Abstract
At the outset, we recognize an obvious difference between the human visual process and the equivalent electronic camera tube. In the retina, all of the elements transmit their optical information simultaneously to the brain. In the camera tube, the elements are scanned serially at a rate sufficiently high that they appear to the eye to be simultaneous. The camera tube could, in principle, be designed to have all of its picture elements transmit their information simultaneously to the receiver. The resulting system would be cumbersome compared with the conventional scanning systems. There is, however, no fundamental difference in sensitivity to be expected between a simultaneous and a properly designed sequentially scanned system. The scanning process only imposes its own set of technical problems without fundamentally limiting the performance of the system.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
P.H. Boerse, “Electron Bombardment Induced Conductivity in Lead Monoxide,” in Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics, Vol. 22A, pp. 305–314 (1966), Academic Press, New York.
W.S. Boyle and G.E. Smith, Charge-coupled semiconductor devices, Bell System Tech. J. 49, 587–593 (1970).
J.E. Carnes and W.F. Kosonocky, Noise sources in charge-coupled devices, RCA Rev,33 327–343 (1972). [See also M.F. Tompsett, The quantitative effects of interface states on the performance of charge coupled devices, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices ED-20 45–55 (1973).]
M.H. Crowell, T.M. Buck, E.F. Labuda, J.V. Dalton, and E.J. Walsh, A camera tube with a silicon diode array target, Bell System Tech. J. 46, 491–495 (1967).
P.T. Farnsworth, Television by electron-image scanning, J. Franklin Inst. 218, 411–444 (1934).
S.V. Forque, R.R. Goodwich, and A.D. Cope, Properties of some photoconductors, principally antimony trisulphide, RCA Rev. 13, 335–349 (1951).
G.W. Goetz and A.H. Boerio, Secondary electron conduction (SEC) for signal amplification and storage in camera tubes, Proc. IEEE 52, 1007–1012 (1964).
L. Heijne, Photoconductive properties of lead-oxide layers, Philips Res. Repts. Suppl. 4, 1–161 (1961).
H.A. Iams, G.A. Morton, and V.K. Zworykin, The image iconoscope, Proc. IRE 27, 541–547 (1939).
G.A.Morton and J.E. Ruedy, “The Low-Light-Level Performance of the Intensifier Orthicon,” in Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics, Vol. 12, pp. 183–193 (1960), Academic Press, New York.
L. Pensak, Conductivity induced by electron bombardment in thin insulating films, Phys. Rev. 75, 472–478 (1949).
L. Pensak, Electron-bombardment-induced conductivity in selenium, Phys. Rev. 78, 171 (1950).
R.L. Rogers, III, G.S. Briggs, W.N. Henry, P.W. Kaseman, R.E. Simon, and R.L. Van Asselt, Silicon-intensifier target camera tube, Int. Coni. on Solid-State Circuits,February 18–20, 1970, Univ. of Pennsylvania.
A. Rose, Photoconductivity in insulators, RCA Rev. 13, 303–305 (1951).
A. Rose and H.A. Lams, The orthicon, a television pickup tube, RCA Rev. 4, 186–199 (1939).
A. Rose, P.K. Weimer, and H.B. Law, The image orthicon—A sensitive television pick-up tube, Proc. IRE 34, 424–432 (1946).
F.L. J. Sangster and K. Teer, Bucket-brigade electronics—New possibilities for delay, time-axis conversion, and scanning, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits SC-4, 131–136 (1969).
K. Shimizu and Y. Kiuchi, Characteristics of the new vidicon-type camera tube using CdSe as a target material, Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 6, 1089–1095 (1967).
S-3. R.E. Simon, private communication (1966).
P.K. Weimer, The image isocon—An experimental television pickup tube based on the scattering of low-velocity electrons, RCA Rev. 10, 366–386 (1949).
P.K. Weimer, Photoconductivity in amorphous selenium, Phys. Rev. 79, 171 (1950).
P.K. Weimer and A.D. Cope, Photoconductivity in amorphous selenium, RCA Rev. 12, 314–334 (1951).
P.K. Weimer, S.V. Forque, and R.R. Goodrich, The vidicon—photoconductive camera tube, Electronics, May (1950).
P.K. Weimer, W.S. Pike, G. Sadasiv, F.V. Shallcross, and L. Meray-Horvath, Multi-element self-scanned mosaic sensors, IEEE Spectrum 6, 52–65 (1969).
V.K. Zworykin, The iconoscope, Proc. IRE. 22, 16–32 (1934).
General
L.N. Biberman and S. Nudelman, Photoelectronic Imaging Devices, Vols. 1 and 2 (1971), Plenum Press, New York.
R. Clark Jones, “Quantum Efficiency of Detectors for Visible and Infrared Radiation,” in Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics, Vol. 11, pp. 87–183 (1959), Academic Press, New York.
A. Rose, “Television Pickup Tubes and The Problem of Vision,” in Advances in Electronics, Vol. I, pp. 131–166 (1948), Academic Press, New York.
O. H. Schade, The resolving-power functions and quantum processes of television camera tubes, RCA Rev. 28, 460–535 (1967).
H.V. Soule, Electrooptical Photography at Low Illumination Levels (1968), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
P.K. Weimer, “Television Camera Tubes: A Research Review,” in Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics, Vol. 13, pp. 387–437 (1960), Academic Press, New York.
V.K. Zworykin and G.A. Morton, Television (1954), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1973 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rose, A. (1973). Television Camera Tubes. In: Vision. Optical Physics and Engineering. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2037-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2037-1_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2039-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-2037-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive