Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Topics in Hematology ((TOHE))

Abstract

The presence of copper in plant and animal tissues was first recognized almost 150 years ago (Bucholz, 1818; Boutigny, 1833). In 1847, copper was shown to be present in the blood proteins of snails (Harless, 1847), and 30 years later, copper-containing pigment (hemocyanin) was recognized to function as a respiratory compound (Fredericq, 1878). In addition, the red pigment turacin (found in the feathers of turaco, a South African bird) was found to be a copper compound (Church, 1869, 1892). Subsequently, turacin was found to be a derivative of the porphyrin pigments normally present in plants and animals (Rimington, 1939).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Al-Rashid, R. A., and Spangler, J. 1971. Neonatal copper deficiency. N. Eng. J. Med. 285, 841–843.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbour, B. H., Bishel, M., and Abrams, D. E. 1971. Copper accumulation in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis: The role of cuprophan. Nephron 8, 455–562.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barranco, V. P. 1972. Eczematous dermatitis caused by internal exposure to copper. Arch Dermatol. 106, 386–387.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beam, A. G. 1972. Wilson’s disease. In: The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease, 3rd ed. (J. B. Stanbury, J. C. Wyngaarden, and D. S. Fredrickson, eds.). McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 1033–1050.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beard, A. W. 1959. The association of hepatolenticular degeneration with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Neurol. Scand. 34, 411–428.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bearn, A. G., and Kunkel, H. G. 1954. Abnormalities of copper metabolism in Wilson’s disease and their relationship to the aminoaciduria. J. Clin. Invest. 33, 400–409.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. B. 1941. Studies on copper content of milk of sheep and of cows. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 19, 145–150.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennets, H. W., and Chapman, F. E. 1937. Copper deficiency in sheep in Western Australia: A preliminary account of the etiology of enzootic ataxia of lambs and an anemia of ewes. Aust. Vet. J. 13, 138–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bird, D. W., Savage, J. E., and O’Dell, B. L. 1966. Effect of copper deficiency and inhibitors on the amine oxidase activity of chick tissues. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 123, 250–254.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blomfield, J., McPherson, J., and George, C. R. P. 1969. Active uptake of copper and zinc during haemodialysis. Brit. Med. J. 2, 141–145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blomfield, J., Dixon, S. R., and McCredie, S. A. 1971. Potential hepatotoxicity of copper in recurrent hemodialysis. Arch. Intern. Med. 128, 555–569.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bohre, G. R., Huisman, J., and Lifferink, H. F. L. 1965. Acute copper poisoning aboard a ship. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 109, 978–979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boutigny, P. H. 1833. De la presence du cuivre dans le ble et dans un grand nombre d’autres substances. J. Chim. Med. 9, 147–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowland, J. P., Braude, R., Chamberlain, A. G., Glascock, R. F., and Mitchell, K. G. 1961. The absorption, distribution and excretion of labelled copper in young pigs given different quantities, as sulphide, orally or intravenously. Brit. J. Nutr. 15, 59–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brady, F. O., Monaco, M. E., Forman, H. J., Schutz, G., and Feigelson, P. 1972. On the role of copper in activation of and catalysis by tryptophan-2, 3-dioxygenase. J. Biol. Chem. 247, 7915–7922.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braude, R., Mitchell, K. G., and Pittman, R. J. 1973. A note on cuprous chloride as a feed additive for growing pigs. Anim. Prod. 17, 321–323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broman, L. 1967. The function of ceruloplasmin—a moot question. In: Molecular Basis of Some Aspects of Mental Activity, Vol. 2 (O. Walaas, ed.). Academic Press, New York, p. 131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bucholz, D. F. 1818. Analyse eines merkwurdigen Kupfererzes von Poinik in Ungarn. Schweigeer. J. XXII, pp. 43–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buffoni, F., and Blaschko, H. 1964. Benzylamine oxidase and histaminase: Purification and crystallization of an enzyme from pig plasma. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 161, 153–167.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bush, J. A., Mahoney, J. P., Gubler, C. J., Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1956a. Studies on copper metabolism. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 47, 898–906.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bush, J. A., Jensen, W. N., Athens, J. W., Ashenbrucker, H., Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1956b. Studies on copper metabolism. XIX. The kinetics of iron metabolism and erythrocyte life span in copper-deficient swine. J. Exp. Med. 103, 701–712.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, E. J. 1963. The influence of pregnancy on the blood, plasma and caeruloplasmin copper levels of sheep. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 9, 1–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cairns, J. E., Williams, H. P., and Walshe, J. M. 1969. “Sunflower cataract” in Wilson’s disease. Brit. Med. J. 3, 95–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlton, W. W., and Henderson, W. 1965. Studies in chickens fed a copper deficient diet supplemented with ascorbic acid, reserpine and diethylstilbestrol. J. Nutr. 85, 67–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlton, W. W., and Kelly, W. A. 1969. Neural lesions in the offspring of female rats fed a copper deficient diet. J. Nutr. 97, 42–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrico, R. J., and Deutsch, H. F. 1970. The presence of zinc in human cytocuprein and some properties of the apoprotein. J. Biol. Chem. 245, 723–727.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cartwright, G. E. 1950. Copper metabolism in human subjects. In: A Symposium on Copper Metabolism (W. D. McElroy and B. Glass, eds.). Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, pp. 274–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1964a. Copper metabolism in normal subjects. Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 14, 224–232.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1964b. The question of copper deficiency in man. Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 15, 94–110.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cartwright, G. E., Gubler, C. J., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1954. Studies on copper metabolism. XI. Copper and iron metabolism in the nephrotic syndrome. J. Clin. Invest. 33, 685–698.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cartwright, G. E., Markowitz, H., Shields, G. S., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1960. Studies on copper metabolism. XXIX. A critical analysis of serum copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations in normal subjects, patients with Wilson’s disease, and relatives of patients with Wilson’s disease. Amer. J. Med. 28, 555–563.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cartwright, G. E., Markowitz, H., Shields, G. S., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1962. Studies on copper metabolism. XXIX. A critical analysis of serum copper in normal subjects, patients with Wilson’s disease and relatives of patients with Wilson’s disease. Amer. J. Med. 28, 555–563.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavell, P. A., and Widdowson, E. M. 1964. Intakes and excretions of iron, copper, and zinc in the neonatal period. Arch. Dis. Child. 39, 496–501.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chou, W. S., Savage, J. E., and O’Dell, B. L. 1968. Relation of monoamine oxidase activity and collagen cross-linking in copper-deficient and control tissues. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 128, 948–952.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Church, A. H. 1869. Researches on turacin, an animal pigment containing copper. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 159, 627–636.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Church, A. H. 1892. Turacin, a remarkable animal pigment containing copper. Roy. Inst. Proc. 14, 44–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chuttani, H. K., Gupta, P. S., Gulati, S., and Gupta, D. W. 1965. Acute copper sulfate poisoning. Amer. J. Med. 39, 849–854.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clemetson, A. 1966. Chronic copper poisoning in sheep. Aust. Vet. J. 42, 34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E., and Elvehjem, C. A. 1934. The relation of iron and copper to the cytochrome and oxidase content of animal tissue. J. Biol. Chem. 107, 97–105.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cordano, A., and Graham, G. G. 1966. Copper deficiency complicating severe chronic intestinal malabsorption. Pediatrics 38, 596–604.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cordano, A., Baertl, J. M., and Graham, G. G. 1964. Copper deficiency in infancy. Pediatrics 34, 324–336.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cox, D. H., and Harris, L. H. 1960. Effect of excess dietary zinc on iron and copper in the rat. J. Nutr. 70, 514–520.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craine, J. E., Daniels, G. H., and Kaufman, S. 1973. Dopamine-β-hydroxylase: The subunit structure and anion activation of the bovine adrenal enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 248, 7838–7844.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuadros, A., and Hirsch, J. G. 1972. Copper on intrauterine devices stimulates leukocyte exudation. Science 175, 175–176.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cumings, J. N. 1959. Heavy Metals and the Brain. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, pp. 3–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, I. J. 1931. CXLI. Some biochemical and physiological aspects of copper in animal nutrition. Biochem. J. 25, 1267–1294.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curzon, G., and O’Reilly, S. 1960. A coupled iron ceruloplasmin oxidation system. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2, 284–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danks, D. M., Cambell, P. E., Stevens, B. J., Mayne, V., and Cartwright, E. 1972a. Menkes’ kinky hair syndrome: An inherited defect in copper absorption with widespread effects. Pediatrics 50, 188–201.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danks, D. M., Campbell, P. E., Walker-Smith, J., Stevens, B. J., Gillespie, J. M., Blomfield, J., and Turner, B. 1972b. Menkes’ kinky-hair syndrome. Lancet 1, 1100–1102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davenport, S. J. 1953. Health hazards of metals. I. Copper. U.S. Bur. Mines Inf. Circ. 7666, 1–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, P. N., Norris, L. C., and Kratzer, F. H. 1962. Interference of soybean proteins with the utilization of trace minerals. J. Nutr. 77, 217–223.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deiss, A., Lee, G. R., and Cartwright, G. E. 1970. Hemolytic anemia in Wilson’s disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 73, 413–418.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denny-Brown, D. 1964. Hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson’s disease). N. Engl. J. Med. 270, 1149–1156.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dick, A. T. 1954. Studies on the assimilation and storage of copper in crossbred sheep. Aust. J. Agric.Res. 5, 511–544.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dick, A. T., and Bull, L. B. 1945. Some preliminary observations on the effect of molybdenum on copper metabolism in herbivorous animals. Aust. Vet. J. 21(3), 70–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiPaolo, D. V., Kanfer, J. N., and Newberne, P. M. 1974. Copper deficiency and the central nervous system. Myelination in the rat: Morphological and biochemical studies. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 33, 226–236.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dreosti, I. E., and Quicke, G. V. 1968. Blood copper as an indicator of copper status with a note on serum proteins and leucocyte counts in copper-deficient rats. Brit. J. Nutr. 22, 1–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, W. M., James, G. W., III, and Hume, D. M. 1974. Anemia and neutropenia caused by copper deficiency. Ann. Intern. Med. 80, 470–476.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Everson, G. J., Shrader, R. E., and Wang, T. 1968. Chemical and morphological changes in the brains of copper-deficient guinea pigs. J. Nutr. 96, 115–125.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fay, J., Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1949. Studies on free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, serum iron, serum iron-binding capacity and plasma copper during normal pregnancy. J. Clin. Invest. 28, 487–491.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fell, G. S., Smith, H., and Howie, R. A. 1968. Neutron activation analysis for copper in biological material applied to Wilson’s disease. J. Clin. Pathol. 21, 8–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fomon, S. J. 1974. Infant Nutrition, 2nd. ed. Saunders, Philadelphia, p. 363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredericq, L. 1878. Sur l’organisation et la physiologie du poulpe (Octopus vulgars). Arch. Zool. Exp. 7, 535–583.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fridovich, I. 1972. Superoxide radical and Superoxide dismutase. Accounts Chem. Res. 5, 321–326.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frommer, D. J. 1972. The measurement of biliary copper secretion in humans. Clin. Sci. 42, 26P.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frykholm, K. O., Frithiof, L., Fernstrom, A. I. B., Moberger, G., Blohm, S. G., and Bjorn, E. 1969. Allergy to copper derived from dental alloys as a possible cause of oral lesions of lichen planus. Acta Derm.-Venereol. (Stockholm) 49, 268–281.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaber, B. P., and Aisen, P. 1970. Is bivalent iron bound to transferrin? Biochim. Biophys. Acta 221, 228–233.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, C. H., Reeve, V. E., and Wright, R. 1973. Copper deficiency in the rat: Effect on the ultrastructure of hepatocytes. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 51, 181–189.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gallop, P. M., Blumenfeld, O. O., and Seifter, S. 1972. Structure and metabolism of connective tissue proteins. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 41, 617–672.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilsanz, V., Barrera, A., and Anaya, A. 1960. The renal biopsy in Wilson’s disease. Arch. Inter. Med. 105, 758–761.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfischer, S., and Sternlieb, I. 1968. Changes in the distribution of hepatic copper in relation to the progression of Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration). Amer. J. Pathol. 53, 883–901.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, N. P., Ewert, J. C., Randall, R. V., and Gross, J. B. 1968. Psychiatric aspects of Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration): Results of psychomotor tests during long-term therapy. Amer. J. Psychiatry 124, 1555–1561.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, J. G., and Dallman, P. R. 1969. Role of copper in iron localization in developing erythrocytes. Blood 34, 747–753.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalan, C., Reddy, V., and Mohan, V. S. 1963. Some aspects of copper metabolism in protein-calorie malnutrition. J. Pediatr. 63, 646–649.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, G. G., and Cordano, A. 1969. Copper depletion and efficiency in the malnourished infant. John’s Hopkins Med. J. 124, 139–150.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, G. G., and Cordano, A. 1976. Copper deficiency in human subjects. In: Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease, Vol. I (A. S. Prasad, ed.). Academic Press, New York, pp. 363–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant-Frost, D. R., and Underwood, E. J. 1958. Zinc toxicity in the rat and its interrelation with copper. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 36, 339–346.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregoriadis, G., and Sourkes, T. 1967. Intracellular distribution of copper in the liver of the rat. Canad. J. Biochem. 45, 1841–1851.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gubler, C. J., Lahey, M. E., Chase, M. S., Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1952. Studies on copper metabolism. III. The metabolism of iron in copper-deficient swine. Blood 7, 1075–1092.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagenfeldt, K. 1972. Intrauterine contraception with the copper-T device. Contraception 6, 37–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halsted, J. A., Hackley, B. M., and Smith, J. C., Jr. 1968. Plasma-zinc and copper in pregnancy and after oral contraceptives. Lancet 2, 278–279.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna, C., and Fraunfelder, F. P. 1973. Lens capsule change after intraocular copper. Ann. Ophthalmol. 5, 9–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harless, E. 1847. Ueber das blaue Blut einiger wirbellosen Thiere und dessen Kupfergehalt. Arch. Anat. Physiol. Wiss. Med. 14, 148–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, E. D., Gonnerman, W. A., Savage, J. E., and O’Dell, B. L. 1974. Connective tissue amine oxidase. II. Purification and partial characterization of lysyl oxidase from chick aorta. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 341, 332–344.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, E. B., Steenbock, H., Waddell, J., and Elvehjem, C. A. 1928. Iron in nutrition: Copper as a supplement to iron for hemoglobin building in the rat. J. Biol. Chem. 77, 797–812.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heilmeyer, L., Keiderling, W., and Struve, C. 1941. Kupfer and Eisen als körpereigene Wirkstoffe und ihre Bedeutung beim Krankheitsgeschehen. Fischer, Jena, Germany, pp. 1-132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, G. E., and Kun, D. 1961. Intracellular distribution of copper in rat liver and its response to hypophysectomy and growth hormone. Exp. Cell. Res. 22, 257–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, C. H., and Matrone, G. 1962. Copper and zinc interrelations in poultry nutrition. In: Proceedings of the 12th World Poultry Congress (Sydney) 1962, pp. 219-222, Waverly Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, C. H., and Starcher, B. 1965. Effect of reducing agents on copper deficiency in the chick. J. Nutr. 85, 271–274.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmberg, C.G., and Laurell, C.-B. 1947. Investigations in serum copper I. Nature of serum copper and its relation to the iron-binding protein in human serum. Acta Chem. Scand. 1, 944–950.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmberg, C. G., and Laurell, C. B. 1948. Investigations in serum copper. II. Isolation of the copper containing protein, and a description of some of its properties. Acta Chem. Scand. 2, 550–556.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmberg, C. G., and Laurell, C. B. 1951. Investigations in serum copper. III. Caeruloplasmin as an enzyme. Acta Chem. Scand. 5, 476–480.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holtzman, N. A., Elliott, D. A., and Heller, R. H. 1966. Copper intoxication: Report of a case with observations on ceruloplasmin. N. Engl. J. Med. 275, 347–352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holtzman, N. A., Charache, P., Cordano, A., and Graham, G. G. 1970. Distribution of serum copper in copper deficiency. Johns Hopkins Med. J. 126, 34–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holtzman, N. A., Graham, G. G., and Bucknall, W. E. 1973. Role of copper and copper-dependent ferroxidases in hematopoeisis. Proc. Illéme Symp. Internat. sur la maladie de Wilson, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopper, S. H., and Adams, H. S. 1958. Copper poisoning from vending machines. Public Health Rep 73, 910–914.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell, J. McC., and Davison, A. N. 1959. The copper content and cytochrome oxidase activity of tissues from normal and swayback lambs. Biochem. J. 72, 365–367.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishimura, Y., and Hayaishi, O. 1973. Noninvolvement of copper in the L-tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase reaction. J. Biol. Chem. 248, 8610–8612.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, N. C., Kheim, T., and Kountz, W. B. 1959. Influence of sex hormones on total serum copper. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 102, 98–99.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, M. S., and Jones, O. T. G. 1969. The structural organization of heme synthesis in rat liver mitochondria. Biochem. J. 113, 507–514.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Josephs, H. W. 1931. Treatment of anemia in infants with iron and copper. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 49, 246–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karpel, J. T., and Peden, V. H. 1972. Copper deficiency in long-term parenteral nutrition. J. Pediatr. 80, 32–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, W. A., Kesterson, J. W., and Carlton, W. W. 1974. Myocardial lesions in the offspring of female rats fed a copper deficient diet. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 20, 40–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimmel, J. R., Markowitz, H., and Brown, D. M. 1959. Some chemical and physical properties of erythrocuprein. J. Biol. Chem. 234, 46–50.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, W. J., Jr., Metz, E. N., and Price, A. R. 1972. Acute copper intoxication: A hazard of hemodialysis. Arch. Intern. Med. 129, 578–582.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Konovalov, N. V. 1960. Hepatocerebral Dystrophy. Medgiz, Moscow.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krebs, H. A. 1928. Über das Kupfer im menschlichen Blutserum. Klin. Wochenschr. 7, 584–585.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunath, B. 1969. Zur Psychopathologie der hepatozerebralen Degeneration. Fortschr. Neurol. Psychiatr. Ihrer Grenzgeb. 37, 91–106.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lahey, M. E., Gubler, C. J., Chase, M. S., Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1952. Studies on copper metabolism; hematologic manifestations of copper deficiency in swine. Blood 7, 1053–1074.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lea, C. M., and Luttrell, V. A. 1965. Copper content of hair in kwashiorkor. Nature (London) 206, 413.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, G. R., Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1968a. Heme biosynthesis in copper-deficient swine. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 127, 977–981.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, G. R., Nacht, S., Lukens, J. N., and Cartwright, G. E. 1968b. Iron metabolism in copper-deficient swine. J. Clin. Invest. 47, 2058–2069.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, G. R., Nacht, S., Christensen, D., Hansen, S. P., and Cartwright, G. E. 1969. The contribution of citrate to the ferroxidase activity of serum. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 131, 918–923.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, G. R., Williams, D. M., and Cartwright, G. E. 1976. Role of copper in iron metabolism and heme biosynthesis. In: Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease, Vol. I (A. S. Prasad, ed.). Academic Press, New York, pp. 373–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lippes, J., Zielenzny, M., and Sultz, H. 1973. The effect of copper on loop A. J. Reprod. Med. 10, 166–170.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magee, A. C., and Matrone, G. 1960. Studies on growth: Copper metabolism of rats fed high levels of zinc. J. Nutr. 72, 233–242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, T., and Keilin, D. 1938. Haemocuprein and hepatocuprein, copper protein compounds of blood and liver in mammals. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 126, 303–315.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manzler, A. D., and Schreiner, A. W. 1970. Copper-induced acute hemolytic anemia: A new complication of hemodialysis. Ann. Inter. Med. 73, 409–412.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Markowitz, H., Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1959. Studies on copper metabolism. XXVII. The isolation and properties of an erythrocyte cuproprotein (erythrocuprein). J. Biol. Chem. 234, 40–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, G. M., Derr, M. A. and Benditt, E. P. 1964. Ceruloplasmins of several animal species: Comparison of electrophoretic mobilities and substrate specificity. Lab. Invest. 13, 282–287.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCord, J. M., and Fridovich, I. 1969. Superoxide dismutase: An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). J. Biol. Chem. 244, 6049–6055.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, I., and Warren, P. J. 1961. The copper content of the liver and hair of African children with kwashiorkor. Brit. J. Nutr. 15, 593–596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McHargue, J. S. 1925. The association of copper with substances containing the fat-soluble A vitamin. Amer. J. Physiol. 72, 583–594.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McHargue, J. S. 1926. Further evidence that small quantities of copper, manganese and zinc are factors in the metabolism of animals. Amer. J. Physiol. 77, 245–255.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre, N., Clink, H. M., Levi, A. J., Cumings, J. N., and Sherlock, S. 1967. Hemolytic anemia in Wilson’s disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 276, 439–444.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McMullen, W. 1971. Copper contamination of soft drinks from bottles pourers. Health Bull. Edinburgh 29, 94–96.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menkes, J. H., Alter, M., Steigleder, G. K., Weakley, D. R., and Sung, J. H. 1962. A sex-linked recessive disorder with retardation of growth, peculiar hair and focal cerebral and cerebellar degeneration. Pediatrics 29, 764–779.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, C. F., and Williams, R. B. 1962. Copper concentration and cytochrome oxidase and ribonuclease activities in the brains of copper deficient lambs. Biochem. J. 85, 629–632.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milne, D. B., and Weswig, P. H. 1968. Effect of supplementary copper on blood and liver copper-containing fractions in rats. J. Nutr. 95, 429–433.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Misra, H. P., and Fridovich, I. 1972. The role of Superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for Superoxide dismutase. J. Biol. Chem. 247, 3170–3175.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, H.H., and Hamilton, T. S. 1949. The dermal excretion under controlled environmental conditions of nitrogen and minerals in human subjects, with particular reference to calcium and iron. J. Biol. Chem. 178, 345–361.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mondovi, B., Rotilio, G., Costa, M. T., Finazzi-Agro, A., Chiancone, E., Hansen, R. E., and Beinert, H. 1967. Diamine oxidase from pig kidney: Improved purification and properties. J. Biol. Chem. 242, 1160–1167.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, D. B., and Nash, T. P. 1930. The copper content of infant livers. J. Biol. Chem. 88, 479–483.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moustgaard, J., and Hojgaard-Olsen, N. J. 1951. Nord. Veterinaermed. 3, 763–779.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narayanan, A. S., Siegel, R. C., and Martin, G. R. 1974. Stability and purification of lysyl oxidase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 162, 231–237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neal, W. M., Becker, R. B., and Shealy, A. L. 1931. A natural copper deficiency in cattle rations. Science 74, 418–419.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, A. L. 1944a. On serum copper. III. Normal values. Acta. Med. Scand. 118, 87–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, A. L. 1944b. On serum copper. IV. Pregnancy and parturition. Acta. Med. Scand. 118, 92–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Dell, B. L. 1976. Biochemistry and physiology of copper in vertebrates. In: Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease, Vol. I (A. S. Prasad, ed.). Academic Press, New York, pp. 391–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Dell, B. L., Hardwick, B. C., Reynolds, G., and Savage, J. E. 1961. Connective tissue defect resulting from copper deficiency. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 108, 402–405.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okereke, T., Sternlieb, I., Morell, A. G., and Scheinberg, I. H. 1972. Systemic absorption of intrauterine copper. Science 177, 358–360.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, S., Weber, P. M., Oswald, M., and Shipley, L. 1971. Abnormalities of the physiology of copper in Wilson’s disease. III. The excretion of copper. Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 25, 28–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osaki, S. 1966. Kinetic studies of ferrous ion oxidation with crystalline human ferroxidase (ceruloplasmin). J. Biol. Chem. 241, 5053–5059.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osaki, S., and Walaas, O. 1967. Kinetic studies of ferrous iron oxidation with crystalline human ferroxidase. II. Rate constants at various steps and formation of a possible enzyme-substrate complex. J. Biol. Chem. 242, 2653–2657.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osaki, S., Johnson, D. A., and Frieden, E. 1966. The possible significance of the ferrous oxidase activity of ceruloplasmin in normal human serum. J. Biol. Chem. 241, 2746–2751.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osborn, S. B., and Walshe, J. M. 1967. Studies with radioactive copper (64Cu and 67Cu) in relation to the natural history of Wilson’s disease. Lancet 1, 346–350.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paine, C. H. 1968. Food-poisoning due to copper. Lancet 2, 520.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Partridge, S. M. 1969. Elastin, biosynthesis and structure. Gerontologia 15, 85–100.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Passouant, P., Mirouze, J., Mary, P., Baldy-Moulinier, M., and Mahini, P. 1969. Epilepsie de type psycho-moteur manifestation évolutive d’un cas maladie de Wilson. J. Med. Montpellier 4, 147–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Passwell, J., Cohen, B. E., Ben Bassat, I., Ramot, B., Shchory, M., and Lavi, U. 1970. Hemolysis in Wilson’s disease: The role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Isr. J. Med. Sci. 6, 549–554.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pimentel, J. C., and Marques, F. 1969. “Vineyard sprayer’s lung”: A new occupational disease. Thorax 24, 678–688.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinnell, S. R., and Martin, G. R. 1968. The crosslinking of collagen and elastin: Enzymatic conversion of lysine in peptide linkage to α-amino-adipic-δ-semialdehyde (allysine) by an extract from bone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 61, 708–716.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pomerantz, S. H. 1963. Separation, purification and properties of two tyrosinases from hamster melanoma. J. Biol. Chem. 238, 2351–2357.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, H. 1970. Neonatal hepatic mitochondrocuprein: The nature, submitochondrial localization, and possible function of the copper accumulating physiologically in the liver of newborn animals. In: Trace Element Metabolism in Animals (C. F. Mills, ed.). Livingstone, Edinburgh and London, pp. 237–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, H., Wiener, W., and Barker, M. 1961. The intracellular distribution of copper in immature liver. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 52, 419–423.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, A. S., Oberleas, D., Lei, K. Y., Moghissi, K. S., and Stryker, J. C. 1975. Effect of oral contraceptive agents on nutrients. I. Minerals Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 28, 377–384.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, A. S., Ortega, J., Brewer, G. J., Oberleas, D., and Schoomaker, E. B. 1976. Trace elements in sickle cell disease. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 235, 2396–2398.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, A. S., Brewer, G. J., Schoomaker, E. B., and Rabbani, P. 1978. Hypocupremia induced by large doses of zinc therapy in adults. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Prohaska, J. R., and Wells, W. W. 1974. Copper deficiency in the developing rat brain: A possible model for Menkes’ steely hair disease. J. Neurochem. 23, 91–98.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ragan, H. A., Nacht, S., Lee, G. R., Bishop, C. R., and Cartwright, G. E. 1969. Effect of ceruloplasmin on plasma iron in copper-deficient swine. Amer. J. Physiol. 217, 1320–1323.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinhold, J. G., Kfoury, G. A., Ghalambor, N. A., and Bennett, J. C. 1966. Zinc and copper concentrations in hair of Iranian villagers. Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 18, 294–300.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinhold, J. G., Kfoury, G. A., and Thomas, T. A. 1967. Zinc, copper and iron concentrations in hair and other tissues: Effects of low zinc and low protein intake in rats. J. Nutr. 92, 173–182.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, E. S., Tannen, R. L., and Tyler, H. R. 1966. The renal lesion in Wilson’s disease. Amer. J. Med. 40, 518–527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rimington, C. 1939. Porphyrins and their relation to metabolism of blood pigments. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 32, 1268–1275.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roche-Sicot, J., Sicot, C., Feldmann, G., Rueff, B., and Benhamou, J. P. 1973. The syndrome of acute intravascular hemolysis and acute liver failure as a first manifestation of Wilson’s disease. Digestion 8, 447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roensch, L. F., Savage, J. E., and O’Dell, B. L. 1972. Purification and characterization of tropoelastin from copper deficient chick aorta. Fed. Proc. Fed. Amer. Soc. Exp. Biol. 31, 480 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roeser, H. P., Lee, G. R., Nacht, S., and Cartwright, G. E. 1970. The role of ceruloplasmin in iron metabolism. J. Clin. Invest. 49, 2308–2417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, E. 1949. Copper within the eye: With the report of a case of typical sunflower cataract involving the posterior capsule of the left eye. Amer. J. Ophthalmol. 32, 248–252.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Röttger, H. 1950. Kupfer bei Mutter und Kind. Arch. Gynaekol. 177, 650–660.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rucker, R. B., and Goettlich-Rieman, W. 1972. Properties of rabbit aorta amine oxidase. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 139, 286–289.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rucker, R. B., and O’Dell, B. L. 1971. Connective tissue amine oxidase. I. Purification of bovine aorta amine oxidase and its comparison with plasma amine oxidase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 235, 32–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rucker, R. B., Parker, H. E., and Rogler, J. C. 1969. Effect of copper deficiency on chick bone collagen and selected bone enzymes. J. Nutr. 98, 57–63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russ, E. M., and Raymunt, J. 1956. Influence of estrogens on total serum copper and caeruloplasmin. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 92, 465–466.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sacks, A., Levine, V. E., Hill, F. C., and Hughes, R. C. 1943. Copper and iron in human blood. Arch. Intern. Med. 71, 489–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, M. A., and Wright, T. 1971. Chronic copper poisoning presenting as pink disease. Arch. Dis. Child. 46, 108–110.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandberg, L. B., Weissman, N., and Smith, D. W. 1969. The purification and partial characterization of a soluble elastin-like protein from copper-deficient porcine aorta. Biochemistry 8, 2940–2945.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sass-Kortsak, A. 1965. Copper metabolism. Adv. Clin. Chem. 8, 1–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheinberg, I. H., and Gitlin, D. 1952. Deficiency of ceruloplasmin in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson’s disease). Science 116, 484–485.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheinberg, I. H., and Sternlieb, I. 1959. The liver in Wilson’s disease. Gastroenterology 37, 550–564.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheinberg, I. H., and Sternlieb, I. 1965. Wilson’s disease. Annu. Rev. Med. 16, 119–134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheinberg, I. H., and Sternlieb, I. 1969. Metabolism of trace metals. In: Duncan’s Diseases of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Vol. II, 6th ed. (P. K. Bondy, ed.). Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 1321–1334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheinberg, I. H., and Sternlieb, I. 1976. Copper toxicity and Wilson’s disease. In: Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease, Vol I (A. S. Prasad, ed.). Academic Press, New York, pp. 415–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, H. A., Nason, A. P., Tipton, I. H., and Ballassa, J. J. 1966. Essential trace metals in man: Copper. J. Chronic Dis. 19, 1007–1034.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, W. K., and Lahey, M. E. 1959. Copper and protein depletion complicating hypoferremic anemia of infancy. Pediatrics 24, 710–733.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulman, S. 1968. Wilson’s disease. In: Pathology of the Nervous System, Vol. 1 (J. Minckler, ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 1139–1152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semple, A. B., Parry, W. H., and Phillips, D. E. 1960. Acute copper poisoning: An outbreak traced to contaminated water from a corroded geyser. Lancet 2, 700–701.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, J., Morell, A. G., and Scheinberg, I. H. 1961. A copper-protein of human liver. J. Clin. Invest. 40, 1081.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shields, G. S., Markowitz, H., Klassen, W. H., Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1961. Studies on copper metabolism. XXXI. Erythrocyte copper. J. Clin. Invest. 40, 2007–2015.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shields, G. S., Coulson, W. F., Kimball, D. A., Carnes, W. H., Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1962. Studies on copper metabolism. XXXII. Cardiovascular lesions in copper deficient swine. Amer. J. Pathol. 41, 603–621.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, R. C., Pinnell, S. R., and Martin, G. R. 1970. Crosslinking of collagen and elastin: Properties of lysyl oxidase. Biochemistry 9, 4486–4490.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sjollema, B. 1933. Kupfermangel als Ursache von Krankheiten bei Pflanzen und Tieren. Biochem. Z. 267, 151–156.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sjollema, B. 1937. Kupfermangel als Ursache von Tier-krankheiten. Biochem. Z. 295, 372–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. K., and Mattson, R. H. 1967. Seizures in Wilson’s disease. Neurology 17, 1121–1123.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. W., Weissman, N., and Carnes, W. H. 1968. Cardiovascular studies on copper deficient swine. XII. Partial purification of a soluble protein resembling elastin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 31, 309–315.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. 1967. The distribution of antimony, arsenic, copper and zinc in human tissue. J. Forensic Sci. Soc. 7, 97–102.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sourkes, T. L. 1972. Influence of specific nutrients on catecholamine synthesis and metabolism. Pharmacol. Rev. 24, 349–359.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starcher, B., and Hill, C. H. 1965. Hormonal induction of ceruloplasmin in chicken serum. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 15, 429–434.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sternlieb, I. 1966. The Kayser-Fleischer ring. Med. Radiogr. Photogr. 42, 14–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternlieb, I. 1972. Evolution of the hepatic lesion in Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration). In: Progress in Liver Diseases, Vol. IV (H. Popper and F. Schaffner, eds.). Grune & Stratton, New York, pp. 511–525.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternlieb, I., and Scheinberg, I. H. 1963. The diagnosis of Wilson’s disease in asymptomatic patients. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 183, 747–750.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sternlieb, I., and Scheinberg, I. H. 1964. Penicillamine therapy in hepatotenticular degeneration. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 189, 748–754.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sternlieb, I., and Scheinberg, I. H. 1968. Prevention of Wilson’s disease in asymptomatic patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 278, 352–359.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sternlieb, I., and Scheinberg, I. H. 1974. Wilson’s disease. In: The Liver and Its Diseases (F. Schaffner, S. Sherlock, and C. M. Leevy, eds.). Stratton Intercontinental Medical Book Corp., New York, pp. 328–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternlieb, I., Morell, A. G., Tucker, W. D., Greene, M. W., and Scheinberg, I. H. 1961. The incorporation of copper into ceruloplasmin in vivo: Studies with copper-64 and copper-67. J. Clin. Invest. 40, 1834–1840.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sternlieb, I., Scheinberg, I. H., and Walshe, J. M. 1970. Bleeding oesophageal varices in patients with Wilson’s disease. Lancet 1, 638–641.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sternlieb, I., van den Hamer, C. J. A., Morell, A. G., Alpert, S., Gregoriadis, G., and Scheinberg, I. H. 1973. Lysosomal defect of hepatic copper excretion in Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration). Gastroenterology 64, 99–105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strickland, G. T., and Leu, M. L. 1975. Wilson’s disease: Clinical and laboratory manifestations in 40 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 54, 113–137.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strickland, G. T., Beckner, W. M., Leu, M. L., and O’Reilly, S. 1969. Copper-67 studies in Wilson’s disease patients and their families. Clin Res. 17, 396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturgeon, P., and Brubaker, C. 1956. Copper deficiency in infants: A syndrome characterized by hypocupremia, iron deficiency anemia, and hypoproteinemia. AMA J. Dis. Child. 92, 254–265.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sussman, W., and Scheinberg, I. H. 1969. Disappearance of Kayser-Fleischer rings: Effects of penicillamine. Arch. Ophthalmol. 82, 738–741.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suttle, N. F., and Mills, C. F. 1966a. Studies of the toxicity of copper to pigs. 1. Effects of oral supplements of zinc and iron salts on the development of copper toxicosis. Brit. J. Nutr. 20, 135–148.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suttle, N. F., and Mills, C. F. 1966b. Studies of the toxicity of copper to pigs. 2. Effect of protein source and other dietary components on the response to high and moderate intakes of copper. Brit. J. Nutr. 20, 249–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sykes, B. C., and Partridge, S. M. 1972. Isolation of a soluble elastin from lathyritic chicks. Biochem. J. 130, 1171–1172.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tatum, H. J. 1973. Metallic copper as an intrauterine contraceptive agent. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 117, 602–618.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiers, R. E., and Vallee, B. L. 1957. Distribution of metals in subcellular fractions of rat liver. J. Biol. Chem. 226, 911–920.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tönz, O., Furrer, H. U., and Bangerter, U. 1971. Kupferinduzierte Hämolyse bei Morbus Wilson. Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 101, 1800–1802.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trachtenberg, D. I. 1972. Allergic response to copper—its possible gingival implications. J. Periodontol. 43, 705–707.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Underwood, E. J. 1977. Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, 4th ed. Academic Press, New York, pp. 56–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vallee, B. L. 1954. The time course of serum copper concentrations of patients with myocardial infarctions. Matabolism 1, 420–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Campen, D. R. 1966. Effects of zinc, cadmium, silver and mercury on the absorption and distribution of copper-64 in rats. J. Nutr. 88, 125–130.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Ravesteyn, A. H. 1944. Metabolism of copper in man. Acta Med. Scand. 118, 163–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vilter, R. W., Bozian, R. C., Hess, E. V., Zellner, D. C., and Petering, H. G. 1974. Manifestations of copper deficiency in a patient with systemic sclerosis on intravenous hyperalimentation. N. Engl. J. Med. 291, 188–191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wahal, P. K., Mittal, V. P., and Bansal, O. P. 1965. Renal complications in acute copper sulphate poisoning. Indian Pract. 18, 807–812.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walshe, J. M. 1966. Wilson’s disease: A review. In: Biochemistry of Copper (J. Peisach, P. Aisen, and W. E. Blumberg, eds.). Academic Press, New York, pp. 475–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisiger, R. A., and Fridovich, I. 1973. Superoxide dismutase: Organelle specificity. J. Biol. Chem. 248, 3582–3592.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D. M., Christensen, D. D., Lee, G. R., and Cartwright, G. E. 1974. Serum azideresistant ferroxidase activity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 350, 129–134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willms, B., Blume, K. G., and Löhr, G. W. 1972. Hämolotische Anämie bei Morbus Wilson (Hepatolentikuläre Degeneration). Klin. Wochenschr. 50, 995–1002.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, S. A. K. 1912. Progressive lenticular degeneration: A familial nervous disease associated with cirrhosis of the liver. Brain 34, 295–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wintrobe, M. M. 1961. Clinical Hematology, 5th ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, p. 141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wintrobe, M. M. 1974. Clinical Hematology, 7th ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp. 150–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wintrobe, M. M., Cartwright, G. E., and Gubler, C. J. 1953. Studies on the function and metabolism of copper. J. Nutr. 50, 395–419.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, S. M. 1964. Renal lesions in Wilson’s disease. Lancet 1, 843–845.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamada, H., and Yasunobu, K. T. 1962. Monoamine oxidase. II. Copper, one of the prosthetic groups of plasma monoamine oxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 237, 3077–3082.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zipper, J. A., Tatum, H. J., Pastene, L., Medel, M., and Rivera, M. 1969. Metallic Cu as an intrauterine contraceptive adjunct to the “T” device. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 105, 1274–1278.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zipursky, A., Dempsey, H., Markowitz, H., Cartwright, G. E., and Wintrobe, M. M. 1958. Studies on copper metabolism. XXIV. Hypocupremia in infancy. AMA J. Dis. Child. 95, 148–158.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Prasad, A.S. (1978). Copper. In: Trace Elements and Iron in Human Metabolism. Topics in Hematology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0793-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0793-8_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-0795-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-0793-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics