Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Carcinogens and Carcinogenesis

  • Chapter
Principles of Surgical Oncology

Abstract

The magnitude of the cancer problem and the years of life lost due to cancer mortality from different forms of cancer has been discussed recently (Murray and Axtell, 1974).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexander, E. R. (1973). Possible etiologies of cancer of the cervix other than herpesviruses. Cancer Res. 33:1485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bagshawe, A. F., Parker, A. M., and Jindani, A. (1971). Hepatitis-associated antigen in liver disease in Kenya. Br. Med. J. 1: 88.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bagshawe, A., and Nganda, T. N. (1973). Hepatitis B antigen in a rural community in Kenya. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 67: 663.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baird. W.. Dipple. A.. Grover. P. L.. Sims, P.. and Brookes. P. (1973). Studies on the formation of hydrocarbon-deoxyribonucleoside products by the binding of derivatives of 7methylbenz[a] anthracene to DNA in aqueous solution and in mouse embryo cells in culture. Cancer Res. 33: 2386–2392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, A. (1973). Immunological aspects of chemical carcinogenesis. Adv. Cancer Res. 18: 1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basu, T. K., and Dickerson, W. T. (1973). Inter-relationships of nutrition and the metabolism of drugs. Chem. Biol. Interact. 8: 193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berenblum, I. (1969). A re-evaluation of the concept of co-carcinogenesis. Prog. Exp. Tumor Res. 11: 21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann, E. D., and Pullman, B., eds. (1969). Physicochemical mechanisms of carcinogenesis. In The Jerusalem Symposia on Quantum Chemistry and Biochemisty. Israel Academy of Science and Humanities, Jerusalem.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertram, J. S., and Heidelberger, C. (1973). Cell-cycle dependency of chemical oncogenic transformation in culture. Proc Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. Abs. 65: 273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berwald, Y., and Sachs, L. (1963). In vitro cell transformation and chemical carcinogens. Nature (London) 200: 1182.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bogovski, P., Gilson, J. C., and Wagner, J. C., eds. (1973). Proceedings of the Conference on Biological Effects of Asbestos. Int. Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brookes. P. and Lawley. P. D. (1964). Alkylating agents. Brit. Med. Bull. 20: 91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buell, P. (1974). The effect of migration on the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer among Chinese. Cancer Res. 34: 1189.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burkitt, D. P. (1967). African lymphoma. Epidemiological evidence suggested a viral aetiology. In Racial and Geographic Factors in Tumor Incidence. Shiva, ed.. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burkitt, D. P. (1972). The trail of a virus-A review. In Oncogenesis and Herpesviruses ( P. M. Biggs, G. de-Thé. and L. N. Payne, eds.), p. 343. Agency for Research on Cancer. Lyon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burkitt, D. P. (1973). Carcinoma of the colon and rectum. In Modern Trends in Oncology. R. W. Raven, ed., Vol. 1, p. 227. Butterworth, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bussey, H. J.. Wallace. M. H., and Morson, B. C. (1967). Metachronous carcinoma of the large intestine and intestinal polyps. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 60: 208.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castro. B. C. and DiPaolo. J. A. (1973). Virus, chemicals and cancer. Prog. Med. Virol. 16: 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castro, B. C., Pieczynski, W. J., and Di Paolo, T. A. (1974). Enhancement of adenovirus transformation by treatment of hamster embryo cells with diverse chemical carcinogens. Cancer Res. 34: 72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayson, D. B. (1962). Chemical Carcinogenesis. Churchill, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cleaver, J. E. (1973). Xeroderma pigmentosum, DNA repair and carcinogenesis In Current Research in Oncology. C. B. Anfinsen, M. Potter, and A. N. Schechter, eds. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craddock, V. M. (1973). Induction of liver tumors in rats by a single treatment with nitroso compounds given after partial hepatectomy. Nature (London) 245: 386.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, M. A. (1971). Epidemiological interactions. In Mycotoxins in Human Health. I. F. H. Purchase, ed. p. 231. Macmillan, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Currie, G. A. (1973). Human cancer and immunology. In Modern Trends in Oncology. R. W. Raven, ed., Vol. 2. Butterworth, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Czygan, P., Greim H., Garro, A., Schaffer, F., and Popper, H. (1974). The effect of dietary protein deficiency on the ability of isolated hepatic microsomes to alter the mutagenicity of a primary and a secondary carcinogen. Cancer Res. 34: 119.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elespuru, R. K., and Lijinsky, W. (1973). The formation of carcinogenic nitroso compounds from nitrite and some types of agricultural chemicals. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 11: 807.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emmelot, P. (1971). Some aspects of the mechanism of liver carcinogenesis. In Liver Cancer, pp. 94–109. IARC Publications No. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enomoto, M., and Saito, M. (1972). Carcinogens produced by fungi. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 26: 279–311.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farber, E. (1968). Biochemistry of carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 28: 1859.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farber, E. (1970). Studies on the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Homologies in enzymes and metabolic pathways. In Cancer. W. J. Whelan and J. Schultz, eds. North Holland, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farber, E. (1973a). Chemical carcinogenesis in current research. In Oncology. C. B. Anfinsen, M. Potter, and A. N. Schechter, eds. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farber, E. (1973b). Carcinogenesis-Cellular evolution as a unifying thread Cancer Res. 33: 2537.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fong, Y. Y., and Chan, W. C. (1973). Dimethylnitrosamine in Chinese marine salt fish. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 11: 841.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foulds, L. (1969). Neoplastic Development. Academic Press, New York/London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankfurt, O. S., and Raitcheva, E. (1973). Fast onset of DNA synthesis stimulated by tumor promoter in mouse epidermis at the initiation stage of carcinogenesis. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 51: 1861.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garner, R. C. (1973). Microsome-dependent binding of Aflatoxin B, to DNA, RNA, polyribonucleotides and protein in vitro. Chem. Biol. Interact. 6: 125.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gatti, R. A., and Good, R. A. (1971). Occurrence of malignancy in immunodeficiency diseases. A literature review. Cancer 28: 89.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geethuysen, J., Rosen, E. V., Katz, J., Ipp, T., and Metz, J. (1971). Impaired cellular immunity in Kwashiorkor with improvement after therapy. Br. Med. J. 4:527. Gelboin, H. V. (1967). Carcinogens, enzyme induction and gene action. Adv. Cancer Res. 10: 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentry, G. A. (1974). Herpesviruses, mycoplasma and malignancy. Proc Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 15: 567.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goddard, P., and Hill, M. J. (1973). The dehydrogenation of the steroid nucleus by human-gut bacteria. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1: 1113.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grasso, P. (1970). Carcinogenicity testing and permitted lists. Chem. Brit. 6: 17.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grasso, P., and Crampton, R. F. (1972). The value of the mouse in carcinogenicity testing. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 10: 418.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grice, H. C., Moodie, C. A., and Smith, D. C. (1973). The carcinogenic potential of aflatoxin or its metabolites in rats from dams fed aflatoxin pre-and postpartum. Cancer Res. 33: 262.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grover, P. L., Hewer, A., and Sims, P. (1972). Formation of K-region epoxides as microsomal metabolites of pyrene and benzo (a) pyrene. Biochem. Pharmacol. 21: 2713.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haenszel, W., Berg, J. W., Segi, M., Kurishara, M., and Locke, F. B. (1973). Large-bowel cancer in Hawaiian Japanese. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 51: 1765.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harington, J. S., Nunn, J. R., and Irwig, L. (1973). Dimethylnitrosamine in the human vaginal vault. Nature (London) 241: 49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heidelberger, C. H. (1973). Chemical oncogenesis in culture. Adv. Cancer Res. 18: 317.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hennings, H., Michael, D., and Patterson, E. (1973). Enhancement of skin tumorigenesis by a single application of croton oil before or soon after initiation by urethan. Cancer Res. 33: 3130.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herbst, A. L., Ulfelder, H., and Poskanzer, D. C. (1971). Adenocarcinoma of the vagina: association of maternal stilbestrol therapy with tumour appearance in young women. N. Engl. J. Med. 284: 878.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herbst, A. L., Kurman, R. J., Scully, R. E., and Poskanzer, D. (1972). Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the genital tract in young females. N. Engl. J. Med. 287: 1259.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, M. J., Hawksworth, G., and Tattersall, G. (1973). Bacteria, nitrosamines and cancer of the stomach. Brit. J. Cancer 28: 562.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, J. H. C. (1972). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Adv. Cancer Res. 15: 57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard-Flanders, P. (1973). DNA repair and recombination. Br. Med. Bull. 29:226. Howarth, W. (1935). Precancerous epitheliomatosis (Bowen’s disease) of palate and fauces. J. Laryng. & Otol. 50: 28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hueper, W. G., and Conway, W. D. (1964). Chemical Carcinogenesis and Cancers. CC Thomas., Springfield, Ill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hueper, W. C. (1966). Recent Results in Cancer Research. Occupational and Environmental Cancers of the Respiratory System. Springer-Verlag, New York;

    Google Scholar 

  • Jose, D. G., and Good, R. A. (1973). Quantitative effects of nutritional protein and caloric deficiency upon immune responses to tumors in mice. Cancer Res. 33: 807.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannerstein, M. and Churg, J. (1972). Pathology of carcinoma of the lung associated with asbestos exposure. Cancer, 30 (1): 14–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kersey, J. H., Spector, B. D., and Good, R. A. (1973). Immunodeficiency and cancer. Adv. Cancer Res. 18: 211.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knudson, A. G. (1973). Mtitation and human cancer. Adv. Cancer Res. 17: 317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubinski, H., Strangstalein, M. A., Baird, W. M., and Boutwell, R. K. (1973). Interactions of phorbol esters with cellular membranes in vitro. Cancer Res. 33: 3103.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lancet E. (1973). Environmental nitrosamines. 2: 1243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanier, A. P., et al. (1973). Cancer and stilbestrol. A follow-up of 1,719 persons exposed to estrogens in utero and born 1943–1959. Mayo Clin. Proc. 48: 793.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawley, P. D. (1973). The interaction of reactive metabolites with components of mammalian cells. Biochem. Soc. Tran. (544th Meeting) 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ledinko, N., and Evans, M. (1973). Enhancement of adenovirus transformation of hamster cells by N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, caffeine and hydroxylamine. Cancer Res. 33: 2936.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lijinsky, W. (1974). Reaction of drugs with nitrous acid as a source of carcinogenic nitrosa-mines. Cancer Res. 34: 255.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loveless, A. (1969). Possible relevance of & 6 alkylation of deoxyguanosine to the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of nitrosamines and nitrosamides. Nature 223: 206.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, W. C., Brandborg, L. L., Taneguchi, L., and Rubin, C. E. (1963). Esophageal exfoliative cytology: A neglected procedure. Annu. Intern. Med. 59: 332.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magee, P. N. and Barnes, J. M. (1967). Carcinogenic nitroso compounds. Advances Cancer Res. 10: 163.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maynard, E. P., Sadikali, F., Anthony, P. P., and Barker, L. F. (1970). Hepatitis-associated antigen and cirrhosis in Uganda. Lancet 11: 1326.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLean, A. F. M. (1973). Diet and chemical environment as modifiers of carcinogenesis. In Host Eivironment Interactions in the Etiology of Cancer In Man. R. Doll and L. Vodupuja, eds. I.A.R.C. Scientific Publ. No. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. W. (1967). Persons at exceptionally high risk of leukemia. Cancer Res. 27:2420.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. A. (1970). Carcinogenesis by chemicals: An overview. Cancer Res. 30: 559.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. W. (1968). Relation between cancer and congenital defects: An epidemiologic evaluation. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 40: 1079.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. A., and Miller, E. C. (1976). The metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens-recent results with aromatic amines, safrole and aflatoxin B1. In Screening Tests in Chemical Carcinogenesis. R. Montesano, H. Bartsch, and Tomatis, eds. I.A.R.C. Publ. No. 12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mirvish, S. S., and Chu, C. (1973). Chemical detection of methylnitrosourea and ethylnitrosourea in stomach contents of rats after intubation of alkylureas plus sodium nitrite. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 50: 745.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, V., and Althoff, J. (1971). Carcinogenic activity of aliphatic nitrosamines via the mother’s milk in the offspring of Syrian golden hamsters. Proc Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 136: 1007.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montesano R., Bartsch, H., and Tomatis, L., eds. (1976). Screening Tests in Chemical Carcinogenesis. I.A.R.C. Publ. No. 12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montesano, R., Mohr, V., Magee, P. N., Hilfrich, J., and Haas, H. (1974). Additive effect in the induction of kidney tumours in rats treated with dimethylnitrosamine and ethylmethanesulphonate. Br. J. Cancer 29: 50.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrow, R. H. (1974). Introduction: Burkitt’s lymphoma in Africa. Cancer Res. 34: 1211.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulivor, R. A., Abanobi, S. E., and Sarma, D. S. R. (1974). Hepatic DNA damage induced by methyl methanesulfonate and dimethylnitrosamine in vivo and its repair. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 15: 337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, J. L., and Axtell, L. M. (1974). Impact of Cancer: Years of life lost due to cancer mortality. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 52: 3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Outzen, H. C., and Prehn, R. T. (1973). Alteration of cell-mediated immunity in the mouse following administration of 4-nitroquinoline-l-oxide. Cancer Res. 33: 408.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, P. J., Capps, M. J., and Craig, A. W. (1973). Comparative studies of the hepatocarcinogen N,N-dimethylnitrosamine in vivo. Reaction sites in rat liver DNA and the significance of the relative stabilities. Br. J. Cancer 27: 153.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peraino, C., Fry, R. J. M., and Staffeldt, E. (1971). Reduction and enhancement by phenobarbital of hepatocarcinogenesis induced in the rat by 2-acetylaminofluorene. Cancer Res. 31: 1506.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, A. R., Bertram, J. S., and Heidelberger, C. (1974). Cell cycle-dependent rejoining of single-strand breaks in transformable mouse fibroblasts treated with N-methyl-N’-nitroN-nitrosoguanidine. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 15: 59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poon, P. K., Parker, J. W., and O’Brien, R. L. (1974). Defect in DNA repair in Franconi’s anaemia. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Cancer Res. 15: 75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potter, V. R. (1964). Biochemical perspectives in cancer research. Cancer Res. 24: 1085.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pound, A. W. (1968). Carcinogenesis and cell proliferation. New Zealand Med. J. 67: 88.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pound, A. W., Lawson, T. A., and Horn, L. (1973). Increased carcinogenic action of dimethylnitrosamine after prior administration of carbon tetrachloride. Br. J. Cancer 27: 451–459.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raick, A. N. (1972). Studies on the mechanism of skin tumor promotion. The role of cell proliferation and epidermal hyperplasia. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 13: 39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raick, A. N. (1973). Ultrastructural, histological and biochemical alterations produced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate on mouse epidermis and their relevance to skin tumor promotion. Cancer Res. 33: 269.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raineri, R., Simsiman, R. C., and Boutwell, R. K. (1973). Stimulation of the phosphorylation of mouse epidermal histones by tumor-promoting agents. Cancer Res. 33: 134.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raven, R. W. (1967a). The stomach.-Experimental and clinical considerations. In The Prevention of Cancer. R. W. Raven and F. J. C. Roe eds., ch. 14, Butterworth, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raven, R. W. (1967b). The small intestine. In The Prevention of Cancer. R. W. Raven and F. J. C. Roe eds., ch. 18, Butterworth, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, J. (1972). Changes in the fibre content of the British diet. Nature (London) 238: 290.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roe, F. J. C. (1968). Carcinogenesis and sanity. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 6: 485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roe, F. J. C., Carter, R. L., Mitchley, C. V., Peto, R., and Hecker, E. (1972). On the persistance of tumour initiation and the acceleration of tumour progression on mouse skin tumorigenesis. Int. J. Cancer 9: 264.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, A. E., and Newberne, P. M. (1971). Diet and aflatoxin B, toxicity in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 20: 113.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, A. E., Sanchez, O., Feinsod, F. M., and Newberne, P. M. (1974). Dietary enhancement of nitrosamine carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 34: 96.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowley, J. D. (1974). Do human tumors show a chromosome pattern specific for each etiologic agent? J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 52: 315.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saffiotti, V., and Shubick, P. (1963). Studies on promoting action in skin carcinogenesis. Nat. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 10: 489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Setala, K. (1960). Progress in carcinogenesis, tumor-enhancing factors. A bio-assay of skin tumor formation. Prog Exp. Tumor Res. 1: 225.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shabad, L. M. (1973). Precancerous morphologic lesions. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 50:1421. Shank, R. C., Gordon, J. E., Wogan, G. N., Nondasyte, A., and Sunhamari, B. (1972). Dietary afiatoxins and human liver cancer. III. Field survey of rural Thai families for ingested aflatoxins. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 10: 71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimkin, M. B., and Triolo, V. A. (1%9). History of chemical carcinogenesis: Some prospective remarks. Prog. Exp. Tumor Res. 11: 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smithers, D. W. (1962). Cancer: An attack on cytologism. Lancet 1: 493.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stanton, M. F. (1974). Fiber carcinogenesis: Is asbestos the only hazard? J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 52: 633.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stich, H. F., Hammerberg, O., and Casto, B. (1972). The combined effect of chemical mutagen and virus on DNA repair, chromosome aberrations, and neoplastic transformation. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 5: 911.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svoboda, D., and Higginson, J. (1968). A comparison of ultrastructural changes in rat liver due to chemical carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 28: 1703.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teebor, G. W., Duker, N. J., Ruscan, S. A., and Zachary, K. J. (1973). Inhibition of thymine dimer excision by the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 50: 66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de-Thé, G., and Geser, A. (1974). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Recent studies and outlook for a viral etiology. Cancer Res. 34: 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomatis, L. (1973). Transplacental carcinogenesis. In Modern Trends in Oncology. R. W. Raven, ed., vol. 1, p. 99. Butterworth, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomatis, L., Partensky, P., and Montesano, R. (1973). The predictive value of mouse liver tumour induction in carcinogenicity testing-A literature survey. Int. J. Cancer 12: 1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomatis, L., and Mohr, V. eds. (1973). Transplacental Carcinogenesis. I.A.R.C. Publ. No. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turusov, V. S., ed. (1973). Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals, Vol. 1, Tumours of the Rat. I.A.R.C. Scientific Publ. No. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Duuren, B. L. (1969). Tumor-promoting agents in two stage carcinogenesis. Prog. Exp. Tumor Res. 11: 31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Rensburg, S. J., Van der Watt, J. J., Purchase, I. F. H., Coutinho, L. P., and Markham, R. (1974). Primary liver cancer rate and aflatoxin intake in a high cancer area. S. Afr. Med. J. 48: 2508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, C. L. Anthony, P. P. Mody, N., and Barker, L. F. (1970). Hepatitis-associated antigen in Ugandan patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 11: 621.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warwick G. P. (1976). Some illustrative systems of chemical carcinogenesis: (4) aflatoxin and some other naturally occurring carcinogens. In Scientific Foundations of Oncology. Warwick G. P, eds. (pp. 302–309 ). William Heinemann Medical Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warwick, G. P. (1973). Newer aspects of carcinogenesis. In Modern Trends in Oncology. R. W. Raven, ed. Vol. 1, p. 61. Butterworth, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warwick, G. P. (1971a). Metabolism of liver carcinogens and other factors influencing liver cancer induction. I.A.R.C. Publ. 1: 121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warwick, G. P. (1971b). The effect of the cell cycle on carcinogenesis. Fed. Proc. 30: 1760.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warwick, G. P., and Harington, J. S. (1973). Some aspects of the epidemiology and etiology of esophageal cancer with particular emphasis on the Transkei Cape Province. Adv. Cancer Res. 17: 81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waynforth, H. B., and Magee, P. N. (1974). Immunosuppressive activity of N-nitroso-Nmethylurea and dimethylnitrosamine. Brit. J. Cancer. 29: 92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, G. (1971). Biochemistry of Liver Cancer. I.A.R.C. Scientific Publ. 1, p. 69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinhouse, S. (1971). Isozymes in cancer. Cancer Res. 31: 1166.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weisburger, J. H., and Weisburger, E. K. (1973). Biochemical formation and pharmacological, toxicological and pathological properties of hydroxylamines and hydroxamic acids. Pharmacol. Rev. 25: 1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, G. M., Elliot, J. M., and Weisburger, J. H. (1973). Carcinoma after malignant conversion in vitro of epithelial-like cells from rat liver following exposure to chemical carcinogens. Cancer Res. 33: 606.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wogan, G. N. (1973). Aflatoxin Carcinogenesis. In Methods in Cancer Research. H. Busch, ed., Vol. 7, p. 309. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chester Beatty Research Institute, Institute of Cancer Research (Royal Cancer Hospital), Fulham Road, London, SW3, England

    G. P. Warwick

Authors
  1. G. P. Warwick
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, England

    Ronald W. Raven O.B.E., T.D. (Former Member of Council, Consulting Surgeon) (Former Member of Council, Consulting Surgeon)

  2. Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London, England

    Ronald W. Raven O.B.E., T.D. (Former Member of Council, Consulting Surgeon) (Former Member of Council, Consulting Surgeon)

  3. Westminster Hospital, London, England

    Ronald W. Raven O.B.E., T.D. (Former Member of Council, Consulting Surgeon) (Former Member of Council, Consulting Surgeon)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1977 Plenum Publishing Corporation

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Warwick, G.P. (1977). Carcinogens and Carcinogenesis. In: Raven, R.W. (eds) Principles of Surgical Oncology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2301-3_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2301-3_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2303-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2301-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation