon, S., and Wood, C., 1971, Human fetal heart rate change and movement in response to sound and vibration, Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 109:86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hardy, J. B., Dougherty, A., and Hardy, W. G., 1959, Hearing responses and audiologic screening in infants, J. Pediatr. 55:382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Henshall, W. R., 1972, Intra-uterine sound levels, Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 112:576.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hutt, C., von Bernuth, H., Lenard, H. G., Hutt, S. J., and Prechtl, H. F. R., 1968, Habituation in relation to state in the human neonate, Nature (London) 220:618.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hutt, S. J., Hutt, C., Lenard, H. G., Bernuth, H. V., and Muntjewerff, W. J., 1968, Auditory responsivity in the human neonate, Nature (London) 218:888.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Hutt, S. J., Lenard, H. G., and Prechtl, H. F. R., 1969, Psychophysiological studies in newborn infants, in: Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 4 (L. P. Lipsitt and H. W. Reese, eds.), pp. 127–172, Academic Press, New York and London.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Jackson, J. C., Kantowitz, S. R., and Graham, F. K., 1971, Can newborns show cardiac orienting?, Child Dev. 42:107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Johansson, B., Wedenberg, E., and Westin, B., 1964, Measurement of tone response by the human foetus, Acta Otolaryngol. 57:188.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Keith, R. W., 1971, Impedance audiometry with neonates, Arch. Otolaryngol. 97:465.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Keith, R. W., 1975, Middle ear function in neonates, Arch. Otolaryngol. 101:376.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kiang, N. Y.-S., Grist, A. H., French, M. A., and Edwards, A. G., 1963, Postauricular electrical response to acoustic stimuli in humans, M. I. T. Q. Prog. Rep. 68:218.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Lacey, J. J., 1959, Psychophysiological approaches to the evaluation of psychotherapeutic process and outcome, in: Research in Psychotherapy (E. A. Rubinstein and M. B. Parloff, eds.), pp. 160–208, American Psychology Association, Washington, D.C.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  33. Lenneberg, E. H., 1967, Biological Foundations of Language, Wiley, New York and London.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Leiberman, A., Sohmer, H., and Szabo, G., 1973, Cochlear audiometry (electro-cochleography) during the neonatal period, Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 15:8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Lindsley, D. B., 1942, Heart and brain potentials of human fetuses in utero, Amer. J. Psychol. 55:412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Ling, D., 1972, Response validity in auditory tests of newborn infants, Laryngoscope 82:376.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ling, D., Ling, A. H., and Doehring, D. G., 1970, Stimulus, response and observer variables in the auditory screening of newborn infants, J. Speech Hear. Res. 11:811.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Lipton, E. L., Steinschneider, A., and Richmond, J. B., 1966, Autonomic function in the neonate: VII. Maturational change in cardiac control, Child Dev. 37:1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Murphy, K. P., and Smyth, C. N., 1962, Response of foetus to auditory stimulation, Lancet 1:972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Rosen, M. G., Scibetta, J. J., and Hochberg, C. J., 1970, Human fetal electroencephalogram. III. Pattern changes in presence of fetal heart rate alterations and after use of maternal medications, Obstet. Gynecol. 36:132.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Routtenberg, S., 1968, The two-arousal hypothesis: Reticular formation and limbic system, Psychol. Rev. 75:51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Scibetta, J. J., and Rosen, M. G., 1969, Response evoked by sound in the fetal guinea pig, Obstet. Gynecol. 33:830.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Scibetta, J. J., Rosen, M. G., Hochberg, C. J., and Chik, L., 1971, Human fetal brain response to sound during labor, Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 109:82.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Scott, J. P., 1962, Critical periods in behavioral development, Science 138:949.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Sokolov, E. N., 1963, Perception and the Conditional Reflex, Macmillan, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Sontag, L. W., 1936, Changes in the rate of the human fetal heart in response to vibratory stimuli, Amer. J. Dis. Child. 51:583.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Sontag, L. W., 1944, Differences in modifiability of fetal behavior and physiology, Psychosom. Med. 6:151.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Sontag, L. W., and Wallace, R. F., 1935, The movement response of the human fetus to sound stimuli, Child Dev. 6:253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Steinschneider, A., Lipton, E. L., and Richmond, J. B., 1966, Auditory sensitivity in the infant: Effect of intensity on cardiac and motor responsivity, Child Dev. 37:233.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Suzuki, T., Jamijo, Y., and Kiuchi, S., 1964, Auditory test of newborn infants, Ann. Otol. 73:914.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Turkewitz, G., Birch, H. G., and Cooper, K. K., 1972, Responsiveness to simple and complex auditory stimuli in the human newborn, Dev. Psychobiol. 5:7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Vallbona, C., Desmond, M. M., Rudolph, A. J., Pap, L. F., Hill, R. M., Franklin, R. R., and Rush, J. B., 1963, Cardiodynamic studies in the newborn. II. Regulation of the heart rate, Biol. Neonat. 5:159.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Vasiliu, D. I., 1968, L’enfant est prêt à entendre dans la vie intrauterine. Contributions sur l’embryolo-genese de l’oreille et la Pneumatisation de la mastoide et du rocher, Int. Audiol. 7:181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Walker, D., Grimwade, J., and Wood, C., 1971, Intra-uterine noise. A component of the fetal environment, Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 109:91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Yoshie, N., 1973, Diagnostic significance of the electrocochleogram in clinical audiometry, Audiology 12:504.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Plenum Publishing Corporation

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bench, J. (1978). The Auditory Response. In: Stave, U. (eds) Perinatal Physiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2316-7_35

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2316-7_35

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2318-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2316-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics