Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Biochemical Aspects of Nervous Diseases pp 151–212Cite as

Brain Amine Metabolism in Some Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

  • Chapter

Abstract

The principal amines which will be considered here in relation to neurological and psychiatric disease are the catecholamines, dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA), and the indolealkylamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or serotonin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Abbreviations

A:

adrenaline

COMT:

catechol-0-methyl transferase

CSF:

cerebrospinal fluid

DA:

3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine)

Dopa:

3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

5HIAA:

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

5HT:

5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)

5HTP:

5-hydroxytryptophan

HVA:

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid)

MAO:

monoamine oxidase

MAOI:

monoamine oxidase inhibitor

MHPG:

3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol

NA:

noradrenaline

VMA:

3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (vanillomandelic acid)

References

  1. J. J. Abel, Hoppe-Seyler’s Z. physiol. Chem., 29, 318 (1899)

    Google Scholar 

  2. M. Lewandowsky, Archs. Anat. Physiol., Lpz (Physiol. Abt.), 360 (1899)

    Google Scholar 

  3. U. S. Von Euler, Acta physiol. scand., 16, 63 (1948)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Vogt, J. Physiol., 123, 451 (1954)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. H. Blaschko, J. Physiol., 96, 50P (1939)

    Google Scholar 

  6. A. Bertler, Acta physiol. scand., 51, 97 (1961)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. J. H. Gaddum, J. Physiol., 121, 15P (1953)

    Google Scholar 

  8. A. H. Amin, T. B. B. Crawford and J. H. Gaddum, J. Physiol., 126, 596 (1954)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. K. Fuxe, T. Hökfelt and U. Ungerstedt, In Metabolism of Amines in the Brain ( G. Hooper, ed.), p. 10. Macmillan, London (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  10. G. W. Arbuthnot, T. J. Crow, K. Fuxe, L. Olson and U. Ungerstedt, Brain Res., 24, 471 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. G. K. Aghajanian, J. A. Rosecrans and M. H. Sheard, Science, 156, 402 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. P. B. Bradley, Int. Rev. Neurobiol., 11, 2 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. D. Connor, Science, 160, 899 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. E. A. Zeller, J. Barsky, J. R. Fouts, W. F. Kirchheimer and L. S. Van Ordern, Experientia, 8, 349 (1952)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. B. B. Brodie, J. S. Olin, R. G. Kuntzman and P. A. Shore, Science, 125, 1293 (1957)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Holzbauer and M. Vogt, J. Neurochem., 1, 8 (1956)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. I. J. Kopin, In Brain Chemistry and Mental Disease ( B. T. Ho and W. M. McIsaac, eds), p. 73. Plenum Press, New York and London (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  18. H. Ehringer and O. Hornykiewicz, Klin. Wschr., 38, 1236 (1960)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. G. C. Cotzias, M. A. Van Woert and L. M. Schiffer, New Engl. J. Med., 276, 374 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. G. H. Acheson (ed.), 2nd Symposium on catecholamines. Pharmac. Rev., 18, 374 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  21. E. Costa and M. Sandler (eds), Biological Role of Indolealkylamine Derivatives in Adv. Pharmac., 6, Supp. p. 1 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  22. T. Nagatsu, M. Levitt and S. Udenfriend, J. biol. Chem., 239, 2910 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. E. M. Gal, J. C. Armstrong and B. Ginsberg, J. Neurochem., 13, 643 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. K. Lloyd and O. Hornkiewicz, Brain Res., 22, 426 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. E. Robins, J. M. Robins, A. B. Croninger, S. G. Moses, S. J. Spencer and R. W. Hudgens, Biochem. Med., 1, 240 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. W. H. Vogel, V. Orfei and B. Century, J. Pharmac., 165, 196 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. W. H. Vogel, H. McFarland and L. N. Prince, Biochem. Pharmac., 19, 618 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. E. Y. Levin, B. Levenberg and S. Kaufman, J. bioL Chem., 235, 2080 (1960)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. S. Udenfriend and C. R. Creveling, J. Neurochem., 4, 350 (1959)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. J. Axelrod, J. bioL Chem., 237, 1657 (1962)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. P. L. McGeer and E. G. McGeer, Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun., 5, 502 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. M. Morgan and A. J. Mandell, Science, 165, 492 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. A. J. Mandell and M. Morgan, Nature (New Biol.), 230, 85 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J. Renson, H. Weissbach and S. Udenfriend, J. Pharmac., 143, 326 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. D. Eccleston, A. T. B. Moir, H. W. Reading and I. M. Ritchie, Br. J. Pharmac., 28, 367 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. G. R. Breese, T. N. Chase and I. J. Kopin, J. Pharmac., 165, 9 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. J. Axelrod, Physiol. Rev., 39, 751 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  38. J. Axelrod, R. W. Albers and C. D. Clemente, J. Neurochem., 5, 67 (1959)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. T. Persson, Acta pharmac. tox., 27, 397 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. I. J. Kopin and E. Gordon, J. Pharmac., 138, 351 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. I. J. Kopin,Pharmac. Rev., 18, 513 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  42. J. W. Maas and D. H. Landis, Psychosom. Med., 28, 247 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. G. F. Murphy and T. L. Sourkes, Archs. Biochem., 93, 338 (1961)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. S. Udenfriend, H. Weissbach and D. F. Bogdanski, J. biol. Chem., 224, 803 (1957)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. H. Weil-Malherbe, J. Axelrod and R. Tomchick, Science, 129, 1226 (1959)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. L. G. Whitby, J. Axelrod and H. Weil-Malherbe, J. Pharmac., 132, 193 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. M. Bulat and Z. Supek, J. Neurochem., 15, 383 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. T. L. Perry, S. Hansen and L. Macdougall, J. Neurochem., 14, 775 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. A. Björklund, B. Falck and U. Stenevi, J. Pharmac., 175, 525 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  50. D. Eccleston, G. W. Ashcroft, T. B. B. Crawford and R. J. Loose, J. Neurochem., 13, 93 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. R. C. Lin, E. Costa, N. H. Neff, C. T. Wang and S. H. Ngai, J. Pharmac., 170, 232 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. A. A. Boulton and L. Quan, Abst. 2nd Internat. Meeting, Internat. Soc. for Neurochemistry, 101, 147 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  53. R. J. Wurtman, J. Axelrod and D. E. Kelly, The Pineal. Academic Press, New York (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  54. J. W. Maas and D. H. Landis, J. Pharmac., 163, 147 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. H. C. Guldberg, In Metabolism of Amines in the Brain ( G. Hooper, ed.), p. 54. Macmillan, London (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  56. G. Bartholini, A. Pletscher and R. Tissot, Experientia, 22, 609 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. H. C. Guldberg and C. M. Yates, Br. J. Pharmac., 33, 457 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. G. W. Ashcroft, R. C. Dow and A. T. B. Moir, J. Physiol. (Lund.), 199, 397 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. M. B. Bowers, J. Neurochem., 17, 827 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. T. N. Chase, J. A. Schnur and E. K. Gordon, Neuropharmac., 9, 265 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. C. G. Gottfries, I. Gottfries and B. E. Roos, J. Neurochem., 16, 1341 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. N. E. Anden, B. E. Roos and B. Werdinius, Life Sciences, 2, 448 (1963)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. G. W. Ashcroft and D. F. Sharman, Nature (Lond.), 186, 1050 (1960)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. G. W. Ashcroft, T. B. B. Crawford, D. Eccleston, D. F. Sharman, E. J. MacDougall, J. B. B. Stanton and J. K. Binns, Lancet, 11, 1049 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. H. Bernheimer, W. Birkmayer and O. Hornykiewicz, Wien. klin. Wschr., 78, 417 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. S. J. Dencker, U. Malm, B. E. Roos and B. Werdinius, J. Neurochem., 13, 1545 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. H. Andersson and B. E. Roos, Experientia, 22, 539 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. G. S. Barolin and O. Hornykiewicz, Wien. klin. Wschr., 79, 815 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. B. Johansson and B. E. Roos, Life Sciences, 6, 1449 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. M. B. Bowers and F. A. Gerbode, Nature (Lond.), 219, 1256 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. F. A. Gerbode and M. B. Bowers, J. Neurochem., 15, 1053 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. R. Olsson and B. E. Roos, Nature (Lund.), 219, 503 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. T. Persson and B. E. Roos, Nature (Lund.), 219, 854 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. M. B. Bowers, Brain Res., 15, 522 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. W. Weiner, W. Harrison and H. Klawans, Life Sciences, 8, 971 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. T. Persson and B. E. Roos, Br. J. Psychiat., 115, 95 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. B. E. Roos and R. Sjöström, Pharmacologia Clinica, 1, 153 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. M. B. Bowers, G. R. Heniger and F. Gerbode, Int. J. Neuropharmac., 8, 255 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. V. Dubowitz and K. J. Rogers, Der). Med. Child Neurol., 11, 730 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. K. J. Rogers and V. Dubowitz, Der). Med. Child Neurol., 12, 461 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. C. G. Gottfries, I. Gottfries and B. E. Roos, Acta psychiat. scand., 46, 99 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. A. T. B. Moir, G. W. Ashcroft, T. B. B. Crawford, D. Eccleston and H. C. Guldberg, Brain, 93, 357 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. G. Curzon, R. B. Godwin-Austen, E. B. Tomlinson and B. D. Kantamaneni, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 33, 1 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. J. A. Brody, T. N. Chase and E. K. Gordon, New Engl. J. Med., 282, 947 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. M. B. Bowers, Neuropharmacology, 9, 599 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. J. R. Mendell, T. N. Chase and W. K. Engel, Lancet, 1, 593 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. H. M. Van Praag, J. Korf and J. Puite, Nature (Lond.), 225, 1260 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. R. Papeschi, P. Molina-Negro, T. L. Sourkes, J. Hardy and C. Bertrand, Neurology, Minneap., 20, 991 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. D. Eccleston, G. W. Ashcroft, T. B. B. Crawford, J. B. Stanton, D. Wood and P. H. McTurk, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 33, 269 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. N. R. Tamarkin, F. K. Goodwin and J. Axelrod, Life Sciences, 9, 1397 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. T. N. Chase, In The Torsion Dystonias. Supplement to Neurology (R. Eldridge, ed.), 20, p. 122 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  92. H. Dekirmenjian and J. W. Maas, Analyt. Biochem., 35, 113 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. S. M. Schanberg, G. R. Breese, J. J. Schildkraut, E. K. Gordon and I. J. Kopin, Biochem. Pharmac., 17, 2006 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. G. Curzon, R. B. Godwin-Austen and B. D. Kantamaneni (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  95. G. Curzon, E. J. W. Gumpert and D. M. Sharpe, Nature (New Biol.), 231, 189 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. A. Carlsson, B. Falck, K. Fuxe and N. A. Hillarp, Acta physiol. scand., 60, 112 (1964)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. I. A. Pullar, J. M. Weddel, A. Hanieh, R. Ahmed and F. J. Gillingham, Abst. 2nd Internat. Meeting, Internat. Soc. for Neurochemistry, 328 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  98. D. Joyce, Br. J. Pharmac., 18, 370 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. R. Maclean, W. J. Nicholson, C. M. B. Pare and R. S. Stacey, Lancet, 11, 205 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. J. H. Dowson, Lancet, 11, 596 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  101. H. R. Boume, W. E. Bunney, R. W. Colburn, J. M. Davis, J. N. Davis, D. M. Shaw and A. J. Coppen, Lancet, 11, 805 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  102. F. Grabarits, R. Chessick and H. Lal, Biochem. Pharmac., 15, 127 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. A. Williamson, Ph.D. Thesis, University of London (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  104. O. Hornykiewicz, In Comparative Neurochemistry ( D. Richter, ed.), p. 379. Pergamon, Oxford (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  105. C. G. Gottfries, A. M. Rosengren and E. Rosengren, Acta pharmac. tox., 23, 36 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. A. Elbadawi, K. H. Hayashi and E. A. Schenk, Histochemie, 21, 21 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. J. de Ajuriaguerra and G. Gauthier (eds), Monoamines et Noyaux Gris Centraux (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  108. D. B. Caine, Parkinsonsim: Physiology, Pharmacology and Treatment. Arnold, London (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  109. G. C. Cotzias, Hospital Practice, 35, 999 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  110. J. P. Martin, Lancet, 1, 999 (1959)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. A. Bertler and E. Rosengren, Experientia, 15, 10 (1959)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. I. Sano, T. Gamo, Y. Kakimoto, K. Taniguchi, M. Takesada and K. Nishinuma, Biochim. biophys. Acta, 32, 586 (1959)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. O. Hornykiewicz, Wien. klin. Wschr., 75, 309 (1963)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. H. Bernheimer, W. Birkmayer and O. Hornykiewicz, Klin. Wschr., 39, 1056 (1961)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. H. Bernheimer and O. Hornykiewicz, Klin. Wschr., 43, 711 (1965)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. O. Hornykiewicz, In Biochemical and Neurophysiological Correlation of Centrally Acting Drugs ( E. Trabucchi, R. Paoletti and N. Canal. eds), p. 58. Macmillan, New York (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  117. R. B. Godwin-Austen, B. D. Kantamaneni and G. Curzon, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 34, 219 (1971)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. H. C. Guldberg, J. W. Turner, A. Hanieh, G. W. Ashcroft, T. B. B. Crawford, W. L. M. Perry and F. J. Gillingham, Confinia neurot., 29, 73 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. G. S. Barolin, H. Bernheimer and O. Hornykiewicz, Schweizer Archs. Neurol. Psychiat., 94, 241 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  120. H. Bernheimer, W. Birkmayer and O. Hornykiewicz, Klin. Wschr., 41, 465 (1963)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. H. Bernheimer, W. Birkmayer and O. Hornykiewicz, Wien. ktin. Wschr., 74, 558 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. G. G. S. Collins, M. Sandler, E. D. Williams and M. B. H. Youdim, Nature (Lond.), 225, 817 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. H. Bernheimer and O. Hornykiewicz, Arch. Exp. Path. Pharmak., 243, 295 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. C. Tretiakoff, Thesis, Paris (1919)

    Google Scholar 

  125. J. G. Greenfield and F. D. Bosanquet, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 16, 213 (1953)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. N. E. Andén, A. Carlsson, A. Dahlström, K. Fuxe, N. A. Hillarp and K. Larsson, Life Sciences, 3, 523 (1964)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. R. L. M. Faull and R. Laverty, Expl. Neurol., 23, 332 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. N. E. Andén, A. Dahlström, K. Fuxe and K. Larsson, Am. J. Anat., 116, 329 (1965)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. H. McLennan, Experientia, 21, 275 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. L. J. Poirier and T. L. Sourkes, Brain, 88, 181 (1965)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. T. L. Sourkes and L. Poirier, Nature (Lond.), 207, 202 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. L. J. Poirier, T. L. Sourkes, G. Bouvier, R. Boucher and S. Carabin, Brain, 89, 37 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. L. J. Poirier, E. G. McGeer, L. Larochelle, P. L. McGeer, P. Bedard and R. Boucher, Brain Res., 14, 147 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. M. Goldstein, B. Anagnoste, A. F. Battista, W. S. Owen and S. Nakatani, J. Neurochem., 16, 645 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. U. Ungerstedt, In 6-Hydroxydopamine and catecholamine neurons (T. Malmfors and H. Thoenen, eds), p. 101. North Holland (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  136. U. Ungerstedt, Eur. J. Pharmac., 5, 107 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. J. M. Foley and D. Baxter, J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol., 17, 586 (1958)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. R. D. Lillie, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 3, 453 (1955)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. R. D. Lillie and H. Yamada, Okajimas Folia Anat. Jap., 36, 155 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  140. C. D. Marsden, Q. Ji. microsc. Sci., 102, 407, 467 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  141. J. H. Fellman, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 21, 58 (1958)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. C. Vanderwende and M. T. Spoerlein, Life Sciences, 6, 386 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  143. C. Vanderwende, Archslnt. Pharmacodyn., 152, 433 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  144. M. Bazelon, G. M. Fenichel and J. Randall, Neurology, Minneap., 17, 512 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  145. M. H. Van Woert, K. N. Prasad and D. C. Borg, J. Neurochem., 14, 707 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. T. Ishii and R. L. Friede, Am. J. Anat., 122, 139 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. S. H. Pomerantz, J. biol. Chem., 241, 161 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  148. A. Pullman and B. Pullman, Biochim. biophys. Acta, 54, 384 (1961)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. G. C. Cotzias, P. S. Papavasiliou, M. H. Van Woert and A. Sakamoto, Fedn. Proc., 23, Part 1, 713 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  150. B. Commoner, J. Townsend and G. E. Pake, Nature (Lond.), 174, 689 (1954)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. G. Curzon, Int. Rev. Neurobiol., 10, 323 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. U. K. Rinne and V. Sonninen, Abst. 9th Int. Cong. Neurol., 10, 169 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  153. H. Weil-Malherbe and J. M. Van Buren, J. Lab. clin. Med., 74, 305 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. G. L. Mattock, D. L. Wilson and A. Hoffer, Nature (Lond.), 213, 1189 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  155. F. Bischoff and A. Torres, Clin. Chem., 8, 370 (1962)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. J. Braham, I. Sarova-Pinhas, M. Crispin, R. Golan, N. Levin and A. Szeinberg, Brit. med. J., 11, 552 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  157. E. Honos, A. D. Ericsson and D. S. McCann, Life Sciences, 9, 159 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. A. Barbeau, G. Jasmin and Y. Duchastel, Neurology, Minneap., 13, 56 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  159. R. H. Resnick, S. J. Gray, J. P. Koch and W. H. Timberlake, Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med., 110, 77 (1962)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. S. O’Reilly, S. Loncin and B. Cooksey, Neurology, Minneap., 15, 980 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  161. A. Barbeau, A. J. de Groot, J. G. Joly, D. Raymond-Tremblay and J. Donaldson, Rev. Can. Biol., 22, 469 (1963)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. U. K. Rinne and V. Sonninen, Nature (Lond.), 216, 489 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. A. A. Boulton, R. J. Pollitt and J. R. Majer, Nature (Lond.), 215, 132 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. J. R. Stabenau, C. R. Creveling and J. Daly, Abst. 7th Cong. Coll. Int. Neuropsychopharmac., 417 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  165. I. Smith and A. H. Kellow, Nature (Lond.), 221, 1261 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. F. A. Kuehl, W. J. A. Van den Heuvel and R. E. Ormond, Nature (Lond.), 217, 136 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. W. Birkmayer and O. Hornykiewicz, Wien. klin. Wschr., 73, 787 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. J. Hirschmann and A. Mayer, Arzneimittel-Forsch., 14, 599 (1964)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. F. Gerstenbrand, F. Pateisky and P. Prosenz, Psychiat. Neurol., 146, 246 (1963)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. A. J. Friedhoff, L. Hekimian, M. Alpert and E. Tobach, J. Am. med. Ass., 184, 285 (1963)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. W. Umbach and D. Baumann, Arch. Psychiat. Nervkrankh, 205, 281 (1964)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. C. Fehling, Acta Neurol. scand., 42, 367 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. P. L. McGeer and L. R. Zeldowicz, Can. med. Ass. J., 90, 463 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. M. D. Yahr, R. C. Duvoisin, M. J. Schear, R. E. Barrett and M. M. Hoehn, Archs. Neurol., 21, 343 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. G. C. Cotzias, P. S. Papavasiliou and R. Gellene, New Engl. J. Med., 280, 337 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. R. B. Godwin-Austen, E. B. Tomlinson, C. C. Frears and H. W. L. Kok, Lancet, 11, 165 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  177. D. B. Caine, A. S. D. Spiers, G. M. Stern, D. R. Laurence and P. Armitage, Lancet, i, 744 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  178. A. Sadwin, New Engl. J. Med., 280, 962 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  179. D. B. Caine, G. M. Stern, D. R. Laurence, J. M. Sharkey and P. Armitage, Lancet, 1, 744 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  180. O. W. Sacks, M. Kohl, W. Schwartz and C. Messeloff, Lancet,1,1006 (1 970)

    Google Scholar 

  181. K. R. Hunter, G. M. Stern and J. Sharkey, Lancet, ii, 1366 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  182. Anon. Lancet, 1, 871 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  183. Anon. Br. med. J., 1, 446 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  184. R. M. Jenkins and R. H. Groh, Lancet, 11, 177 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  185. A. R. Damasio, J. L. Antunes and C. Macedo, Lancet, 11, 611 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  186. L. Rivera-Calimlim, C. A. Dujovne, J. P. Morgan, L. Lasagna and J. R. Bianchine, Br. med. J., 11, 93 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  187. G. Bartholini, R. Tissot and A. Pletscher, Brain Res., 27, 163 (1971)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. N. E. Andén, K. Fuxe, B. Hamberger and T. Hökfelt, Acta physiol. scand., 67, 306 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  189. U. Ungerstedt and G. Arbuthnott, Brain Res., 24, 485 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. U. Ungerstedt, In Monoamines et Noyaux Gris Centraux (J. de Ajuriaguerra and G. Gauthier, eds) (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  191. K. Y. Ng, T. N. Chase, R. W. Colburn and I. J. Kopin, Science, 170, 76 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. D. B. Calne, F. Karoum, C. R. J. Ruthven and M. Sandler, Br. J. Pharmac., 37, 57 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. I. Kuruma, G. Bartholini and A. Pletscher, Eur. J. Pharmac., 10, 189 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. G. Bartholini, I. Kuruma and A. Pletscher, Brit. J. Pharmac., 40, 461 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. R. J. Wurtman, C. Chou and C. Rose, J. Pharmac., 174, 351 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. T. L. Sourkes, Biochem. Med., 3, 321 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  197. T. L. Sourkes, Nature (Lond.), 229, 413 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  198. M. Sandler, B. L. Goodwin and C. R. J. Ruthven, Nature (Lond.), 229, 414 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. A. Pletscher, Archs. Neurol., 20, 187 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  200. C. Owman and E. J. Rosengren, J. Neurochem., 14, 547 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. J. Siegfried, R. Klaiber, E. Perret and W. H. Ziegler, Dt. med. Wschr., 94, 2678 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. G. Bartholini and A. Pletscher, J. Pharmac., 161, 14 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. J. Constantinidis, G. Bartholini, F. Geissbuhler and R. Tissot, Experientia, 26, 381 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. L. Butcher, J. Engel and K. Fuxe, J. Pharm. Pharmac., 22, 313 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. J. D. Utley and A. Carlsson, Acta Pharmac. Tox., 23, 189 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. R. M. Pinder, Nature (Lond.), 228, 358 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  207. J. Braham, Brit. med. J., 11, 540 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  208. L. Butcher and J. Engel, Brain Res., 15, 233 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. J. T. Coyle and S. H. Snyder, Science, 166, 899 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. K. Fuxe, M. Goldstein and A. Ljungdahl, Life Sciences, 9, 811 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. K. M. Taylor and S. H. Snyder, Science, 168, 1487 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. R. S. Schwab, A. C. England, D. C. Poskanzer and R. R. Young, J. Am. med. Ass., 208, 1168 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. R. B. Godwin-Austen, C. C. Frears, S. Bergmann, J. D. Parkes and R. P. Knill-Jones, Lancet, 11, 383 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  214. T. H. Svensson and U. Strömberg, J. Pharm. Pharmac., 22, 639 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. A. Pletscher, In Monoamines et Noyaux Gris Centraux (J. de Ajuriaguerra and G. Gauthier, eds) (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  216. J. D. Parkes, R. C. H. Baxter, G. Curzon, R. P. Knill-Jones, P. J. Knott, C. D. Marsden, R. Tattersall and D. Vollum, Lancet, 1, 1083 (1971)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. A. M. Ernst, Acta physiol. Pharmacol. Neerl., 15, 141 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  218. G. C. Cotzias, P. S. Papavasiliou, C. Fehling, B. Kaufman and I. Mena, New Engl. J. Med., 282, 31 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. G. C. Cotzias, S. Düby, J. Z. Ginos, A. Steck and P. S. Papavasiliou, New Engl. J. Med., 283, 1289 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. P. Glow, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 22, 11 (1959)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. G. Steg, Acta physiol. scand. Suppl., 225 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  222. B. E. Roos and G. Steg, Life Sciences, 3, 351 (1964)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. A. Carlsson, Prog. Brain Res., 8, 9 (1964)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. A. Bertler, C. G. Gottfries, I. Nordenfelt and E. Rosengren, Med. Exptl., 9, 17 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. W. A. Lishman, In Biochemical Aspects of Neurological Disorders ( J. N. Cumings and M. Kremer, eds), p. 62. Blackwell, Oxford (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  226. A. Carlsson and M. Lindqvist, Acta pharmac. tox., 20, 140 (1963)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. N. E. Andén, B. E. Roos and B. Werdinius, Life Sciences, 3, 149 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  228. H. Nybäck, G. Sedvall and I. J. Kopin, Life Sciences, 6, 2307 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  229. G. Bartholini and A. Pletscher, Experientia, 25, 919 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. M. Da Prada and A. Pletscher, Experientia, 22, 465 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  231. R. O’Keeffe, D. F. Sharman and M. Vogt, Br. J. Pharmac., 38, 287 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  232. K. Pind and A. Faurbye, Acta Psychiat. scand., 46, 323 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. E. Christensen, J. E. Moller and A. Faurbye, Acta Psychiat. scand., 46, 14 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. A. Villeneuve and Z. Böszörményi, Lancet, 1, 353 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. H. Hippius and G. Logemann, Arzneimittel-Forsch., 20, 894 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. I. Munkvad, H. Pakkenberg and A. Randrup, Brain Behay. and Evol., 1, 89 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  237. J. M. Van Rossum, Int. Rev. Neurobiol., 12, 307 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  238. I. Mena, O. Marin, S. Fuenzalida, Neurology, Minneap., 17, 128 (1967)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. R. H. Flinn, P. A. Neal, W. H. Reinhart, J. M. Dallavalle, W. B. Fulton and A. H. Dooley, Publ. Hlth. Bull. (U.S.), No. 247 (1940)

    Google Scholar 

  240. L. Van Bogaert and M. J. Dallemagne, Mschr. Psychiat. Neurol.,111, 60 (1945–46)

    Google Scholar 

  241. A. Pentschew, F. F. Ebner and R. M. Kovatch, J. Neuropathol. exptl. Neurol., 32, 488 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  242. J. H. Scherer, J. comp. Neurol., 71, 9 (1939)

    Google Scholar 

  243. G. C. Cotzias, J. Neurosurg., 24, 170 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  244. N. H. Neff, R. E. Barrett and E. Costa, Experientia, 25, 1140 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. F. Seitelberger, H. Petsche, H. Bernheimer and O. Hornykiewicz, Naturwissenschaften, 51, 314 (1964)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. I. Mena, J. Court, S. Fuenzalida, P. S. Papavasiliou and G. Cotzias, New Engl. J. Med., 282, 5 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. G. M. Yuill, Lancet, 1, 44 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  248. A. Barbeau, Lancet, 11, 1066 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  249. H. C. Klawans, G. W. Paulson and A. Barbeau, Lancet, ii, 1185 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  250. T. L. Sourkes, D. Pivnicki, W. T. Brown, M. H. W. Distler, G. F. Murphy, I. Sankoff and S. Saint Cyr, Psychiat. Neurol., Basel, 149, 7 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. C. M. Williams, S. Maury and R. F. Kibler, J. Neurochem., 6, 254 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. U. K. Rinne, V. Sonninen and J. Palo, Psychiat. Neurol., Basel, 151, 321 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. A. Barbeau, Neurology, Minneap., 10, 446 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  254. G. Curzon and I. Wald, Clin. Chim. Acta, 8, 893 (1963)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. G. W. Bruyn, In Handbook of Clinical Neurology (P. J. Vinken and G. W. Bruyn, eds), 6, 298. North Holland, Amsterdam (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  256. O. Hornykiewicz, In Monoamines et Noyaux Gris Central (J. de Ajuriaguerra and G. Gauthier, eds) (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  257. E. J. W. Gumpert, D. M. Sharpe and G. Curzon (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  258. N. H. Cohen, J. nerv. ment. Dis., 134, 62 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  259. H. Pakkenberg, Acta neurol. scand., 44, 391 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. M. A. Dalby, Br. med. J., 11, 422 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  261. W. A. G. MacCallum, Br. med. J., 1, 760 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  262. R. Fog and H. Pakkenberg, Acta neurol. scand., 46, 249 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. G. Curzon, B. D. Kantamaneni, E. J. W. Gumpert and D. M. Sharpe (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  264. D. K. Clark, C. H. Markham and W. G. Clark, Abst. 2nd Int. Cong. Neurogenetics, 40 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  265. M. Sandler and M. B. H. Youdim, Nature (Lond.), 217, 771 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. I. J. Kopin and V. K. Weise, Biochem. Pharmac., 17, 1461 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. C. A. Soutar, Br. med. J., 4, 55 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  268. W. Birkmayer and M. Mentasti, Arch. Psychiat. Nervkrankh., 210, 29 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. S. Spector, A. Sjoerdsma and S. Udenfriend, J. Pharmac., 147, 86 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. C. H. Markham, W. G. Clark and W. D. Winters, Life Sciences, 9, 697 (1963)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. T. L. Sourkes, G. F. Murphy, I. Sankoff, M. H. Wiseman-Distler and S. Saint-Cyr, J. Neurochem., 10, 947 (1963)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. C. C. Porter, D. E. Titus, B. E. Sanders and E. V. C. Smith, Science, 126, 1014 (1957)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. G. Curzon, Biochem. J., 79, 656 (1961)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. R. P. P. Warner and I. Sternlieb, J. Lab. clin. Med., 67, 934 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. J. P. Morgan, T. J. Preziosi and J. R. Bianchine, Lancet, 11, 659 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  276. A. Barbeau and H. Friesen, Lancet, 1, 1180 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. M. S. Ebadi, R. Bostad and R. J. Pellegrino, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 32, 393 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. M. S. Ebadi, R. L. Russell and E. E. McCoy, J. Neurochem., 15, 659 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. M. Coleman, In The Torsion Dystonias (R. Eldridge, ed.), Supplement to Neurology, Minneap., 20, 114 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  280. M. Bazelon, A. Barnet, A. Lodge and S. S. Shelburne, Brain, 11, 397 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. M. Bazelon, R. S. Paine, V. A. Cowie, P. Hunt, J. C. Houck and D. Mahanand, Lancet, 1, 1130 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. F. Rosner, B. H. Ong, R. S. Paine and D. Mahanand, Lancet, 1, 1191 (1965)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. J. Tu and H. Zellwerger, Lancet, 11, 715 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  284. B. Frame, Archs. intern. Med., 116, 424 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. M. Sandler, F. Karoum and C. R. J. Ruthven, Lancet, 11, 770 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  286. H. Stevens, Archs. Neurol., 12, 311 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  287. W. E. Bunney and J. M. Davis, Archs gen. Psychiat., 13, 483 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. O. Lingjaerde, Acta psychiat. scand., 39, 170 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  289. P. O. Ganrot, E. Rosengren and C. G. Gottfries, Experientia, 18, 260 (1962)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  290. C. M. B. Pare, Biochem. J., 121, 36P (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  291. G. Curzon, In Biochemical Aspects of Neurological Disorders. 3rd series ( J. N. Cumings and M. Kremer, eds), p. 82. Blackwell, Oxford (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  292. R. I. Katz, T. N. Chase and I. J. Kopin, Science, 162, 466 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. H. Corrodi, K. Fuxe and M. Schou, Life Sciences, 8, 643 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  294. M. H. Sheard and G. K. Aghajanian, Life Sciences, 9, 285 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  295. M. I. Paul, B. R. Ditzion and D. S. Janowsky, Lancet, 1, 88 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  296. Y. H. Abdullah and K. Hamadah, Lancet, 1, 378 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  297. D. Eccleston, R. Loose, I. A. Pullar and R. F. Sugden, Lancet, 11, 612 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  298. G. A. Robison, A. J. Coppen, P. C. Whybrow and A. J. Prange, Lancet, 11, 1028 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  299. J. Häggendahl and M. Lindquist, Acta physiol. scand., 60, 351 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  300. S. S. Kety, Science, 132, 1861 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  301. A. J. Coppen, Br. J. Psychiat., 113, 1237 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  302. A. J. Mandell and C. E. Spooner, Science, 162, 1442 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  303. J. M. Davis, Int. Rev. Neurobiol., 12, 145 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  304. C. M. B. Pare and M. Sandler, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 22, 247 (1959)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  305. H. M. Van Praag and B. Leijnse, Psychopharmacologia, 4, 1 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  306. J. J. Burgermeister, P. Dick, G. Garrone, M. Guggisberg and M. Tissot, Pr. med., 71, 1116 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  307. A. J. Coppen, In Brain Chemistry and Mental Disease ( B. T. Ho and W. M. McIsaac, eds), p. 123. Plenum Press, New York and London (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  308. D. M. Shaw, F. E. Camps and E. G. Eccleston, Br. J. Psychiat., 113, 1407 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  309. C. M. B. Pare, D. P. H. Yeung, K. Price and R. S. Stacey, Lancet, 11, 133 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  310. A. Coppen, D. M. Shaw and J. P. Farrell, Lancet, 1, 79 (1963)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  311. C. M. B. Pare, Lancet, 11, 527 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  312. A. Coppen, D. M. Shaw, B. Herzberg and R. Maggs, Lancet, 11, 1178 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  313. A. Glassman and S. R. Platman, J. Psychiat. Res., 7, 63 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  314. W. G. Dewhurst, Nature (Lond.), 218, 1130 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  315. H. Weil-Malherbe, Lancet, 11, 219 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  316. W. G. Dewhurst, Lancet, ii, 514 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  317. W. G. Dewhurst, Br. J. Psychiat., 116, 569 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  318. G. Curzon, Br. J. Psychiat., 116, 571 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  319. A. Coppen, D. M. Shaw, A. Malleson, E. Eccleston and G. Gundy, Br. J. Psychiat., 111, 993 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  320. W. G. Dewhurst, In Studies in Psychiatry (M. Shepherd and D. L. Davies, eds), p. 289. Oxford (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  321. N. S. Kline, W. Sacks and G. M. Simpson, Am. J. Psychiat., 121, 379 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  322. A. T. B. Moir and D. Eccleston, J. Neurochem., 15, 1093 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  323. A. Coppen and R. Noguera, Lancet, 1, 1111 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. B. J. Carroll, R. M. Mowbray and B. Davies, Lancet, 1, 967 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  325. D. M. Shaw, Lancet, 1, 1111 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  326. W. H. Wurmer, J. Bell and H. N. Munro, Biochem. J., 101, 417 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  327. G. Curzon and P. K. Bridges, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 33, 698 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  328. W. E. Knox and V. H. Auerbach, Br. J. exp. Path., 32, 462 (1951)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  329. J. L. Gibbons and P. R. McHugh, J. Psychiat. Res., 1, 162 (1962)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  330. D. T. Fullerton, F. J. Wenzel, F. N. Lohrenz and H. Fahs, Archs gen. Psychiat., 19, 674 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  331. D. T. Fullerton, F. J. Wenzel, F. N. Lohrenz and H. Fahs, Archs gen. Psychiat., 19, 682 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  332. D. J. McClure, J. psychosom. Res., 10, 189 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  333. P. K. Bridges and M. T. Jones, Br. J. Psychiat., 112, 1257 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  334. R. J. Doig, R. V. Mummery, M. R. Willis and A. Elkes, Br. J. Psychiat., 112, 1263 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  335. M. S. Knapp, P. M. Keane and J. G. Wright, Br. med. J., 11, 27 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  336. P. W. P. Butler and G. M. Besser, Lancet, 1, 1234 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  337. B. J. Carroll, Br. med. J., 3, 27 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  338. E. J. Sachar, Archs gen. Psychiat., 17, 544 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  339. B. W. L. Brooksbank and A. Coppen, Br. J. Psychiat., 113, 395 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  340. I. P. Lapin and G. F. Oxenkrug, Lancet, i, 132 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  341. G. Curzon, Br. J. Psychiat., 115, 1367 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  342. G. Curzon and A. R. Green, Life Sciences, 7, 657 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  343. G. Curzon and A. R. Green, Br. J. Pharmac., 37, 689 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  344. A. R. Green and G. Curzon, Nature (Lond.), 220, 1095 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  345. T. L. Sourkes, K. Missala and M. Oravec, J. Neurochem., 17, 111 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  346. U. Scapagnini, P. Preziosi and A. de Schaepdryêr, Pharmac. Res. Commun., 1, 63 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  347. G. Nistico and P. Preziosi, Pharmac. Res. Commun., 1, 363 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  348. W. Kostowski, E. Giacalone, S. Garattini and L. Valzelli, Eur. J. Pharmac., 4, 37 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  349. J. F. Brody, Psychopharmacologia, 17, 14, (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  350. R. Rodnight, Int. Rev. Neurobiol., 3, 251 (1961)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  351. D. P. Rose, Clin. Sci., 31, 265 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  352. G. Nistico and P. Preziosi, Lancet, 11, 213 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  353. P. A. Toseland and S. A. Price, Br. med. J., 1, 777 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  354. M. J. Baumblatt and F. Winston, Lancet, 1, 832 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  355. A. R. Green, M. H. Joseph and G. Curzon, Lancet, 1, 1288 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  356. H. Weil-Malherbe and R. Ström-Olsen, J. ment. Sci., 104, 696 (1958)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  357. J. Dawson and A. Bone, Br. J. Psychiat., 109, 629 (1963)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  358. R. Takahashi, Y. Nagao, K. Tsuchiya, M. Takamizawa, T. Kobayashi, M. Toru, K. Kobayashi and T. Kariya, J. Psychiat. Res., 6, 185 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  359. F. H. Messiha, D. Agallianos and C. Clower, Nature (Lond.), 225, 868 (1970)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  360. J. Häggendal and B. Werdinius, Acta physiol. scand., 66, 223 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  361. J. W. Maas, T. Fawcett and H. Dekirmenjian, Arch. gen. Psychiat., 19, 129 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  362. R. Takahashi, H. Utena, Y. Machiyama, M. Kurihara, T. Otsuka, T. Nakamura and H. Kanamura, Life Sciences, 7, 1219 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  363. R. Takahashi, Abst. 7th Meeting, Coll. Int. Neuropsychopharmac., 7, 425 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  364. A. Carlsson, M. Lindquist and T. Magnusson, Nature (Lond.), 180, 1200 (1957)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  365. R. Degwitz, R. Frowein, C. Kulenkampff and V. Mohs, Klin. Wschr., 38, 120 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  366. V. C. G. Ingvarsson, Arzneimittel-Forsch., 15, 849 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  367. N. Mattusek, H. Pohlmeier and E. Ruther, Klin. Wschr., 44, 727 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  368. F. K. Goodwin, H. K. Brodie, D. L. Murphy and W. H. Bunney, Lancet, 1, 908 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  369. D. L. Murphy, H. K. H. Brodie, F. K. Goodwin and W. E. Bunney, Nature (Lond.), 229, 135 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  370. W. E. Bunney, D. L. Murphy, F. K. Goodwin and G. F. Borge, Lancet, 1, 1022 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  371. J. R. Bueno and H. Himwich, Psychosomatics, 8, 82 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  372. F. P. Miller and R. P. Maickel, Life Sciences, 8, 487 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  373. A. J. Mandell, In Biochemistry of Brain and Memory (S. P. Datta, ed.). Plenum Press, New York (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  374. J. R. Smythies, Neurosciences, Res. Prog. Bull., 8, No. 1 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  375. K. Kunz and M. Vojtechovsky, Abst. 7th Meeting. Coll. Int. Neuropsychopharmac., 259 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  376. D. W. Woolley and E. Shaw, Br. med. J., 11, 122 (1954)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  377. J. A. Rosecrans, R. A. Lovell and D. X. Freedman, Biochem. Pharmac., 16, 2011 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  378. G. K. Aghajanian, W. E. Foote and M. H. Sheard, J. Pharmac., 171, 178 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  379. H. Osmond, J. Harley-Mason and J. R. Smythies, J. ment. Sci., 98, 309 (1952)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  380. A. Hoffer and H. Osmond, J. nerv. ment. Dis., 128, 18 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  381. R. G. Heath, S. Martens, B. E. Leach, M. Cohen and C. Angel, Am. J. Psychiat., 114, 14 (1957)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  382. M. K. Horwitt, Science, 124, 429 (1956)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  383. S. Kety, Science, 129, 1590 (1959)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  384. H. Tanimukai and H. E. Himwich, In Modern Trends in Psychological Medicine U. H. Price, ed.), 2, p. 78. Butterworth, London (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  385. W. Pollin, P. V. Cardon and S. S. Kety, Science, 133, 104 (1961)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  386. G. G. Brune and H. E. Himwich, J. nerv. ment. Dis., 134, 447 (1962)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  387. F. Alexander, G. C. Curtis, H. Sprince and A. P. Crosley, J. nerv. ment. Dis., 137, 135 (1963)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  388. A. J. Friedhoff and E. Van Winkle, Nature (Lond.), 194, 897 (1962)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  389. R. E. Bourdillon, C. A. Clarke, A. P. Ridges, P. M. Sheppard, P. Harper and S. A. Leslie, Nature (Lond.), 208, 453 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  390. A. A. Boulton and C. A. Felton, Nature (Lond.), 211, 1404 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  391. C. R. Creveling and J. W. Daly, Nature (Lond.), 216, 190 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  392. Anonymous, Lancet, 11, 848 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  393. P. H. Connell, Amphetamine Psychosis. Chapman and Hall, London (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  394. J. Axelrod, Neurosciences res. Prog. Bull., 8, 16 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  395. W. E. Foote, M. H. Sheard and G. K. Aghajanian, Nature (Lond.), 222, 567 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  396. J. Barchas, F. Da Costa and S. Spector, Nature (Lond.), 214, 919 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  397. P. K. Gessner and I. H. Page, Am. J. Physiol., 203, 167 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  398. S. Szara, In Amines and Schizophrenia ( H. E. Himwich, ed.), p. 441. Pergamon, London (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  399. J. Axelrod, J. Pharmac., 138, 28 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  400. H. Tanimukai, J. Chromatog., 30, 155 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  401. H. Tanimukai, R. Ginther, J. Spaide, J. R. Bueno and H. E. Himwich, Life Sciences, 6, 1697 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  402. A. Faurbye and K. Pind, Nature (Lond.), 220, 489 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  403. H. E. Himwich, N. Narasimhachari, B. Heller, J. Spaide, L. Haskovec, M. Fujimori and K. Tabushi, In Biochemistry of Brain and Memory (S. P. Datta, ed.). Plenum Press, New York (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  404. H. H. Beriet, J. Spaide, H. Kohl, C. Bull and H. E. Himwich, J. nerv. ment. Dis., 140, 297 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  405. C. M. B. Pare, M. Sandler and R. S. Stacey, Lancet, 1, 551 (1957)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  406. C. M. B. Pare, M. Sandler and R. S. Stacey, Archs. Dis. Childh., 34, 422 (1959)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  407. C. M. McKean, S. M. Schanberg and N. J. Giarman, Science, 157, 213 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  408. L. S. Penrose, Lancet, 11, 192 (1935)

    Google Scholar 

  409. T. A. Munro, Ann. Eugen., 14, 60 (1947)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  410. R. T. C. Pratt, D. Gardiner, G. Curzon, M. F. Piercy and J. N. Cumings, Br. J. Psychiat., 109, 624 (1963)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  411. E. Geller and A. Yuwiler, J. Neurochem., 14, 725 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  412. P. S. V. Ramanamurthy and S. G. Srikantia, J. Neurochem., 17, 27 (1970)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  413. J. H. Menkes, Pediatrics, 23, 348 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  414. C. Gopalan and S. G. Srikantia, Lancet, 1, 954 (1960)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  415. K. Yamaguchi, M. Schimoyama and R. K. Gholson, Biochim. biophys. Acta, 146, 102 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  416. L. A. Hersov and R. Rodnight, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 23, 40 (1960)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  417. M. D. Milne, M. A. Crawford, C. B. Girao and L. W. Loughridge, Q. JI. Med., 29, 407 (1960)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  418. H. Green and J. L. Sawyer, Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med., 104, 153 (1960)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  419. R. D. Eastham and J. Jancar, Clinical Pathology in Mental Retardation. Wright, Bristol (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  420. P. H. Wender, Lancet, 11, 1012 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  421. A. Pletscher, Br. J. Pharmac., 32, 1 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  422. H. S. Sudak and J. W. Maas, Science, 146, 418 (1964)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  423. C. G. Gottfries, I. Gottfries and B. E. Roos, Br. J. Psychiat., 115, 563 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  424. C. G. Gottfries, I. Gottfries and B. E. Roos, Acta psychiat. scand., 46, 99 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  425. A. M. Ostfeld, The Common Headache Syndrome, Thomas Springfield, Illinois (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  426. R. W. Kimball and A. P. Friedman, Recent Advances in Biol. Psych., 3, 200 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  427. D. A. Curran and J. W. Lance, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 27, 463 (1964)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  428. C. A. Keele, In Background to Migraine, 1st Migraine Symposium ( R. A. Smith, ed.), p. 126. Heinemann, London (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  429. F. Sicuteri, A. Testi and B. Anselmi, Int. Archs. Allergy, 19, 55 (1961)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  430. F. Sicuteri, Triangle (En.), 6, 116 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  431. D. A. Curran, H. Hinterberger and J. W. Lance, Brain, 88, 997 (1965)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  432. G. Curzon, P. Theaker and B. Phillips, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 29, 85 (1966)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  433. D. A. Campbell, K. M. Hay and E. M. Tonks, Br. med. J., 11, 1424 (1951)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  434. G. Bertaccini and G. Baronio, Archs. int. Pharmacodyn., 155, 57 (1965)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  435. V. Erspamer and G. Bertaccini, Archs. int. Pharmacodyn., 137, 6 (1962)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  436. E. Bülbring and R. C. Y. Lin, J. Physiol., 140, 381 (1958)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  437. B. Adams, Lancet, 1, 207 (1960)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  438. A. M. Ostfeld, J. Am. Med. Ass., 174, 1188 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  439. R. W. Kimball, A. P. Friedman and E. Vallejo, Neurology, Minneap., 10, 107 (1960)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  440. M. Anthony, H. Hinterberger and J. W. Lance, Archs. Neurol., 16, 544 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  441. H. Hinterberger, M. Anthony and M. K. Vagholkar, Clin. Sci., 34, 271 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  442. G. Curzon, M. Barrie and M. I. P. Wilkinson, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 32, 555 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  443. S. Campus, F. Fabris, A. Rappelli, L. Gastaldi, V. Gai and G. Nattero, Boll. Soc. ital. biol. sper., 43, 1844 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  444. E. Hanington, M. Horn and M. Wilkinson, In Background to Migraine, 3rd Migraine Symposium ( A. L. Cochrane, ed.), p. 113. Heinemann, London (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  445. E. Hanington, Br. med. J., 11, 550 (1967)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  446. O. Sjaastad and P. Stensrud, Acta Neurol, scand., 47, 120 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  447. M. B. H. Youdim, S. Bonham-Carter, M. Sandler, E. Hanington and M. Wilkinson, Nature (Lond.), 230, 127 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  448. I. Smith, A. H. Kellow, P. E. Mullen and E. Hanington, Nature (Lond.), 230, 246 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  449. M. Barrie and A. Jowett, Brain, 90, 785 (1967)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. G. Curzon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Institute of Neurology, The National Hospitals for Nervous Diseases, Queen Square, London, W.C.1, UK

    J. N. Cumings (Professor of Chemical Pathology) (Professor of Chemical Pathology)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1972 Plenum Publishing Company Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Curzon, G. (1972). Brain Amine Metabolism in Some Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. In: Cumings, J.N. (eds) Biochemical Aspects of Nervous Diseases. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1956-6_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1956-6_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-1958-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-1956-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation