Skip to main content

Modifications of Molecular Size and Structure During the Hydrolytic Polycondensation of Metal Alkoxides

  • Chapter
  • 122 Accesses

Abstract

Inorganic materials, such as ceramics and glasses, are traditionally formed by thermal processes. Application of heat has been such an integral part of their formation that the scientific definition of the very materials often refers to this fact, e. g., product of fusion, etc. Recently, it has been demonstrated that inorganic networks of ceramics and glasses can also be formed by low temperature chemical polymerization. In the latter cases high temperature reactions which limit the glass formation can be avoided. More importantly, molecular-structural variations can be introduced into the polymeric structure, allowing property modifications without compositional alterations. These nonequilibrium conditions are found to be quite stable even in relatively high temperatures.

In this paper, hydrolytic polycondensation of metal alkoxides and alkoxysilanes is reviewed within the context of forming inorganic networks and modifying such networks. Since the paper is intended to be an overview, it contains extensive quotations from this author’s previous works in the field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Roy, R., J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., (1959) 39 (4), 145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Mazdiyasni, K. S.; Linch, C. T.; Smith, J. S., J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., (1965) 48 (7), 372.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Schroder, H., Optica Acta, (1962) 9 (3), 249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Yoldas, B. E., J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., Amer. Ceram. Soc. Bull., (1975) 54

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Idem, J., Mater. Sci., (1977) 12, 1203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Idem, ibid, (1979) 14, 1843.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Zarzycki, J.; Prassas, M.; Phalippou, J., J. Mat. Sci., (1982) 17, 3371.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tewari, P. H.; Hunt, A. J.; Lofftus, K. D., Materials Letters, (1985) 3 (9), 363.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hench, L. L.; Wang, S. H.; Park, S. C., SPIE Advanced Optical Materials, (1984) 505, 90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Yoldas, B. E.; O’Keeffe, T. W., Applied Optics, (1971) 18 (18), 3133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yoldas, B. E. ibid, (1982) 21 (16), 2960.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Brinker, C. J.; Mukherjee, S. P., Thin Solid Films, (1981) 77, 141.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Yoldas, B. E.; Partlow, D. P., Thin Solid Films, (1985) 129, 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Sakka, S; Kamiya, K. J., Non-Cryst. Solids, (1980) 42, 403.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Artaki, I.; Sinka, S.; Irwin, A. D.; Jonas, J., J. Non-Cryst. Solids, (1985) 72, 391.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Brinker, C. J.; Scherer, G. W.; Roth, E. P., J. Non-Cryst. Solids, (1985) 72, 345.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Yamani, M.; Aso, S.; Okano, S.; Sakaino, T., J. Mat. Sci., (1979) 14, 607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Klein, L. C.; Garvey, G. J., J. Non-Cryst. Solids, (1982) 48, 97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mukherjee, S. P., J. Non-Cryst. Solids, (1980) 41, 477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Mackenzie, J. D., J. Non-Cryst. Solids, (1982) 48, 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Yoldas, B. E., J. Non-Cryst. Solids, (1982) 51, 105.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Idem, ibid, (1984) 63, 145.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Idem, MRS Symp. Proc., (1984) Vol. 24, 291.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Speer, R. J., J. Organic Chem., (1949) 14, 655.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Adkins, H.; Cox, J., J. Am. Chem. Soc., (1938) 60, 1151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. “Metal Alkoxides,” Bradley, D. C.; Mehrotra, R. C.; Gaur, D. P.; Eds.; Academic Press: New York, NY, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ebelman, J. J.; Bouquet, M., Ann. Chim. Phys., (1946) 17, 54.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Yoldas, B. E., J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., (1982) 65 (8), 387.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Idem, J., Appl. Chem. Biotech., (1973) 23, 803.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Idem, U.S. Patent 4, 346, 131 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Idem, J. Mater. Sci., (1986) 21, 1087.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Idem, ibid, (1986) 21, 1080.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Partlow, D. P.; Yoldas, B. E., J. Non-Cryst. Solids, (1981) 46, 153.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Her, R. K. “The Chemistry of Silica,” Wiley: New York, NY, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Stolen, R. M.; Walrafen, G. E., J. Chem. Phys., (1976) 64, 2623.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Schmidt, H.; Scholze, H; Kaiser, A., J. Non-Cryst. Solids, (1984) 63, 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Aelion, R.; Loebel, A; Eirich, F., J. Am. Chem. Soc., (1950) 72, 5750.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Schwarz, R; Knauf, K. G., Z. anorg. allg. Chem., (1954) 275, 176.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Bechtold, M. F.; Vest, R. D.; Plambeck, Jr., L. P., J. Am. Chem. Soc., (1968) 90, 4590.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Bechtold, M. F.; Mahler, W.; Schunn, R. A., J. Polym. Soc., (1980) 18, 2823.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Yoldas, B. E., J. Polym. Sci. Chem. Edition, accepted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Brown, I. D.; Shannon, R. D., Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A, (1973) 29, 266.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Smith, K. A.; Kirkpatrick, R. J.; Oldfield, E.; Henderson, D. M., Am. Mineral, (1983) 68, 1206.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yoldas, B.E. (1987). Modifications of Molecular Size and Structure During the Hydrolytic Polycondensation of Metal Alkoxides. In: Cocke, D.L., Clearfield, A. (eds) Design of New Materials. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9501-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9501-4_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4615-9503-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-9501-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics