Skip to main content
  • 232 Accesses

Abstract

In the past, tuberculosis was probably responsible for greater morbidity and mortality than any other infectious disease. In Britain during the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries, it caused so many deaths that it became known as the “white plague” (1). In North America it was a major cause of death until the beginning of this century. The incidence of tuberculosis in Europe and North America has declined markedly in the last few decades as a result of the use of effective case finding and chemotherapy. However, tuberculosis remains a major medical problem in developing countries, causing an estimated 3 million deaths annually (1). In technically advanced countries, partially because of the decreased prevalence and awareness of the disease, tuberculosis is frequently missed or diagnosed late. In some of these countries, 20 to 50% of patients dying of tuberculosis are undiagnosed prior to death (2).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Wolinsky E: Tuberculosis, in Wyngaarden JB, Smith LH Jr(eds): Cecil Textbook of Medicine ed 17. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1985, pp 1620–1630

    Google Scholar 

  2. Citron KM, Girling DJ: Tuberculosis, in Weatherall DJ, Ledingham JGG, Warrell DA (eds): Oxford Textbook of Medicine ed 2. Oxford, England, Oxford University Press, 1987, pp 5.278–5.299

    Google Scholar 

  3. Geppert EF, Lett A: The pathogenesis of pulmonary and miliary tuberculosis. Arch Intern Med 139:1381–1383 1979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Grzybowski S: Tuberculosis and Its prevention. St. Louis, Warren H. Green, Inc, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chaisson RE, Schecter GF, Theuer CP, Rutherford GW, Echenberg DF, Hopewell PC: Tuberculosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 136:570–574, 1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sunderam G, McDonald RJ, Maniatis T, et al: Tuberculosis as a manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). JAMA 256:362–366, 1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Murray JF, Felton CP, Garay SM, Gottlieb MS, Hopewell PC, Stover DE, Teirstein AS: Pulmonary complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Report of a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute workshop. N Engl J Med 310:1682–1688, 1984

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Sbarbaro JA: Tuberculosis. Med Clin North Am 64:417-431, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Stead WW, Kerby GR, Schlueter DP, et al: The clinical spectrum of primary tuberculosis in adults. Ann Intern Med 68:731–745,1968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Woodring JH, Vandiviere HM, Fried AM, Dillon ML, Williams TD, Melvin IG: Update: The radiographic features of pulmonary tuberculosis. AJR 146:497–506 1986

    Google Scholar 

  11. Choyke PL, Sostman HD, Curtis AM, Ravin CE, Chen ITT, Godwin JD, Putman CE: Adult-onset pulmonary tuberculosis. Radiology 148:357–362, 1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Paré JAP, Fraser RG: Synopsis of Diseases of the Chest. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1983, pp 288–302

    Google Scholar 

  13. Weber AL, Bird KT, lanower ML: Primary tuberculosis in childhood with particular emphasis on changes affecting the tracheobronchial tree. AJR 103:123–132, 1968

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Palmer PES: Pulmonary tuberculosis-Usual and unusual radiographic presentations. Semin Roentgenol 14:204–243, 1979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Stead WW, Eichenholz A, Stauss H-K: Operative and pathologic findings in twenty-four patients with syndrome of idiopathic pleurisy with effusion, presumably tuberculosis. Am Rev Tuberc 71:473–502,1955

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dannenberg AM, Tomashefski JF, Jr: Pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis, in: Fishman AP (ed) Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders. New York, 1988, McGraw-Hill Book Co., pp 1821–1842

    Google Scholar 

  17. Allen JC, Apicella MA: Experimental pleural effusion as a manifestation of delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin PPD. J Immunol 101:481–487, 1968.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Berger HW, Mejia E: Tuberculous pleurisy. Chest 63:88–92, 1973

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hill NS: Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. A 33-year-old man with cough, fever, weight loss, and pleuritic pain. N Engl J Med 318: 1257–1267, 1988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Scharer L, McClement JH: Isolation of tubercle bacilli from needle biopsy specimens of parietal pleura. Am Rev Respir Dis 97:466–468, 1968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Levine H, Szanto PB, Cugell DW: Tuberculous pleurisy: An acute illness. Arch Intern Med 122:329–332, 1968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Patiala J, Mattila M: Effect of chemotherapy of exudative tuberculous pleurisy on the incidence of postpleuritic tuberculosis. Acta Tuberc Scand 44:290–295, 1964

    Google Scholar 

  23. Berger HW, Granada MG: Lowerlung field tuberculosis. Chest 65:522–526, 1974

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Naidich DP, McCauley DI, Leitman BS, Genieser NB, Hulnick DH: CT of pulmonary tuberculosis, in Siegelman SS (ed): Computed Tomography of the Chest. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1984, pp 175–217

    Google Scholar 

  25. Munt PW: Miliary tuberculosis in the chemotherapy era: With a clinical review in 69 American adults. Medicine 51:139–155,1971

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Gelb AF, Leffler C, Brewin W, et al: Miliary tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 108:1327–1333, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Linell F, Ostberg G: Tuberculosis in an autopsy matrial: With special reference to cases not discovered until necropsy. Scand J Respir Dis 47:200–208, 1966

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Berger HW, Samortin TG: Miliary tuberculosis: Diagnostic methods with emphasis on the chest reontgenogram. Chest 58:586–589, 1970

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Broacard H: L’evolution des masses caséuses pulmonaires. Rev Tuberc (Paris) 30:894–899, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  30. Sochocky S: Tuberculoma of the lung. Am Rev Tuberc 78:403–410, 1958

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Siegelman SS, Khouri NF, Leo FP, Fishman EK, Braverman RM, Zerhouni EA: Solitary pulmonary nodules: CT assessment. Radiology 160:307–312 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Zerhouni EA, Boukadoum M, Siddiky MA, et al: Standard phantom for quantitated CT analysis of pulmonary nodules. Radiology 149:767–773,1983

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Dock W: Apical localization phthisis. Am Rev Tuberc 53:297–305, 1946

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Goodwin RA, DesPrez RM: Apical localization of pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, and progressive massive fibrosis of the lung. Chest 83:801–805, 1983

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Gurney JW, Schroeder BA: Upper lobe lung disease: Physiologic correlates. Radiology 167:359–366, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Hendin AS, Greenspan RH: Ventilatory pumping of human pulmonary lymphatic vessels. Radiology 108:553-557, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Epstein DM, Kline LR, Albelda SM, Miller WT: Tuberculous pleural effusions. Chest 91:106–109,1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Im J-G, Song KS, Kang HS, Park JH, Yeon KM, Han MC, Kim C-W: Mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis: CT manifestations. Radiology 164: 115–119, 1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Miller WT: Tuberculosis in the adult. Postgrad Radial 1:147–166,1981

    Google Scholar 

  40. Cohen JR, Amorosa JK, Smith PR: The air-fluid level in cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. Radiology 127:315-316, 1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Klein DL, Gamsu G: Thoracic manifestations of aspergillosis.AJR 134:543–552, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Libshitz HI, Atkinson GW, Israel HL: Pleural thickening as a manifestation of Aspergillus superinfection. AJR 120:883–886, 1974

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Tomlinson JR, Sahn SA: Aspergilloma in sarcoid and tuberculosis. Chest 92:505–508, 1987

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Roberts CM, Citron KM, Strickland B: Intrathoracic aspergilloma: Role of CT in diagnosis and treatment. Radiology 165:123–128,1987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Breuer R, Baigelman W, Pugatch RD: Case report: Occult mycetoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 6: 166–168, 1982

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Iseman MD, Corpe RF, O’Brien RF, Rosenzweig DY, Wolinsky E: Disease due to Mycobacterium aviumintracellulare. Chest 87(suppl):1395–1495, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  47. Christensen EE, Dietz GW, Ahn CH, et al: Initial roentgenographic manifestations of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. kansasii and M. intracellularis infections. Chest 80: 132–136, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Albelda SM, Kern JA, Marinelli DL, Miller WT: Expanding spectrum of pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. Radiology 157:289–296 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Christensen EE, Dietz GW, Ahn CH, Chapman JS, Murry RC, Hurst GA: Radiographic manifestations of pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii infections. AJR 131:985–993

    Google Scholar 

  50. Zvetina JR, Demos TC, Maliwan N, Drunen MV, Frederick W, Lentino 1, Modh AM: Pulmonary cavitations in Mycobacterium kansasii: distinctions from M. tuberculosis. AJR 143: 127–130, 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Christensen EE, Dietz GW, Ahn CH, Chapman JS, Murry RC, Anderson J, Hurst GA: Pulmonary manifestations of Mycobacterium intracellularis. AJR 133:59-66, 1979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Tellis CJ, Putnam JS: Pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculosis mycobacteria. Med Clin North Am 64:433–446, 1980

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Fournier AM, Dickinson GM, Erdfrocht IR, Cleary T, Fischl MA: Tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in patients with AIDS. Chest 93:772–775 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Wallace JM, Hannah JB: Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A clinicopathologic study. Chest 93:926–932, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Young LS: Mycobacterium avium complex infection. J Infect Dis 157:863–867, 1988

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Horsburgh CR Jr, Mason DG III, Farhi DC, Iseman MD: Disseminated infection with Mycobacterium aviumintracellulare. Medicine 64:36–50,1985

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Armstrong D, Gold JWM, Dryjanski J, Whimbey E, Polsky B, Hawkins C, Brown AE, Bernard E, Kiehn TE: Treatment of infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 103:738-743, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Young LS, Inderlied CB, Berlin OG, Gottlieb MS: Mycobacterial infections in AIDS patients, with an emphasis on the Mycobacterium avium complex. Rev Infect Dis 8:1024–1033,1986

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kiehn TE, Edwards FF, Brannon P, Tsang AY, Maio M, Gold J, et al: Infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex in immunocompromised patients: Diagnosis by blood culture and fecal examination, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, and morphological and seroagglutination characteristics. J Clin Microbiol 21: 168–173, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Hawkins CC, Gold JW, Whimbey E, Kiehn TE, Brannon P, Cammarata R, et al: Mycobacterium avium complex infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 105:184–188,1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Naidich DP, Garay SM, Leitman BS, McCauley DI: Radiographic manifestations of pulmonary disease in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Semin Roentgenol 22:14–30, 1987

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Macher AM, Kovacs JA, Vee G, et al: Bacteremia due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 99:782–785 1983

    Google Scholar 

  63. Pitchenik AE, Cole C, Russell BW, et al: Tuberculosis, atypical mycobacteriosis, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among Haitian and non-Haitian patients in South Florida. Ann Intern Med 101:641–646 1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Pitchenik AE, Rubinson HA: The radiographic appearance of tuberculosis in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and pre-AIDS. Am Rev Respir Dis 131:393–396, 1985

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Hill CA: Thoracic tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis, MERosis, and BCGosis in a cancer treatment center. Radiology 153:311–316,1984

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Müller, N.L. (1990). Pulmonary Tuberculosis. In: Sperber, M. (eds) Radiologic Diagnosis of Chest Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0347-3_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0347-3_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-0349-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-0347-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics