Abstract
For several years now the limnological literature has carried a wide variety of articles dealing with descriptions of the aquatic organic carbon pool. Organic carbon in aquatic ecosystems has been broken down into a series of components ranging from DOM (dissolved organic matter) through to POM (particulate organic matter) with a wide variety of subdescriptors such as FPOM (fine particulate organic matter) and CPOM (coarse particulate organic matter), principally for descriptive convenience. It should be recognized at the outset that in all natural freshwater systems, dissolved organic matter exists as a continuum of sizes from very small molecular weight amino acids and simple sugars to very large molecular weight humic materials. In a similar context, although this material is called ‘organic’, in many instances its inorganic component of sorbed or complexed metal silicates or hydroxides may be considerable. The fact that particulate organic matter also spans a continuum from colloidal substances and bacteria through to fish is perhaps more obvious.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akiyama, T. 1973. Interactions of ferric, and ferrous irons and organic matter in water environment. Geochem. J. 7: 167–177.
Beck, K.C., Reuter, J.H. and Perdue, E.M. 1974. Organic and inorganic geochemistry of some coastal plain rivers of the southeastern United States. Geochim. cosmochime acta. 38: 341–364.
Black, A.P. and Willems, G.D. 1961. Electrophoretic studies of coagulation for removal of organic colour. J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 53: 589–604.
Bondarenko, G.P. 1968. An experimental study on the solubility of galena in the presence of fulvic acids. (Trans. from) Geokhimiya. 5: 631–636 (from Jackson et al., 1978).
Bordovskiy, O.K. 1965. Accumulation and transformation of organic substances in marine sediments. Marine Geol. 3: 1–14.
Boulegue, J. and Michard, G. 1974. Interactions between sulphur, polysulphide system and organic material in reducing media. C.R. Acad. Sci., Ser. D, 279(1): 13–15.
Bourg, A.C.M. 1979. Effect of ligands at the solid-solution interface upon the speciation of heavy metals in aquatic systems. In: Proc. Int. Conf. on Man and Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Environment. Long, Sept., 1979. pp. 446–449.
Berger, I.A. (ed.). 1963. Organic Geochemistry. Pergamon Press, New York, N.Y.
Emerson, S. and Hesslein, R. 1973. Distribution and uptake of Radium-226 in a small lake. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 30: 1485–1490.
Ferguson, J.F. and Gavis, J. 1972. A review of the arsenic cycle in natural waters. Water Research 6: 1259–1274.
Fisher, E.I., Fisher, V.L. and Miller, A.D. 1974. Nature of interaction of natural organic acids with gold. Soc. Geol. 7: 142–146.
Flaig, W., Küster, E., Haider, K., Bautelspacher, G., Filip, Z. and Martin, J.P. 1971. Influence of clay minerals on the formation of humic substances by some soil fungi. Soviet Soil Sci. 4: 322–330.
Fogg, G.E. 1966. Algal Cultures and Phytoplankton Ecology. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin.
Gjessing, E.T. 1976. Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Aquatic Humus. Ann Arbor Sci. Publ. Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Hakanson, L. 1980. An ecologist risk index for aquatic pollution control: a sedimentological approach. Water Res. 14: 975–1001.
Hardstedt-Romeo, M. and Gnassia-Barelli, M. 1980. Effect of complexation by natural phytoplankton exudates on the accumulation of cadmium and copper by the Haptophyceae Criaosphaera elongota. Marine Biology 59: 79–84.
Harrar, N.J. 1929. Solvent effects of certain organic acids upon oxides of iron. Econ. Geol. 24: 50–61.
Haug, A., Larsen, B. and Baardseth, E. 1969. Comparison of the constitution of alginates from different sources. In: Margslef, R. (ed.), Proceedings of the Sixth International Seaweed Symposium, Madrid, Subsecretaria de 1a Marina Mercante.
Hesslein, R.H., Broecker, W.S. and Schindler, D.W. 1980. Fates of metal radiotracers added to a whole lake: sediment water interactions. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37: 378–386.
Jackson, K.S., Jonasson, I.R. and Skippen, G.B. 1978. The nature of metals — sediment — water interactions in freshwater bodies, with emphasis on the role of organic matter. Earth-Science Reviews 14: 97–146.
Jackson, T.A. and Hecky, R. 1980. Depression of primary productivity by humic matter in lake and reservoir waters of the boreal forest zone. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37: 2300–2317.
Jackson, T.A., Kipphut, G., Hesslein, R. and Schindler, D.W. 1980. Experimental study of trace metal chemistry in soft water lakes at different pH levels. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37: 387–402.
Jackson, T.A. and Schindler, D.W. 1975. The biogeochemisty of phosphorous in an experimental lake environment: evidence for the formation of humic-metal-phosphate complexes. Proa. Int. Assoc. Theor. Appl. Limnol. 19: 211–221.
Janecek, J. and Chalupa, J. 1969. Biological effects of peat water humic acids on warm-blooded organisms. Arch. Hydrobiol. 65: 515–522.
Jernelov, A. and Lann, H. 1973. Studies in Sweden on feasibility of some methods for restoration of mercury-contaminated bodies on water. Environ. Sci. Teohnol. 7: 712–718.
Jonasson, I.R. and Timperley, M.H. 1973. Field observations on the transport of heavy metals in sediments (A.J. de Groot and E. Allersman). Discussion: In: P.A. Krenkel (ed.) Proceeding Symposium Heavy Metals in Aquatic Enviconment (Suppl. Progr. Water Technol., Publ. 1975). Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 97–101.
Kaushik, N.K. and Hynes, H.B.N. 1971. The fate of dead leaves that fall into streams. Arch. Hydrobiol. 68: 465–515.
Khan, S.U. 1973. Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the adsorption of 2,4-D and picloram on humic acid. Can. J. Soil Sci. 53: 429–434.
Klyachko, V.A. 1964. Oxidation method for the removal of colour and iron from water. Scientific papers from the Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague. Technology of Water 8: 195–201.
Kuznetzov, S.I. 1975. Role of microorganisms in the formation of lake bottom deposits and their diogenesis. Soil Sci. 119: 81–88.
Lean, D.R.S. 1973. Movements of phosphorous between its biologically important forms in lake water. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 30: 1525–1536.
Leppard, G.G., Massalski, A. and Lean, D.R.S. 1977. Electron opaque microscopic fibrils in lakes: their demonstration, their biological derivation and their potential significance in the redistribution of cations. Protoplasma 92: 289–309.
Lovelock, J.E. 1979. Gaia — A New Look at Life on Earth. Oxford Univ. Press, Toronto.
Manskaya, S.M. and Drozdova, T.V. 1968. Geochemistry of Organic Substances. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Martin, J.P. and Haider, K. 1971. Microbial activity in relation to soil humus formation. Soil Sci. 111: 54–63.
Mathur, S.P. and Paul, E.A. 1967a. Microbial Utilization of Soil Humic Acids. Can. J. Microbiol. 13: 581–586.
Mathur, S.P. and Paul, E.A. 1967b. Partial Characterization of Soil Humic Acids Through Biodegradation. Can. J. Microbiol. 13: 573–580.
Neunylov, B.A. and Khaukina, N.V. 1968. Study of the rate of decomposition and conversion processes of organic matter tagged with 14C in the soil. Soviet Soil Sci. 2: 234–239.
Nissenbaum, A. and Kaplan, I.R. 1972. Chemical and Isotopic Evidence for the in situ origin of Marine Humic Substances. Limnol. Oceanogr. 17: 570–582.
Odum, W.E. and Drifmoyer, J.E. 1978. Sorption of pollutants by plant detritus: Review. Environmental Health Perspectives 27: 133–137.
Pauli, F.W. 1975. Heavy metal humates and their behaviour against hydrogen sulphide. Soil Sci. 119: 98–105.
Poldoski, J.E. 1979. Cadmium bioaccumulation assay: their relationship to various ionic equilibria in Lake Superior water. Environ. Sci. Teohnol. 13: 701–706.
Ramamoorthy, S. and Kushner, D.J. 1975a. Heavy metal binding components of river water. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 32: 1755–1766.
Ramamoorthy, S. and Kusher, D.J. 1975b. Heavy-metal binding sites in river water. Nature (London) 256: 399–401.
Ramamoorthy, S. and Leppard, G.G. 1977. Fibrillar pectin and contact cation exchange at the root surface. J. Theor. Biol. 66: 527–540.
Rashid, M.A. and Leonard, J.D. 1973. Modifications of the solubility and precipitation behaviour of various metals as a result of their interactions with sedimentary humic acid. Chem. Geol. 11: 89–97.
Rorem, E.S. 1955. Uptake of rubidium and phosphate ions by polysaccharide-producing bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 70: 691–701.
Sakamoto, M. 1971. Chemical factors involved in the control of phytoplankton production in the experimental lakes area, northwestern Ontario. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 28: 203–213.
Schenek, P.A. and Havenaar, I. (eds.). 1968. Advances in Organic Geochemistry. Pergamon, Oxford.
Schindler, D.W., Hesslein, R.W., Wagemann, R. and Broeckner, W.S. 1980. Effects of acidification on mobilization of heavy metals and radionuclides from the sediments of a freshwater lake. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37: 373–377.
Schnitzer, M. 1971. Metal-Organic Matter Interactions in Soils and Waters. In: Organic Compounds in Aquatic Environments. S.D. Faust and J.V. Hunter, (eds.) Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
Seki, H., Shortreed, K.S. and Steckner, J.G. 1980. Turnover rate of dissolved organic materials in glacially-oligotrophic and dystrophic lakes in British Columbia, Canada. Arch. Hydrobiol. 90: 210–216.
Singer, A. and Navrot, J. 1976. Extraction of metals from basalt by humic acids. Nature (Land.) 262: 479–481.
Stumm, W. and Morgan, J.J. 1970. Aquatic Chemistry. Wiley-Interscience, New York, N.Y.
Sundman, V. 1965. Transformation of lignin-related compounds into humic acids. Acta Polytech. Scand., Helsinki. Chapter 40.
Timperley, M.H. and Allan, R.J. 1974. The formation and detection of metal dispersion haloes in organic lake sediments. J. Geochem. Explor. 3: 167–190.
Wood, J.M. 1974. Biological cycles for toxic elements in the environment. Science 183: 1049–1952.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lush, D.L. (1981). Organic Carbon in Aquatic Ecosystems: Beyond Energy — Control. In: Lock, M.A., Williams, D.D. (eds) Perspectives in Running Water Ecology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1122-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1122-5_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-1124-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-1122-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive