Abstract
The phenomenon of “chemical transfer of learned information” was investigated in rodents and goldfish, using a variety of behavioral and biochemical approaches. Operant and classical conditioning, and positive and negative reinforcement were all found to give transfer effects. In discriminative situations indication for behavioral specificity of the effect was found. Brain homogenates, crude supernatants, and partly purified RNA extracts were equally effective. The site of injection was unimportant except for influencing the necessary amounts of brain material. This would seem to indicate that transfer effects are statistically reliable, occur commonly in many different types of learning, and are specific to the type of training applied to donors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature
Agranoff, B. W.: Agents that block memory. In: The Neurosciences, a Study Program (G. C. Quarton, T. Melnechuk and F. O. Schmitt, eds.), pp. 756–764, Rockefeller University Press, New York (1967).
Babich, F. R., A. L. Jacobson, S. Bubash, and A. Jacobson: Transfer of a response to naive rats by injection of ribonucleic acid extracted from trained rats. Science 149, 656–657 (1965).
Bateson, P. P. G., G. Horn, and S. P. R. Rose: Effects of early experience on regional incorporation of precursors into RNA and protein in the chick brain. Brain Res. 39, 449–465 (1972).
Braud, W. G.: Extinction in goldfish: facilitation by intracranial injection of RNA from brains of extinguished donors. Science 168, 1234–1236 (1970).
Bryant, R. C.: Transfer of light-avoidance tendency in groups of goldfish by intracranial injection of brain extract. J. Biol. Psychol. 13, 18–24 (1971).
Domagk, G. F., and H. P. Zippel: Chemical transfer of learned information in goldfish. In: Chemical Transfer of Learned Information (E. J. Fjerdingstad, ed.), pp. 183–198, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1971).
Dyal, J. A.: Transfer of behavioral bias: reality and specificity. In: Chemical Transfer of Learned Information (E. J. Fjerdingstad, ed.), pp. 219–263, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1971).
Fjerdingstad, E. J.: Chemical transfer of alternation training in the Skinner box. Scand J. Psychol. 10, 220–224 (1969a).
Fjerdingstad, E. J.: Chemical transfer of learned preference. Nature 222, 1079–1080 (1969b).
Fjerdingstad, E. J.: Memory transfer in goldfish. J. Biol. Psychol. 11, 20–25 (1970).
Fjerdingstad, E. J.: Chemical transfer of positively reinforced training schedules: evidence that the effect is due to learning in donors. In: Chemical Transfer of Learned Information (E. J. Fjerdingstad, ed.). pp. 65–84, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1971).
Fjerdingstad, E. J., T. Nissen, and H. H. Roigaard-Petersen: Effect of ribonucleid acid (RNA) extracted from the brain of trained animals on learning in rats. Scand. J. Psychol. 6, 1–6 (1965).
Fjerdingstad, E. J., W. L. Byrne, T. Nissen, and H. H. Roigaard-Petersen: A comparison of transfer results obtained with two different types of extraction and injection procedures, using identical behavioral techniques. In: Molecular Approaches to Learning and Memory (W. L. Byrne, ed.), pp. 151–170, Academic Press, New York (1970).
Fuller, J. L., and F. H. Sjursen: Audiogenic seizures in eleven mouse strains. J. Hered. 58, 135–140 (1967).
Golub, A. M., and J. V. Mcconnell: Empirical issues in inter-animal transfer of information. In: Chemical Transfer of Learned Information (E. J. Fjerdingstad, ed.), pp. 1–29, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1971).
Henry, K. R.: Audiogenic seizure susceptibility induced in C57BL/6J mice by prior auditory exposure. Science 158, 938–940 (1967).
Hyden, H.: Biochemical changes accompanying learning. In: The Neurosciences, a Study Programm (G. C. Quarton, T. Melnechuk and F. O. Schmitt, eds.), pp. 765–771, Rockefeller University Press, New York (1967).
Mcconnell, J. V.: Memory transfer trough cannibalism in planarians. J. Neuropsychiat. 3 (suppl. 1), 42–48 (1962).
Moos, W. S., H. Levan, B. T. Mason, H. C. Mason, and D. L. Hebron: Radiation induced avoidance transfer by brain extracts of mice. Experiential, 25, 1215–1219 (1969).
Reinis, S.: The formation of conditioned reflexes in rats after the parenteral administration of brain homogenate. Activ. Nerv. Sup. 7, 167–168 (1965).
Reinis, S.: A derepressor hypothesis of memory transfer. In: Chemical Transfer of Learned Information (E. J. Fjerdingstad, ed.), pp. 109–142, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1971).
Rosenblatt, F.: Induction of specific hehavior by mammalian brain extracts. In: Molecular Mechanisms in Memory and Learning (G. Ungar, ed.), pp. 103–147, Plenum Press, New York (1970).
Roigaard-Petersen, H. H., E. J. Fjerdingstad, and T. Nissen: Effect of ribonucleic acid (RNA) extracted from the brain of trained animals on learning in rats. III. Results obtained with an improved procedure. Scand. J. Psychol. 9, 1–16 (1968).
Shashoua, V. E.: The relation of RNA metabolism in the brain to learning in the goldfish. In: The Central Nervous System and Fish Behavior (D. Ingle, ed.), pp. 203–213, University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1968).
Ungar, G.: Bioassays for the chemical correlates of acuired information. In: Chemical Transfer of Learned Information (E. J. Fjerdingstad, ed.), pp. 31–49, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1971).
Ungar, G., and E. J. Fjerdingstad: RNA-bound peptides in chemical transfer of learned behavior. Mol. Neurobiol. Bull. 2, 9 (1969).
Ungar, G., and C. Oceguera-Navarro: Transfer of habituation by material extracted from brain. Nautre 207, 301–302 (1965).
Weiss, K. P.: Information specificity in memory transfer. In: Chemical Transfer of Learned Information. (E. J. Fjerdingstad, ed.), pp. 85–95, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1971).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1973 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fjerdingstad, E.J. (1973). Chemical Transfer of Learned Information in Mammals and Fish. In: Zippel, H.P. (eds) Memory and Transfer of Information. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2052-4_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2052-4_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2054-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2052-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive