Skip to main content

The Use of Social Indicators in Environmental Planning

  • Chapter
Book cover Human Behavior and Environment
  • 590 Accesses

Abstract

Over the past decade, much effort has gone into the development of environmental planning methods that concentrate on ways to improve the quality of the environments in which we live. Accompanying these methods, there must be procedures or techniques through which we are able to judge whether or not environmental quality has changed as a result of the implemented plans. We must have ways to determine if plans serve to move the quality of our social and physical environments toward the achievement of societal goals. For example, we might be interested in increasing the amount and quality of urban recreational facilities so that individuals spend a proportionately larger amount of their leisure time using these facilities. If we are to determine whether the goal of having individuals spend more leisure time using these facilities is met, a measure of that time must be devised so that change can be recognized. This specific example is discussed later in greater detail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ackoff, R. On a system of systems concepts. Management Science, 1971, 17, 661–671.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ackoff, R. Does quality of life have to be quantified? General Systems, 1975, 20, 213–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ackoff, R., & Emery, F. On purposeful systems. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, F., & Withey, S. Developing measures of perceived life quality: Results from several national surveys. Social Indicators Research, 1974, 1, 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, R. (Ed.). Social indicators. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, R. Social planning and societal monitoring. In L. Wilcox, R. Brooks, G. Beal, & G. Konglan (Eds.), Social indicators and societal monitoring: An annotated bibliography. San Francisco: jossey-Bass, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A. Subjective measures of well-being.American Psychologist, 1976, 31, 117–124.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A., & Converse, P. (Eds.). The human meaning of social change. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A., Converse, P., & Rodgers, W. The quality of American life. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapin, S., & Hightower, H. Household activity patterns and land use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1965, 31, 222–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalkey, N., & Rourke, D. The Delphi procedure and rating quality of life factors. In Environmental Protection Agency, The quality of life concept: A potential new tool for decision makers. Washington, D.C.: Office of Research and Monitoring, Environmental Studies Division, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, K. Social indicators and social theory. New York: Wiley, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, B. The state of the nation: Social systems accounting. In R. Bauer (Ed.), Social indicators. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobson, R., & Mann, S. A social indicator based on time allocation. Social Indicators Research, 1975, 1, 439–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hobson, R., & Mann, S. On measuring the quality of leisure time. Management Science, 1977, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Land, K. On the definition of social indicators. The American Sociologist, 1971, 6, 322–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Land, K. Social indicator models: An overview. In K. Land & S. Spilerman (Eds.), Social indicator models. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Land, K., & Spilerman, S. (Eds.). Social indicator models. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laszlo, C., Levine, M., & Milsum, D. A general systems framework for social systems. Behavioral Science, 1974, 19, 79–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malizia, E. Uses of social indicators in planning. Paper presented at the 40th Annual American Society of Planning Officials National Planning Conference. May, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, S., & Barton, E. Toward the integration of social indicator research with general systems theory. Unpublished manuscript, 18pp., 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merwin, D. The quality of life: A bibliography of objective and perceptual social indicators. Monticello, 111.: Council of Planning Librarians Exchange, Bibliography #1079, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odum, E. Energy, ecosystem development and environmental risk. The Journal of Risk and Insurance, 1976, 43, 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plessas, D., & Fein, R. An evaluation of social indicators. American Institute of Planners Journal, 1972, 38, 43–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sagasti, F. A conceptual “systems” framework for the study of planning theory. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 1973, 5, 379–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, E., & Freeman, H. Notes on social indicators: Promises and potential. Policy Sciences, 1970, 1, 97–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, E., & Parke, R. Social indicators. Science, 1975, 188, 693–699.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Studer, R. Human systems design and the management of change. General Systems, 1971, 16, 131–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike, E. Your city. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Toward a social report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1–969.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Office of Management and Budget. Social indicators. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, P. G. An application of the Lambda social indicator to social alienation. Unpublished M.S. paper. Division of Man-Environment Relations, Pennsylvania State University, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1977 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mann, S.H. (1977). The Use of Social Indicators in Environmental Planning. In: Altman, I., Wohlwill, J.F. (eds) Human Behavior and Environment. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0808-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0808-9_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-0810-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-0808-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics