Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review NASA-Lewis combustor research aimed at reducing exhaust emissions from jet aircraft engines. Experimental results of tests performed on both conventional and experimental combustors over a range of inlet total pressure, inlet total temperature, reference velocity, and fuel-air ratio are presented to demonstrate the effect of operating variables on pollutant emissions. Combustor design techniques to reduce emissions are discussed. Improving fuel atomization by using an air-assist fuel nozzle has been shown to significantly reduce hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions during idle. A short-length annular swirl-can combustor has demonstrated a significant reduction in nitric oxide (NO) emissions compared to a conventional combustor operating at similar conditions. The use of diffuser wall bleed to provide variable control of combustor airflow distribution may enable the achievement of reduced emissions without compromising combustor performance.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bristol, C. W. Jr., “Gas Turbine Engine Emission Characteristics and Future Outlook.” Proceedings of the SAE-DOT Conference on Aircraft and the Environment. Part 1. SAE, 1971, pp. 84–92.
Sawyer, R. F., “Fundamental Processes Controlling the Air Pollution Emissions from Turbojet Engines.” Paper 69–1040, AIAA, Oct. 1969.
Anon., “Smoke Emission Control.” ESSO Air World, vol. 23, no. 1, 1970.
Grobman, Jack; Jones, Robert E.; Marek, Cecil J.; and Niedzwiecki, Richard W., “Combustion.” Aircraft Propulsion. NASA SP-259, 1971, pp. 97–134.
Grobman, Jack and Papathakos, Leonidas C., “Smoke Evaluation of a Modified J-57 Combustor.” NASA TM X-2236, 1971.
Briehl, Daniel and Papathakos, Leonidas, “Use of an Air-Assist Fuel Nozzle to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from a Gas-Turbine Combustor at Simulated Idle Conditions.” NASA TN D-6404, 1971.
Briehl, Daniel; Papathakos, Leonidas; and Strancar, Richard, “Comparison of Exhaust Emission Measurements from a Gas Turbine Combustor at Varying Operating Conditions.” Proposed NASA Technical Note.
Niedzwiecki, Richard W.; Juhasz, Albert J.; and Anderson, David N., “Performance of a Swirl-Can Primary Combustor to Outlet Temperatures of 3600°F (2256 K).” NASA TM X-52902, 1970.
Niedzwiecki, Richard W.; Trout, Arthur M.; and Gustke, Eric T., “Exhaust Emissions of a Swirl-Can Primary Combustor.” Proposed NASA Technical Memorandum.
Norgren, Carl T., “Determination of Primary Zone Smoke Concentrations from Spectral Radiance Measurements in Gas Turbine Combustors.” NASA TN D-6410, 1971.
Ingebo, Robert; Doskocil, Albert; and Norgren, Carl T., “High Pressure Performance of Combustor Segments Utilizing Pressure-Atomizing Fuel Nozzles and Air Swirlers for Primary-Zone Mixing.” Proposed NASA TN.
Juhasz, Albert; and Holdeman, James, “Preliminary Investigation of Diffuser Wall Bleed to Control Combustor Inlet Airflow Distribution.” NASA TN D-6435, 1971.
Butze, Helmut F. and Grobman, Jack, “Progress in Reducing Exhaust Pollutants from Jet Aircraft.” Presented at NASA Aircraft Safety and Operating Problems Conference, Langley Research Center, May 4–6, 1971.
Saltzman, Bernard E., “Colorimetric Microdetermination of Nitrogen Dioxide in the Atmosphere.” Anal. Chem., vol. 26, no. 12, Dec. 1954, pp. 1949–1955.
Anon., “Aircraft Gas Turbine Exhaust Smoke Measurement.” Aerospace Recommended Practice 1179, SAE, May 1970.
LeRoy, Milton J. Jr., “Evaluation of a Fluidic Oscillator as a Molecular-Weight Sensor for Gas Mixtures.” NASA TM X-1698, 1968.
LeRoy, Milton J., Jr., and Gorland, Sol H., “Sensing Molecular Weights of Gases with a Fluidic Oscillator.” NASA TM X-1939, 1970.
Childs, J. Howard; Reynolds, Thaine W.; and Graves, Charles C., “Relation of Turbojet and Ramjet Combustion Efficiency to Second-Order Reaction Kinetics and Fundamental Flame Speed.” NACA Rep. 1334, 1957.
Cornelius, Walter and Wade, Wallace R., “The Formation and Control of Nitric Oxide in a Regenerative Gas Turbine Burner.” Paper 700708, SAE, Sept. 1970.
Champagne, D. L., “Standard Measurement of Aircraft Turbine Engine Exhaust Smoke.” Paper 71-GT-88, ASME, Mar. 1971.
Durrant, T., “The Control of Atmospheric Pollution from Gas Turbine Engines.” Rolls-Royce J., no. 2, 1968, pp. 12–18.
Bahr, D. W.; Smith, J. R.; and Kenworthy, M. J., “Development of Low Smoke Emission Combustors for Large Aircraft Turbine Engines.” Paper 69–493, AIAA, June 1969.
Durrant, T., “The Reduction of Smoke from Gas Turbine Engines.” Aircraft Eng., vol. 41, no. 7, July 1969, pp. 28–31.
Faitani, J. J., “Smoke Reduction in Jet Engines Through Burner Design.” Esso Air World, vol. 21, Sept.–Oct. 1968, pp. 34–41.
Gleason, J. G. and Faitani, J. J., “Smoke Abatement in Gas Turbine Engines Through Combustor Design.” Paper 670200, SAE, Feb. 1967.
Toone, B., “A Review of Aero Engine Smoke Emission. Combustion in Advanced Gas Turbine Systems.” I. E. Smith, ed., Pergamon Press, 1968, pp. 271–296.
Taylor, W. G.; Davis, F. F., Jr.; Decorso, S. M.; Hussey, C. E.;and Ambrose, M. J., “Reducing Smoke from Gas Turbines.” Mech. Eng., vol. 90, no. 7, July 1968, pp. 29–35.
Linden, Lawrence H. and Heywood, John B., “Smoke Emissions from Jet Engines.” Rep. 70–12, Massachusetts Inst. Tech., Oct. 1970.
Bagnetto, Lucien, “Smoke Abatement in Gas Turbines.” Part II: Effects of Fuels, Additives, and Operating Conditions on Smoke Emissions and Flame Radiation. Rep. 5127–68, pt. 2, Phillips Petroleum Co., Sept. 1968. (Available from DDC as AD-842818.)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1972 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Grobman, J.S. (1972). Effect of Operating Variables on Pollutant Emissions from Aircraft Turbine Engine Combustors. In: Cornelius, W., Agnew, W.G. (eds) Emissions from Continuous Combustion Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1998-6_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1998-6_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-2000-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-1998-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive