Abstract
This chapter on oncornaviruses is included in a book on the immunology of human infections because of the considerable potential role that oncornaviruses have in human diseases. However, as yet, no human disease has been proven to be caused by an oncornavirus or even to be intimately associated with these viruses. An additional point to emphasize is that only some aspects of the oncornaviruses and of host resistance to them are related to immunological factors. There are many genetic and other nonimmunological factors involved in both the expression and/or infectivity of these viruses, and in the resistance against the tumors and other diseases associated with these viruses. However, in order to understand the role and limitations of the immune response to oncornaviruses, one needs to consider some of the other major factors related to these agents. In this chapter, we will briefly review the vast body of information which has accumulated regarding the oncornaviruses and will try to emphasize some general principles and approaches which might help to evaluate the possible role of oncornaviruses in human disease. The majority of information concerning these agents has been obtained in mice and rats, and the immunological factors related to oncornaviruses in these species will be emphasized. However, oncornaviruses have been identified in a wide range of mammalian and nonmammalian species, and many of the characteristics of the virion- and virus-associated antigens, and the immune responses to them, are remarkably similar to those of rodents. Because of this, it seems particularly likely that much of the information available may be quite pertinent to putative human oncornaviruses. In Section 7, we will review the information that has already been obtained about possible oncornavirus antigens in human tissues and the immune responses to such antigens.
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Herberman, R.B. (1982). Immunology of Oncornaviruses. In: Nahmias, A.J., O’Reilly, R.J. (eds) Immunology of Human Infection. Comprehensive Immunology, vol 9. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1012-9_12
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