Skip to main content

Electrons, Interfaces, and Societies in the 21st Century

  • Chapter
Electrochemistry in Transition

Abstract

Electrochemistry is still, in a sense, a little known subject. When people talk about the fuel cells which give the energy aboard space vehicles, they talk about “an electronic device.” One of the difficulties electrochemistry has is, where to fit in. On the fundamental side it has contributions from so many areas. There comes the quantum mechanics of interfacial electron transfer, the surface chemistry, the consequences of the presence of very strong interfacial fields, the structure of the surface of metals, and the solid-state chemistry of semiconductors. Then, there is the huge area of biology subject to interpretation in terms of electrochemical mechanisms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. G. Wenglowski, in: Modem Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 4 (J. O’M. Bockris and B. E. Conway, eds.), p. 251, Plenum Press, New York, (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  2. E. Justi and A. Winsel, Kalte Verbrennurg, Verlag Chemie, Munich (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  3. A. J. Allmand and H. J. T. Ellingham, The Principles of Applied Electrochemistry, Arnold, London (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electroanal. Chem. 9, 408 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. O’M. Bockris, J. Chem. Ed. 48, 352 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. O’M. Bockris and A. K. N. Reddy, Modem Electrochemistry, Plenum Press, New York (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  7. J. O’M. Bockris, Proc. Roy. Aust. Chem. Inst. 1977, 19.

    Google Scholar 

  8. J. O’M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, and E. Yeager (eds.). Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Plenum Press, New York (1979–1985).

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. O’M. Bockris and D. C. Lowe, J. Sci. Instmm. 30, 403 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. E. Blomgren and J. O’M. Bockris, Rev. Sci. Instmm. 32, 11 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. E. Blomgren and J. O’M. Bockris, Nature 186, 305 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. M. A. Habib and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 132, 108 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. K. Chandreasekaran and J. O’M. Bockris, Surf Sci. 185, 495 (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. V. Jovancicevic and J. O’M. Bockris, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58, 1251 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. J. W. Tomlinson, D. C. Lowe, G. W. Meilors, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Sci. Instrum. 31, 107 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. H. G. Effemy, D. F. Parsons, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Sci. Instrum. 32, 99 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. C. A. Angell and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Sci. Instrum. 35, 458 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. W. Beck, J. O’M. Bockris, J. McBreen, and L. Nannis, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A 290, 220 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Damjanovic, T. H. V. Setty, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 113, 429 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. O’M. Bockris, S. Srinivasan, and M. A. V. Devanathan, J. Electroanal. Chem. 6, 205 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. J. O’M. Bockris, J. Bowler-Reed, and J. A. Kitchener, Trans. Faraday Soc. 47, 184 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J. O’M. Bockris and H. Eagan, Trans. Faraday Soc. 44, 151 (1948).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. B. E. Conway, J. O’M. Bockris, and H. Linton, J. Chem. Phys. 24, 834 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. R. S. Bradley, Trans. Faraday Soc. 53, 687 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. B. E. Conway and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Chem. Phys. 28, 354 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. M. Eigen and L. DeMoyer, J. Chem. Phys. 31, 1134 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. B. E. Conway and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Chem. Phys. 31, 1133 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Eigen and L. DeMoyer, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A 247, 505 (1958); M. Eigen and L. DeMoyer, in: The Structure of Electrolytic Solutions (J. Hamer, ed.). Chapter 5, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. A. Borucka, J. O’M. Bockris, and J. A. Kitchener, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A 241, 554 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. J. O’M. Bockris and N. E. Richards, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A 241, 44 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. R. Furth, Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 37, 252 (1941).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. L. Nannis and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Phys. Chem. 67, 2865 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. T. Emi and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Phys. Chem. 74, 159 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. M. Tanaka, K. Balasubramanyan, and J. O’M. Bockris, Electrochim. Acta 8, 621 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. D. Inman and J. O’M. Bockris, Can. J. Chem. 39, 1161 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. D. Inman, A. K. N. Reddy, S. Srinivasan, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electroanal. Chem. 5, 476 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. M. K. Nagajaran and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Phys. Chem. 70, 1854 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. J. O’M. Bockris and D. C. Lowe, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A 226, 423 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. J. O’M. Bockris, J. D. Mackenzie, and J. A. Kitchener, Trans. Faraday Soc. 51, 1734 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. W. Eitel, The Physical Chemistry of Silicates (German edition 1929 and 1941), American edition. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  41. W. H. Zachariasen, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 54, 3841 (1932).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. J. O’M. Bockris, J. A. Kitchener, S. Ignatowicz, and J. W. Tomlinson, Discuss. Faraday Soc. 4, 265 (1948).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. J. O’M. Bockris, J. A. Kitchener, S. Ignatowicz, and J. W. Tomlinson, Trans. Faraday Soc. 48, 75 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. J. O’M. Bockris, J. A. Kitchener, and A. E. Davies, J. Chem. Phys. 19, 225 (1951).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. J. O’M. Bockris and D. C. Lowe, J. Sci. Instrum. 30, 403 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. J. O’M. Bockris and D. C. Lowe, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A 226, 423 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. J. O’M. Bockris, J. D. MacKenzie, and J. A. Kitchener, Trans. Faraday Soc. 51, 17334 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  48. J. W. Tomlinson, J. L. White and J. O’M. Bockris, Trans. Faraday Soc. 52, 299 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. J. W. Tomlinson, M. S. R. Heyenes, and J. O’M. Bockris, Trans. Faraday Soc. 54, 1822 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. B. E. Conway, J. O’M. Bockris, and I. A. Ammar, Trans. Faraday Soc. 47, 756 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. T. J. Webb, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 48, 1589 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  52. F. Booth, J. Chem. Phys. 19, 391 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. J. O’M. Bockris, W. Mehl, B. E. Conway, and L. Young, J. Chem. Phys. 25, 776 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. E. Blomgren and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Phys. Chem. 63, 1475 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. J. O’M. Bockris and D. A. J. Swinkels, J. Electrochem. Soc. 111, 736 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. J. O’M. Bockris, M. A. V. Devanathan, and K. Müller, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A 274, 55 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. P. Zelenay, M. A. Habib, and J. O’M. Bockris, Langmuir 1, 293 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  58. F. Bitter, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A 145, 629 (1934).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. M. A. V. Devanathan, Trans. Faraday Soc. 50, 373 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. J. R. Macdonald and C. A. Barlow, J. Chem. Phys. 36, 3062 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. N. F. Mott and R. J. Watts-Tobin, Electrochim. Acta 4, 79 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. J. O’M. Bockris, E. Gileadi, and K. Müller, Electrochim. Acta 12, 1301 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. J. O’M. Bockris and S. Argade, J. Chem. Phys. 49, 5133 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. S. Trasatti, J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem. 52, 313 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. J. O’M. Bockris and M. A. Habib, J. Electroanal. Chem. 65, 473 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. B. E. Conway and L. G. M. Gordon, J. Phys. Chem. 73, 3609 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. G. J. Hills and R. Payne, Trans. Faraday Soc. 61, 326 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. R. Parsons, J. Electroanal. Chem. 59, 229 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. B. B. Damaskin and A. N. Frumkin, Electrochim. Acta 19, 173 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. R. Guidelli, J. Electroanal. Chem. 110, 205 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. J. O’M. Bockris and M. A. Habib, J. Electrochem. Soc. 123, 24 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. S. Levine, G. M. Bell, and D. Calvert, J. Chem. Phys. 40, 518 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. J. O’M. Bockris and M. A. Habib, Z. Phys. Chem. 98, 43 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. J. O’M. Bockris and M. A. Habib, J. Res. Inst. Cataly., Hokkaido Univ. 23, 47 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. J. O’M. Bockris and M. A. Habib, J. Electroanal. Chem. 68, 367 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. E. Lange and K. D. Miscenko, Z. Phys. Chem. A149, 1 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  77. W. Schmickler and D. Henderson, J. Chem. Phys. 80, 3381 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. W. Schmickler and D. Henderson, J. Chem. Phys. 85, 1650 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. J. O’M. Bockris and A. K. N. Reddy, Modem Electrochemistry, Chapter 1, Plenum Press, New York (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  80. J. O’M. Bockris and M. A. Habib, Electrochim. Acta 22, 41 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. J. T. Law, Ph.D. thesis. Royal College of Science, London (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  82. M. Fleischmann, S. Pons, and M. Hawkins, J. Electroanal. Chem. 261, 301 (1989); erratum 263, 187 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. N. J. C. Packham, K. L. Wolf, J. C. Wass, R. C. Kainthla, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electroanal. Chem. 270, 451 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. R. D. Armstrong, E. A. Charles, I. Fells, L. Molyneaux, and M. Todd, J. Electroanal. Chem. 272, 293 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. R. D. Petrasso, X. Chen, K. W. Wenzel, R. R. Parker, C. K. Li, and C. Fiore, Nature 339, 667 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. M. Gai, S. L. Rugari, R. H. France, B. J. Lund, Z. Zhae, A. J. Davenport, H. S. Isaacs, and K. G. Lynn, Nature 340, 29 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. N. S. Lewis and M. Wrighton, Nature 340, 525 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. K. L. Wolf, Proceedings of the EPRI/NSF Workshop on Gold Fusion Phenomena, Washington, D.C., October, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  89. S. Srinivasan and A. J. Appleby, Proceedings of the EPRI/NSF Conference on Cold Fusion Phenomena, Washington, D.C., October, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  90. M. McKubre, private communicatioan to N. J. C. Packham (February 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  91. R. A. Oriani, J. C. Nelson, S. K. Lee, and J. H. Broadhurst (in press) (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  92. R. Huggins, private communication to N. J. C. Packham (January 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  93. M. E. Wadsworth, S. Guruswamy, J. G. Byrne and J. Li, Proceedings of the DOE Workshop on Cold Fusion Phenomena, Santa Fe, New Mexico, May, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  94. R. Champion, private communication to J. O’M. Bockris (September 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  95. G. J. Schoessow and J. A. Wethington, private communication to N. J. C. Packham (May 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  96. K. L. Wolf, N. J. C. Packham, D. E. Lawson, J. Shoemaker, F. Cheng, and J. C. Wass, Proceedings of the DOE Workshop on Cold Fusion Phenomena, Santa Fe, New Mexico, May, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  97. E. Storms and C. Talcott, J. Fusion Tech., in press (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  98. Government of India, Atomic Energy Commission Report BARC-1500 (P. K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, eds.), September (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  99. R. Adzic, private communication to N. J. C. Packham (February 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  100. J. M. Malo, J. Morales, B. Zamora, F. P. Ramirez, and O. Novaro, private communication to N. J. C. Packham, August (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  101. S. Guruswamy, private communication to N. J. C. Packham, November (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  102. C. D. Scott, J. E. Mrochek, E. Newman, T. C. Scott, G. E. Michaels, and M. Petek, Department of Energy Report ORNL/TM-11322, November (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  103. D. R. Rolison and W. E. O’Grady, Science (in press) (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  104. R. Taniguchi, T. Yamamoto, and S. Irie, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28, 2021 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. N. Wada and K. Nishizawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28, 2017 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. H. O. Menlove, M. M. Fowler, E. Garcia, A. Mayer, M. C. Miller, R. R. Ryan, and S. E. Jones, Department of Energy Report LANL-LAUR:89–1974.

    Google Scholar 

  107. R. J. Beuhler, G. Friedlander, and L. Friedman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1292 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. G. H. Lin, R. C. Kainthla, N. J. C. Packham, O. Velev, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electroanal. Chem. 289, 451 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  109. P. K. Subramanyan and J. O’M. Bockris, Electrochim. Acta 16, 2169 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. K. I. Popov and M. D. Maksimovic, in: Modem Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 19 (B. E. Conway, J. O’M. Bockris, and R. E. White, eds.), p. 193, Plenum Press, New York (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  111. R. A. Oppenheimer and M. Phillips, Phys. Rev. 48, 520 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. R. A. Marcus, J. Chem. Phys. 24, 966 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. J. O’M. Bockris, S. U. M. Khan, and D. B. Mathews, J. Res. Inst. Catal, Hokkaido Univ. 22, 1 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  114. P. Delahay, V. Burg, and A. Dziedzic, Chem. Phys. Lett. 79, 157 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. P. Delahay, Chem. Phys. Lett. 87, 607 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. S. U. M. Khan and J. O’M. Bockris, Chem. Phys. Lett. 99, 2599 (1983).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. R. A. Marcus, J. Chem. Phys. 43, 679 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. L. I. Krishtalik, Charge Transfer Reactions in Electrochemical and Chemical Processes, Consultants Bureau, New York (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  119. H. Gerischer, in: Physical Chemistry: An Advanced Treatise, Vol. 9A (H. Eyring, ed.). Academic Press, New York (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  120. H. Gerischer, Z. Phys. Chem. 26, 223 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. J. O’M. Bockris and S. U. M. Khan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 913 (1984).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. R. Parsons and J. O’M. Bockris, Trans. Faraday Soc. 47, 914 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. H. Gerischer and W. Eckardt, Appl. Phys. Lett. 43, 393 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. J. O’M. Bockris and S. U. M. Khan, Quantum Electrochemistry, Plenum Press, New York (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  125. S. U. M. Khan and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Phys. Chem. 87, 2599 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. J. O’M. Bockris and A. M. Azzam, Trans. Faraday Soc. 48, 45 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  127. M. J. Weaver, J. Phys. Chem. 83, 1748 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. A. J. Appleby, J. O’M. Bockris, R. K. Sen, and B. E. Conway, Electrochemistry, Vol. 6 (J. O’M. Bockris, ed.), Butterworths, London (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  129. B. E. Conway, in: Modem Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 16 (B. E. Conway, J. O’M. Bockris, and R. E. White, eds.), p. 103, Plenum Press, New York (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  130. J. O’M. Bockris and A. Gochev, J. Phys. Chem. 90, 5232 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. A. K. N. Reddy, M. A. V. Devanathan, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electroanal. Chem. 6, 61 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. A. K. N. Reddy, M. A. Genshaw, and J. O’M. Bockris, J Chem. Phys. 48, 671 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. A. K. N. Reddy, M. A. V. Devanathan, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electroanal. Chem. 8, 406 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. J. O’M. Bockris, M. A. Genshaw, and V. Brusic, Symp. Faraday Soc. 4, 177 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. Y. C. Chiu and M. A. Genshaw, J. Phys. Chem. 72, 4225 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  136. Y. C. Chiu and M. A. Genshaw, J. Phys. Chem. 73, 3571 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. W. K. Paik, M. A. Genshaw, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Phys. Chem. 74, 4266 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  138. W. K. Paik and J. O’M. Bockris, Surf Sci. 28, 61 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. W. K. Paik and J. O’M. Bockris, Surf Sci. 27, 191 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. W. K. Paik and J. O’M. Bockris, Surf Sci. 33, 617 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. R. W. Revie, B. G. Baker, and J. O’M. Bockris, Surf Sci. 52, 664 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. B. G. Baker, J. O’M. Bockris, and R. W. Revie, J. Electrochem. Soc. 122, 1460 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  143. O. J. Murphy, J. O’M. Bockris, T. E. Pou, D. L. Cocke, and G. Sparrow, J. Electrochem. Soc. 129, 2149 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. T. E. Pou, O. J. Murphy, V. Young, J. O’M. Bockris, and L. L. Tongsen, J. Electrochem. Soc. 131, 1243 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. V. Jovancicevic, J. O’M. Bockris, J. L. Carbajal, P. Zelenay, and T. Mizuno, J. Electrochem. Soc. 133, 2219 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. V. Jovancicevic, R. C. Kainthla, Z. Tang, B. Yang, and J. O’M. Bockris, Langmuir 3, 388 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. H. Neugebauer, G. Nauer, N. Brinda-Konopik, and G. Gidaly, J. Electroanal. Chem. 122, 381 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. A. Bewick, K. Kunimatsu, and S. B. Pons, Electrochim. Acta 25, 465 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. M. A. Habib and J. O’M. Bockris, Langmuir 2, 388 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. K. Chandrasekaran and J. O’M. Bockris, Surface Sci. 185, 495 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. J. O’M. Bockris, J. L. Carbajal, B. R. Scharifker, and K. Chandrasekaran, J. Electrochem. Soc. 134, 1957 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. A. Fujishima and K. Honda, Nature 283, 37 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  153. A. Fujishima, K. Kohayakama, and K. Honda, J. Electrochem. Soc. 122, 1487 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. J. O’M. Bockris and K. Uosaki, Energy 1, 143 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. J. O’M. Bockris and K. Uosaki, J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 98 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. J. O’M. Bockris and K. Uosaki, J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 1346 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  157. K. Ohashi, K. Uosaki, and J. O’M. Bockris, Energy Res. 1, 25 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. J. O’M. Bockris and K. Uosaki, J. Electrochem. Soc. 125, 223 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. K. Ohashi, J. McCann, and J. O’M. Bockris, Energy Res. 1, 259 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. V. Guruswamy, G. Hildreth, O. J. Murphy, and J. O’M. Bockris, Sol. Energy Mater. 6, 43 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. M. Szklarczyk and J. O’M. Bockris, Appl. Phys. Lett. 42, 1035 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. J. O’M. Bockris and M. Szklarczyk, Appl. Phys. Commun. 2, 295 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. J. O’M. Bockris, S. U. M. Khan, O. J. Murphy, and M. Szklarczyk, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 9, 243 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. M. Szklarczyk and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Phys. Chem. 88, 1808 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. J. O’M. Bockris, M. Szklarczyk, A. Q. Contractor, and S. U. M. Khan, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 9, 741 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. M. Szklarczyk and J. O’M. Bockris, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 9, 831 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. M. Szklarczyk and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Phys. Chem. 88, 1808 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. A. Heller and R. G. Vadimsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 1153 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. A. Heller, E. Aharon-Shalom, W. A. Bonner, and B. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 6942 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Y. Nakato, T. Ohinshi, and H. Tsubomura, Chem. Lett. 1975, 863.

    Google Scholar 

  171. Y. Nakato, S. Tonomura, and J. Tsubomura, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 80, 1002 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. W. Kautek, J. H. Gobrecht, and J. Gerischer, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 84, 1034 (1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. M. Szklarczyk, J. O’M. Bockris, V. Brusic, and G. Sparrow, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 9, 707 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. J. O’M. Bockris and R. C. Kainthla, J. Phys. Chem. 89, 2963 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. A. Heller, J. Phys. Chem. 89, 2962 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. A. Q. Contractor and J. O’M. Bockris, Electrochim. Acta 32, 121 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. S. U. M. Khan and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Phys. Chem. 88, 2504 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. R. C. Kainthla, S. U. M. Khan, and J. O’M. Bockris, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 12, 381 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. K. L. Chopra, R. C. Kainthla, D. K. Pandya, and A. P. Thakoor, Phys. Solid Films 12, 167 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. R. C. Kainthla, B. Zelenay, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 134, 841 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. O. J. Murphy and J. O’M. Bockris, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 9, 557 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. W. T. Grubb, Nature 198, 883 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. F. P. Bowden and E. K. Rideal, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A 120, 59 (1928).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. E. Baers, Sitzb. Ges. Beford. Ges. Naturw. 63, 213 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  185. H. Wroblowa and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electroanal. Chem. 7, 428 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  186. D. B. Sepa, A. Damjanovic, and J. O’M. Bockris, Electrochim. Acta 12, 764 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  187. J. McHardy and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 120, 53 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. J. McHardy and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 120, 61 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  189. V. S. Bagotzskii, L. S. Kanevskii, and V. Sh. Palanker, Electrochim. Acta 18, 473 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  190. J. O’M. Bockris and B. E. Conway, Trans. Faraday Soc. 45, 989 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. J. O’M. Bockris, R. Parsons, and H. Rosenberg, Trans. Faraday Soc. 47, 766 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. J. O’M. Bockris and E. C. Potter, J. Electrochem. Soc. 99, 169 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. J. O’M. Bockris and A. K. M. S. Huq, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A 237, 277 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. B. E. Conway and J. O’M. Bockris, J Chem. Phys. 26, 532 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. J. O’M. Bockris, Z. Electrochem. 55, 105 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. A. Damjanovic, M. A. Genshaw, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Chem. Phys. 45, 4057 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. H. S. Wroblowa, Y. C. Pan, and G. Razumney, J. Electroanal. Chem. 69, 195 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. V. S. Bagotskii, M. R. Sukhotin, and V. Yu Filinovskii, Elektrokhimiya 5, 1218 (1969); 8, 84 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. J. O’M. Bockris and T. Ottagawa, J. Phys. Chem. 87, 2960 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. T. Ottagawa and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 129, 2391 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  201. V. Jovancicevic and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 133, 1797 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. S. Srinivasan, H. D. Hurwitz, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Chem. Phys. 46, 3108 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. J. O’M. Bockris and B. D. Cahan, J. Chem. Phys. 50, 1307 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. J. O’M. Bockris and S. Srinivasan, Fuel Cells: Their Electrochemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  205. J. O’M. Bockris and A. J. Appleby, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 6, 1 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  206. J. Ghoroghchian and J. O’M. Bockris, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 10, 101 (1984).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  207. W. Mehl and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Chem. Phys. 27, 818 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. B. E. Conway and J. O’M. Bockris, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A 248, 304 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  209. I. N. Stranski, Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 136, 259 (1928).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. J. O’M. Bockris and G. A. Razumney, Fundamental Aspects of Electrocrystallization, Plenum Press, New York (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  211. J. O’M. Bockris, D. M. Dražić, and A. R. Despić, Electrochim. Acta 4, 325 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. D. M. Dražić, in: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 19 (B. G. Conway, J. O’M. Bockris, and R. E. White, eds.), p. 69, Plenum Press, New York (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  213. J. Barton and J. O’M. Bockris, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 268, 484 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  214. A. R. Despić, R. G. Raicheff, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Chem. Phys. 49, 926 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  215. J. O’M. Bockris, Z. Nagy, and D. Dražić, J. Electrochem. Soc. 120, 30 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. J. O’M. Bockris and R. Parry-Jones, Nature 171, 930 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. J. O’M. Bockris and S. D. Argade, J. Chem. Phys. 50, 1622 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. J. O’M. Bockris and R. K. Sen, Surf Sci 30, 237 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. A. T. K’hn, H. Wroblowa, and J. O’M. Bockris, Trans. Faraday Soc. 63, 1458 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  220. O. J. Murphy, J. O’M. Bockris, and D. W. Later, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 10, 435 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  221. L. F. Oldfield and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Phys. Coll. and Chem. 55, 1255 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. H. Dahms and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 111, 728 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. J. W. Johnson, H. Wroblowa, and J. O’M. Bockris, Electrochim. Acta 9, 639 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. J. O’M. Bockris, B. J. Piersma, and E. Gileadi, Electrochim. Acta 9, 1329 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. J. O’M. Bockris, H. Wroblowa, E. Gileadi, and B. J. Piersma, Trans. Faraday Soc. 61, 2531 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. E. Gileadi, G. Stoner, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 113, 585 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. J. O’M. Bockris, E. Gileadi, and G. Stoner, J Phys. Chem. 73, 427 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. J. O’M. Bockris and D. Miller, Proceedings of the Workshop Held at Sintra, Portugal, July 1986, pp. 1–36 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  229. D. Miller and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. (accepted for publication) (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  230. J. Johnson, H. Wroblowa, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 111, 863 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. J. O’M. Bockris and S. Srinivasan, Nature 215, 197 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. B. Rosenerg, J. Chem. Phys. 36, 816 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  233. J. O’M. Bockris, Nature 224, 775 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. J. O’M. Bockris and M. Shuaib, Trans. SAEST 13, 4 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  235. J. O’M. Bockris, F. Gutmann, and M. A. Habib, J. Biol. Phys. 13, 3 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. A. Szucs, G. D. Hitchens, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electroanal. Chem. 275, 133 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  237. P. R. C. Gascoyne, R. Pethig, and A. Szent-Gyorgyi, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 261 (1981).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. J. O’M. Bockris, in: Modem Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 1 (J. O’M. Bockris and B. E. Conway, eds.), pp. 180–275, Butterworths, London (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  239. N. Smyrl, in: Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry, Vol. 2 (J. O’M. Bockris, B. E. Conway, E. Yeager, and R. E. White, eds.), pp. 97–147, Plenum Press, New York (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  240. W. E. O’Grady and J. O’M. Bockris, Chem. Phys. Lett. 5, 116 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  241. J. O’M. Bockris, A. Damjanovic, and W. E. O’Grady, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 34, 387 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. W. E. O’Grady and J. O’M. Bockris, Surf Sci. 38, 249 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  243. R. Prados and M. L. Good, Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 33, 3733 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. J. O’M. Bockris, Corros. Sci. 29, 291 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. A. T. Hubbard, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 3, 201 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. R. W. Revie, B. G. Baker, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 122, 1460 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. O. J. Murphy, J. O’M. Bockris, T. E. Pou, D. L. Cocke, and G. Sparrow, J. Electrochem. Soc. 121, 2149 (1982).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  248. O. J. Murphy, T. E. Pou, J. O’M. Bockris, and L. L. Tongson, J. Electrochem. Soc. 131, 2785 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. D. L. Cocke, O. Mendoza, B. A. Horrell, R. E. White, and D. G. Naugle, Proceedings of the Advanced Materials Conference II, Denver, March 6–9, 1989, p. 557.

    Google Scholar 

  250. V. Jovancicevic, J. O’M. Bockris, J. Carbajal, P. Zelenay, and T. Mizuno, J Electrochem. Soc. 133, 2219 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. J. O’M. Bockris and B. E. Conway, Experientia 3, 454 (1943).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  252. V. Jovancicevic, B. Yang, and J. O’M. Bockris, Electrochim. Acta 32, 557 (1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  253. M. A. V. Devanathan and Z. O. M. Stachurski, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A 270, 90 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. A. Frumkin and N. Aladjalowa, Acta Physiochim. 19, 1 (1944).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. J. O’M. Bockris and P. K. Supramaniam, Scr. Metall 6, 947 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. W. Beck, J. McBreen, J. O’M. Bockris, and L. Nannis, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. A 290, 220 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. J. O’M. Bockris, J. McBreen, and L. Nannis, J. Electrochem. Soc. 112, 1025 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. J. O’M. Bockris and P. K. Subramanian, J. Electrochem. Soc. 118, 1114 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. J. O’M. Bockris and P. K. Subramanian, Electrochim. Acta 16, 2169 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. W. Beck, J. O’M. Bockris, M. A. Genshaw, and P. K. Subramanian, Metall Trans. 2, 883 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  261. H. J. Flitt, W. R. Revie, and J. O’M. Bockris, Corros. Australasia 1, 4 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  262. H. J. Flitt, J. Pezy, and J. O’M. Bockris, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 8, 39 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. J. O’M. Bockris, J. L. Carbajal, B. R. Scharifker, and K. Chandrasekaran, J. Electrochem. Soc. 134, 1957 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. J. O’M. Bockris and B. Dandapani, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 12, 439 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  265. J. O’M. Bockris, B. Dandapani, and J. C. Wass, in: Advances in Solar Energy 5 (K. W. Boer, ed.), p. 171, Plenum Press, New York (1989).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  266. J. O’M. Bockris, J. C. Wass, and N. J. C. Packham, in: Hydrogen Energy Systems VII, Proc. 7th WHEC Pergamon, Oxford (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  267. J. O’M. Bockris, Energy Options, Halsted Press, New York (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  268. T. N. Veziroglu, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 12, 99 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. J. O’M. Bockris, Environment 13, 51 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  270. J. O’M. Bockris and J. Appleby, Environment This Month 1, 29 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  271. J. O’M. Bockris, Energy: The Solar-Hydrogen Alternative, Halsted Press, New York (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  272. J. O’M. Bockris, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 13, 489 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. M. Szklarczyk, R. C. Kainthla, and J. O’M. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 136, 2512 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bockris, J.O. (1992). Electrons, Interfaces, and Societies in the 21st Century. In: Murphy, O.J., Srinivasan, S., Conway, B.E. (eds) Electrochemistry in Transition. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9576-2_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9576-2_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9578-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9576-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics