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Mammalian Glycosyltransferases

Their Role in the Synthesis and Function of Complex Carbohydrates and Glycolipids

  • Chapter
The Biochemistry of Glycoproteins and Proteoglycans

Abstract

The general process for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates is that of transglycosylation:

$${\text{G - O - R}}_{\text{1}} {\text{ + R}}_{\text{2}} {\text{ - OH}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{G - O - R}}_{\text{2}} {\text{ + R}}_{\text{1}} {\text{ - OH}}$$

G—O—R1 is the glycosyl donor which is usually a sugar phosphate compound such as a sugar nucleotide. R2—OH is the acceptor, which can be an alcohol, a sugar phosphate, a monosaccharide, or an oligosac-charide. The discovery of glycogen synthetase by Leloir and Cardini (1957) established the role of sugar nucleotides in complex carbohydrate assembly in vivo; phosphorylase was seen to play a catabolic role under physiologic conditions. Sugar nucleotides are, from a thermodynamic point of view, superior donors for complex carbohydrate assembly; these “high-energy” compounds are now known to be the glycosyl donors involved in glycoprotein and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis (see Part B of this chapter).

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada

    Harry Schachter

  2. Department of Biology and the McCollum Pratt Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA

    Saul Roseman

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  1. Harry Schachter
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  1. The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    William J. Lennarz

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Schachter, H., Roseman, S. (1980). Mammalian Glycosyltransferases. In: Lennarz, W.J. (eds) The Biochemistry of Glycoproteins and Proteoglycans. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1006-8_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1006-8_3

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