Abstract
As has been stated elsewhere in this volume, the major motive behind the extensive investigations of low density lipoproteins (LDL) has been that the findings might lend themselves to treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis in human patients. For obvious reasons, much experimentation on lipoprotein systems has taken place in mammals other than man. Subsequently, many of these studies have been thought to have questionable validity when applied to the human situation. Accordingly, if it is unacceptable to blindly extrapolate data obtained from lower mammals to Homo sapiens, it would appear almost unthinkable to thus extrapolate from fish, amphibia, reptiles, or birds.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
C. Alexander and C. E. Day. 1973. Distribution of serum lipoproteins of selected vertebrates. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 46B:295–312.
T. Forte and A. V. Nichols. 1972. Application of electron microscopy to the study of plasma lipoprotein structure. Adv. Lipid Res. 10:1–41.
L. Mateu, A. Tardieu, V. Lazzati, L. Aggerbeck, and A. M. Scanu. 1972. On the structure of human serum low density lipoprotein. J. Mol. Biol. 70:105–116.
D. Siedel, B. Agostini, and P. Muller. 1972. Structure of an abnormal plasma lipoprotein (LP-X) characterizing obstructive jaundice. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 260:146–152.
P. Alaupovic and D. Seidel. 1974. Workshop: Plasma Lipoproteins. In: Atherosclerosis III. Ed. by G. Schettler and A. Weizel. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 629–640.
D. Steinberg. 1974. Lipoprotein catabolism. In: Atherosclerosis III. Ed. by G. Schettler and A. Weizel. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 658–671.
F. W. R. Brambell, W. Hemmings, C. L. Oakley, and F. R. S. and R. R. Porter. 1960. The relative transmission of the fractions of papain hydrolyzed homologous γ-globulin from the uterine cavity to the foetal circulation in the rabbit. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser B. 151:478–482.
O. A. Schjeide, F. Galey, E. A. Grellert, R. I-San Lin, J. de Vellis, and J. F. Mead. 1970. Macromolecules in oocyte maturation. Biol. Reprod. Suppl. 2:14–43.
O. Stein, D. Rachmilewitz, S. Eisenberg, L. Sanger-Gabay, and Y. Stein. 1974. Uptake and autoradiographic localization of very low density lipoproteins in rat liver. In: Atherosclerosis III. Ed. by G. Schettler and A. Weizel. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 396–397.
E. L. Bierman, O. Stein, and Y. Stein. 1974. Lipoprotein uptake by rat aortic smooth muscle cells in tissue culture. In: Atherosclerosis III. Ed. by G Schettler and A. Weizel. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 935.
G. L. Mills and C. E. Taylaur. 1971. The distribution and composition of serum lipoproteins in eighteen animals. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 40B:489–501.
A. Noyan, W. J. Lossow, N. Brot, and I. L. Chaikoff. 1964. Pathway and form of absorption of palmitic acid in the chicken. J. Lipid Res. 5:538–541.
A. Bensadoun and A. Rothfeld. 1972. The form of absorption of lipids in the chicken, Gallus domesticus. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 141:814–817.
O. A. Schjeide and G. G. B. Lai. 1970. Estrogen-directed redifferentiation of the avian liver. In: Cell Differentiation. Ed. by O. A. Schjeide and J. de Vellis. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York, pp. 447–475.
O. A. Schjeide. 1963. Lipoproteins of the fowl—serum, egg and intracellular. In: Progress in the Chemistry of Fats and Other Lipids. Ed. by R. T. Holman, W. O. Lundberg and T. Malkin. Pergamon Press, London, pp. 251–289.
R. F. Lee and D. L. Puppione. 1972. Serum lipoproteins of the Pacific sardine (Sardinops caerulea Girard). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 270:272–278.
M. R. Urist and O. A. Schjeide. 1961. The partition of calcium and protein in the blood of oviparous vertebrates during estrus. J. Gen. Physiol. 44:743–756.
J. L. Kelly and P. Alaupovic. 1975. Lipid transport system in the avian species. 1. Isolation and characterization of apolipoproteins and major lipoprotein density classes of male turkey serum. Atherosclerosis 24:155–175.
J. L. Kelly and P. Alaupovic. Unpublished data.
O. A. Schjeide, G. Reiffer, J. L. Kelly, and P. Alaupovic. Unpublished data.
O. A. Schjeide, M. Wilkens, R. G. McCandless, R. Munn, M. Peterson, and E. Carlsen. 1963. Liver synthesis, plasma transport and structural alterations accompanying passage of yolk proteins. Am. Zool. 3:167–184.
O. A. Schjeide, P. Koch, and P. Schmidt. Preliminary isolation and characterization of macromolecules of the egg yolk and hemolymph of Carausius morosus (in preparation).
S. J. Holshauser, O. A. Schjeide, and W. E. Briles. 1975. Effects of X-irradiation on estrogen-induced synthetic processes of the avian liver. Radiation Res. 62:52–61.
J. de Vellis and O. A. Schjeide. 1967. Effect of estrogens, irradiation and actinomycin D on enzymes concerned with lipid metabolism. Prog. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2:276–282.
O. A. Schjeide. 1967. Effects of estrogens on lipid metabolism in the chicken. Prog. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2:265–275.
J. W. Miller. 1970. Effects of testosterone and L-thyroxine on estrogen-induced synthetic processes of the avian liver. MS thesis, Northern Illinois University.
C. F. Simpson and J. T. M. Neilson. 1973. Aortic atherosclerosis of turkeys induced by a single treatment with diethyllstilbestrol. Atherosclerosis 17:245–421.
O. A. Schjeide, T. Nicholls, and R. Prince. 1974. Correlation of changes occurring in livers and serums of developing turkey embryos. Cytobiologie 9:407–421.
O. A. Schjeide. 1956. Studies of the New Hampshire chicken embryo. VII. Ultracentrifuge patterns of the plasma lipoproteins. Growth 20:195–212.
W. E. Hahn and R. Church. 1970. Transcriptional patterns during differentiation. In: Cell Differentiation. Ed. by O. A. Schjeide and J. deVellis. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York, pp. 119–140.
O. A. Schjeide. 1970. Organelle synthesis and assembly. In: Cell Differentiation. Ed. by O. A. Schjeide and J. deVellis. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York, pp. 375–425.
Y. Stein and O. Stein. 1974. Lipoprotein synthesis, intracellular transport and secretion in liver. In: Atherosclerosis III. Ed. by G. Schettler and A. Weizel. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 652–657.
O. A. Schjeide, L. Kancheva, and H. Budrow. 1976 (in preparation).
E. W. Bergink, R. A. Wallace, J. A. VandeBerg, E. S. Bos, M. Gruber, and G. Ab. 1974. Estrogen-induced synthesis of yolk proteins in roosters. Am. loot. 14:1177–1193.
Jones, P. E. Briles, and O. A. Schjeide. 1975. A mutation restricting ovulation in chickens. Poultry Science 54:1780.
O. A. Schjeide, E. Briles, S. Holshauser, and D. Jones. 1976. Effect of “restricted ovulator” gene on uptake of yolk-precursor protein. Cell Tiss. Res. 166:109–116.
J. Jordanov and A. Boyadjiera-Michailova. 1974. Ultrastructural aspects of lipoprotein passage through oocyte envelopes and storage in ooplasm during avian vitellopoiesis. Acta Anat. 89:616–632.
H. Hesseldah. 1969. Ultrastructure of rabbit ovum. Biol. Reprod. Abstr. 1:12.
O. A. Schjeide and L. Liau. Unpublished data.
K. L. Wong and K. W. Chiu. 1974. The snake thyroid gland. I. Seasonal variation of thyroidal and serum iodoamino acids. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 23:63–70.
W. L. Reichert and D. C. Malins. 1974. Interaction of mercurials with salmon serum lipoproteins. Nature 247:569–570.
M. R. Urist, O. A. Schjeide, and F. C. McLean. 1958. The partition and binding of calcium in the serum of the laying hen and of the estrogenized rooster. Endocrinology 63:570–585.
K. Fischer-Dzoga. 1974. Response of aortic medial cells to hyperlipemic serum in vitro. In: Atherosclerosis III. Ed. by G. Schettler and A. Weizel. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 172–174.
O. A. Schjeide and J. deVellis. 1970. Introduction. In: Cell Differentiation. Ed. by O. A. Schjeide and J. de Vellis. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York, pp. 2–14.
C. E. Day, B. Barker, and W. W. Stafford. 1974. Composition of very low density lipoproteins from cholesterol fed animals. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 49B:501–505.
D. A. Gornall, T. J. Delahunty, and A. Kuksis. 1971. Immunochemical relationships among plasma and egg-yolk lipoproteins of the laying hen. Biochem. J. 125:97–98.
O. A. Schjeide. Unpublished data.
A. L. Romanoff and A. J. Romanoff. 1949. The Avian Egg. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 126ff.
J. F. Mead. 1963. Lipid metabolism. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 32:241–268.
R. W. Bide. 1972. Changes in fowl plasma α-lipoproteins caused by starvation. Pouk. Sci. 51:305–309.
N. Snapir, H. Ravona, and M. Perek. 1973. Effect of electrolytic lesions in various regions of the basal hypothalamus in White Leghorn cockerels upon food intake, obesity, blood plasma triglycerides and proteins. Poult. Sci. 52:629–636.
W. H. Goldwater and C. Entenman. 1956. Effect of X-irradiation on lipid metabolism. III. Dog serum lipoproteins. Radiation Res. 4:243–256.
O. A. Schjeide, N. Ragan, and S. Simons. 1958. The effect of X-irradiation on plasma lipoprotein patterns in the embryo. Radiation Res. 9:327–340.
O. A. Schjeide, N. Ragan, R. G. McCandless, and F. C. Bishop. 1960. Effect of X-irradiation on cellular inclusions in chicken embryo livers. Radiation Res. 13:205–213.
O. A. Schjeide and J. deVellis. 1969. Mechanisms of radiation damage. In: Radiation Biology of the Fetal and Juvenile Mammal. Ed. by M. R. Sikov and D. D. Mahlum. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D. C, pp. 919–942.
E. Alumot. 1971. The mechanisms of ethylene dibromide action on laying hens. Residue Rev. 41:1–11.
H. Fisher, K. G. Hollands, and H. S. Weiss. 1962. Environmental temperature and composition of body fat. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 110:832–837.
D. J. Kudzma, P. M. Hegstad, and R. E. Stoll. 1973. The chick as a laboratory model for the study of estrogen-induced hyperlipidemia. Metabolism 22:423–434.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1976 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schjeide, O.A. (1976). Low Density Lipoproteins of Nonmammalian Vertebrates. In: Day, C.E., Levy, R.S. (eds) Low Density Lipoproteins. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2250-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2250-4_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2252-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2250-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive