Abstract
The notion of basal ganglia has not been developed without difficulty. The term “basal” was mainly used to differentiate the “base of the brain” from the cortex. It is only recently that entities such as the thalamus, the striatum and the pallidum have been identified within the “optostriate bodies”. In his historical record (1-368), Dèjerine (1895) quotes Willis as the first to separate the corpus striatum from the thalamus, Vicq d’Azyr (1786) as the first to link the caudate nucleus and the putamen as the two parts of the striatum, and Burdach (1819) as the first to isolate the globus pallidus from the putamen inside the nucleus lentiformis. This latter distinction took time to be accepted. Luys (1865) described a “yellow nucleus” of the “striate body” but did not consider it any more in 1882. Forel (1877), and Monakow (1895) among many others, numbered lenticulate “segments” from 1 for the medial pallidal segment to 3 for the putamen. Kolliker (1896) erroneously located pallidal neurons in the striatum. Brissaud (1893) used the term globus pallidus for the external segment only (Mettler, 1968) and Ramon y Cajal (1911) failed to recognize it in his “noyau central à cellules géantes” (Fig. 1). This is really surprising when one looks at the striking contrast between the striatum and the globus pallidus. The difference is evident in almost all respects: the macroscopic aspect, the cytoarchitecture (Foix and Nicolesco, 1925; Feremutsch, 1961), the dendroarchitecture and ultrastructure (Fox et al., 1966), or the cytohistochemistry (Marchand et al., 1979).
“It is essential in discussing the physiology of the corpus striatum to think anatomically”.
Wilson (1912).
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Percheron, G., Yelnik, J., Francois, C. (1984). The Primate Striato-Pallido-Nigral System: An Integrative System for Cortical Information. In: McKenzie, J.S., Kemm, R.E., Wilcock, L.N. (eds) The Basal Ganglia. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 27. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1212-3_3
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