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Petrographic Classification and Glossary

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Sand and Sandstone

Part of the book series: Springer Study Edition ((SSE))

Abstract

There are three major types of sand: terrigenous, carbonate, and pyroclastic. Terrigenous sands are most abundant and are all ultimately derived from outside the basin of deposition by erosion of pre-existing crystalline, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks and, except for eolianites, are all deposited by water. Silicates predominate. Carbonate sands are virtually all deposited in marine waters and consist primarily of skeletal grains, oolites plus other coated grains, some locally derived detrital carbonate called intraclasts, and terrigenous carbonate. The latter is really a terrigenous sand, and not abundant except where there is very rapid erosion of thick carbonate sections in orogenic belts or in some glacial situations. Pyroclastic sands are those derived directly from volcanic explosion as, for example, ash, lapilli, and bombs. They may be deposited on either land or in water. Pyroclastic sands are less abundant than either terrigenous or carbonate sands. The term volcaniclastic is also applied to some sediments and refers to clastic materials rich in volcanic debris which may be either of pyroclastic origin or a normal terrigenous (epiclastic) sand derived from an older volcanic terrane.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Johns Hopkins University, 21218, Baltimore, MD, USA

    F. J. Pettijohn (Professor of Geology)

  2. University of Cincinnati, 45221, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Paul Edwin Potter (Professor of Geology)

  3. Harvard University, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Raymond Siever (Professor of Geology)

Authors
  1. F. J. Pettijohn
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  2. Paul Edwin Potter
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  3. Raymond Siever
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© 1972 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

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Pettijohn, F.J., Potter, P.E., Siever, R. (1972). Petrographic Classification and Glossary. In: Sand and Sandstone. Springer Study Edition. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9974-6_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9974-6_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-90071-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9974-6

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