Skip to main content

From Church to Laboratory to National Park: A Program of Research on Excess and Insufficient Populations in Behavior Settings

  • Chapter
Perspectives on Environment and Behavior

Abstract

In the national office of a liberal protestant church, a researcher looks up and down a row of yearbooks of the 112 dioceses of the church. He selects one, looks for the listing of a particular local church, and copies down the church’s average worship-service attendance, average church-school attendance, number of pastors, and number of church-school teachers.

This paper originally appeared in Wapner, Cohen, and Kaplan (1976).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Altman, I. Some perspectives on the study of man-environment phenomena. Representative Research in Social Psychology, 1973, 4 109–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bales, R. F. Interaction process analysis. Cambridge, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, R. G. Ecology and motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1960, 8, 1–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, R. G. On the nature of the environment. Journal of Social Issues, 1963, 19(4), 17–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, R. G. Explorations in ecological psychology. American Psychologist, 1965, 20, 1–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, R. G. Ecological psychology: Concepts and methods for studying the environment of human behavior. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, R. G., and Gump, P. V. Big school, small school: High school size and student behavior. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, R. G., and Schoggen, P. Qualities of community life. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, R. G., and Wright, H. F. Midwest and its children. New York: Harper & Row, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, L., Haythorn, W., Meirowitz, B., and Lanzetta, J. The relation of categorizations and ratings in the observation of group behavior. Human Relations, 1951, 4, 239–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cox, D. R., and Smith, W. L. Queues. New York: Wiley, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glass, D. C., and Singer, J. E. Urban stress: Experiments on noise and social stressors. New York: Academic Press, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goode, H. H., and Machol, R. E. System engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, L. Effects of overmanning on group experience and task performance. Unpublished master’s thesis, Claremont Graduate School, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, L., and Wicker, A. W. Effects of overmanning on group experience and task performance. Paper presented at the meeting of the Western Psychological Association, Anaheim, Calif., April, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heider, F. The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley, 1958.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Helson, H. Adaptation-level theory. New York: Harper & Row, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, R. L., and French, J. R. P., Jr. Status and conflict: Two themes in the study of stress. In J. E. McGrath (Ed.), Social and psychological factors in stress. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirmeyer, S. The effects of manning condition on group interaction. Unpublished master’s thesis, Claremont Graduate School, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, C. Checking out the faces on the supermarket assembly line. San Francisco Examiner & Chronicle, December 30, 1973, Sunday Punch, p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGrath, J. E. A conceptual formulation for research on stress. In J. E. McGrath (Ed.), Social and psychological factors in stress. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGrath, J. E. Stress and behavior in organizations. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Chicago: Rand-McNally, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meier, R. L. A communications theory of urban growth. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mennerick, L. A. Client typologies. Sociology of Work and Occupations,1974, 1, 396–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milgram, S. The experience of living in cities. Science, 1970, 167 1461–1468.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. G. The nature of living systems. Behavioral Science, 1971, 16, 277–301.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. G. Living systems: The organization. Behavioral Science, 1972, 17, 1–182.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panico, J. A. Queuing theory: A study of waiting lines for business, economics, and science. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petty, R. M., and Wicker, A. W. Degree of manning and degree of success of a group as determinants of members’ subjective experiences and their acceptance of a new group member. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology,1974, 4 43. (Ms. No. 616)

    Google Scholar 

  • Saaty, T. L. Elements of queueing theory. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, I. D. Group process and productivity. New York: Academic Press, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stokols, D. A social-psychological model of human crowding phenomena. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1972, 38 72–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stokols, D. The experience of crowding in primary and secondary environments. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, New Orleans, August, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wapner, S., Cohen, S. B., and Kaplan, B. (Eds.), Experiencing the environment. New York: Plenum, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weick, K. E. The “Ess” in stress: Some conceptual and methodological problems. In J. E. McGrath (Ed.), Social and psychological factors in stress. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wicker, A. W. An examination of the “other variables” explanation of attitude-behavior nconsistency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1971, 19, 18–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wicker, A. W. Processes which mediate behavior-environment congruence. Behavioral Science, 1972, 17, 265–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wicker, A. W. Undermanning theory and research: Implications for the study of psychological and behavioral effects of excess populations. Representative Research in Social Psychology, 1973, 4, 185–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wicker, A. W. An application of the multitrait-multimethod logic to the reliability of observational records. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,1975, 4 575–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wicker, A. W., McGrath, J. E., and Armstrong, G. E. Organization size and behavior setting apacity as determinants of member participation. Behavioral Science, 1972,17, 499–513.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, R. Ecology and motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1960, 8, 1–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, R. Ecological Psychology: Concepts and methods for studying the environment of human behavior. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGrath, J. E. A conceptual formulation for research on stress. In J. E. McGrath (Ed.), Social and psychological factors in stress. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wicker, A. Undermanning theory and research: Implications for the study of psychological and behavioral effects of excess populations. Representative Research in Social Psychology,1973, 4, 185–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wicker, A., McGrath, J. E., and Armstrong, G. Organization size and behavior setting capacity as determinants of member participation. Behavioral Science, 1972, 17, 499–513.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1977 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wicker, A.W., Kirmeyer, S. (1977). From Church to Laboratory to National Park: A Program of Research on Excess and Insufficient Populations in Behavior Settings. In: Stokols, D. (eds) Perspectives on Environment and Behavior. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2277-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2277-1_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2279-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2277-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics