Abstract
Fouling organisms include nearly 2000 species of sessile algae and invertebrates (WHOI, 1952) that have great economic importance to owners and operators of ships and fixed offshore structures. They increase the fuel consumption of ships and affect the design of offshore oil platforms. The fouling community has been described in many parts of the world and on many substrates (McDougall, 1943; Scheer, 1945; Fuller, 1946; WHOI, 1952; Daniel, 1954; Raja, 1959, 1963; Skerman, 1959; Kawahara, 1962; Nair, 1962; Stubbings and Houghton, 1964; Haderlie, 1969; Pearse and Chess, 1971; Lee and Trott, 1973), including Texas coast oil field structures (Gunter and Geyer, 1955). However, the variation in this community is large, even over relatively short distances (Weiss, 1948), and alternative stable communities may be established at the same site on structures added at different times of the year (Sutherland, 1974).
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Fotheringham, N. (1981). Observations on the Effects of Oil Field Structures on Their Biotic Environment: Platform Fouling Community. In: Middleditch, B.S. (eds) Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil Production. Marine Science, vol 14. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1110-2_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1110-2_8
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